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NASA NTRS2016

The Ames Vertical Gun Range

The Ames Vertical Gun Range (AVGR) is a national facility for conducting laboratory- scale investigations of high-speed impact processes. It provides a set of light-gas, powder, and compressed gas guns capable of accelerating projectiles to speeds up to 7 km s(exp -1). The AVGR has a unique capability to vary the angle between the projectile-launch and gravity vectors between 0 and 90 deg. The target resides in a large chamber (diameter approximately 2.5 m) that can be held at vacuum or filled with an experiment-specific atmosphere. The chamber provides a number of viewing ports and feed-throughs for data, power, and fluids. Impacts are observed via high-speed digital cameras along with investigation-specific instrumentation, such as spectrometers. Use of the range is available via grant proposals through any Planetary Science Research Program element of the NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES) calls. Exploratory experiments (one to two days) are additionally possible in order to develop a new proposal.

The chamber provides a number of viewing ports and↗
NASA NTRS2016

Autonomy @ Ames

This is a powerpoint presentation that highlights autonomy across the 15 NASA technology roadmaps, including specific examples of projects (past and present) at NASA Ames Research Center. The NASA technology roadmaps are located here: http:www.nasa.govofficesocthomeroadmapsindex.html

NASA Ames Research Center↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA Institutional Scientific Collection and Biospecimen Sharing Program at Ames Research Center

For decades, NASA and their international partners have flown and conducted non-human biological experiments in space to understand the effects of spaceflight and address potential biological hazards. It is imperative to understand the basic science and health risks associated with spaceflight, along with developing countermeasures, as humanity ventures back to the Moon, and then to Mars and beyond. Sending organisms into space is a costly endeavor which makes space-flown biological specimens a valuable resource. To enable maximum scientific return, samples not required by the Principal Investigators are harvested, preserved and archived in NASA’s Institutional Scientific Collection (ISC) at Ames Research Center (ARC). These specimens are collected according to well-established SOPs that maintain their quality and integrity. To enable new discoveries, the samples are then made available to the international scientific community through NASA’s Biospecimen Sharing Program (BSP). The NASA ISC currently stores over 32,000 specimens from Shuttle, International Space Station and ground-based investigations. Tissues are predominantly from mice and rats, though samples are also available from bacteria and quail. The specimens include tissues from all biological systems including musculoskeletal, neurosensory, reproductive, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive and are stored at -80°C, -20°C, +4°C, or ambient. Descriptive metadata is available for all samples. Historically, these tissues have been used for a wide range of analyses, including histology, genomics, and transcriptomics. Also available through the ISC are tissue from NASA’s Space Radiation Laboratory. To study the effects of space radiation, researchers irradiate biological specimens and unused samples are made available through the LSDA. These biospecimens and data are made available through the public Life Sciences Data Archive (LSDA) website to promote basic discovery, pre-clinical and clinical science. Visit the NASA ISC-BSP website for more information. Websites: https://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/ ; https://www.nasa.gov/ames/research/space-biosciences/isc-bsp

Space Flown Biospecimens↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

First Optical Constants from 0.4 to 1.6 µm of Titan Aerosol Analogs Produced in the NASA Ames COSmIC Facility and Their Use in a New Analysis of Cassini VIMS Observations

We have determined the real and imaginary refractive indices (n and k, respectively), from the visible to the near infrared (0.4 to 1.6 μm), of five laboratory-generated organic refractory materials produced from gas-phase chemistry with the NASA Ames COSmIC facility. The solid samples were produced using a plasma discharge in the stream of a 200-K supersonic jet-cooled expansion of different gas mixtures to study the impact of the molecular precursors on the solid sample optical properties. Three samples were produced from N2:CH4 (95:5) gas mixtures using three different high voltages (700V, 800V and 1000V) to vary the energy in the plasma discharge. One sample was produced from a N2:CH4:C2H2 (94:5:5:0.5) gas mixture, with a high voltage of 1000 V. The fifth sample was produced in an Ar:CH4 (95:5) gas mixture with a high voltage of 1000 V to produce a nitrogen-free hydrocarbon sample. The optical constants, n and k, of these five samples were determined using spectral reflectance measurements. They appear to be positively correlated with the nitrogen content in the solid sample, i.e., a sample with larger nitrogen content exhibits higher n and k values. We have used these refractive indices as input parameters in a radiative transfer model to analyze Cassini Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations of Titan’s atmosphere. The results show that using the tholin samples with higher n and k values (higher nitrogen content) provides a better fit to the observational data than using the samples with lower n and k values (lower nitrogen content). The Titan tholins with higher nitrogen content therefore appear to be more representative of the Titan aerosols observed by VIMS.

Titan Aerosol Analogs↗
NASA NTRS2023

First Optical Constants of Laboratory-Generated Organic Refractory Materials (Tholins) Produced in the NASA Ames COSmIC Facility from the Visible to the Near Infrared (0.4–1.6 μm): Application to Titan’s Aerosols

We have measured the complex refractive indices, from 0.4 to 1.6μm, of five laboratory-generated organic refractory materials (tholins) produced at low temperature(150 K)using plasma chemistry in the stream of a supersonic expansion in NASA Ames’ COsmic SImulation Chamber(COSmIC)facility. Three samples were produced from N2:CH4gas precursors(with different voltages inducing different degrees of ionization in the plasma), one sample was produced from N2:CH4:C2H2, and one sample was produced from Ar:CH4in order to produce a purely carbonaceous sample. The optical constants, n and k, of the samples were determined using spectral reflectance measurements. We observe that both n and k appear to be correlated with the nitrogen content in the solid sample, with samples containing more nitrogen having higher n and k. Comparisons to previous laboratory studies and Titan aerosol optical constants derived from observations show that the COSmIC tholins with a higher nitrogen content (higher n and k)are closer analogs of Titan aerosols. We also present a new analysis of Cassini Visible Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observations of Titan’s atmosphere in the visible to near infrared using the COSmIC tholin optical constants in a radiative transfer model. The COSmIC tholin sample produced from N2:CH4with the lowest energy level has a spectral behavior that appears well suited to reproduce the observed Titan aerosol properties. This study has therefore demonstrated that this COSmIC tholin sample has valuable and promising optical properties for the analysis of Cassini’s Titan atmospheric observations.

Optical Constants↗
NASA NTRS1971

Final environmental impact statement for Ames Research Center

The NASA-Ames Research Center is described. together with the nature of its activities, from which it can be seen that the center is basically not a major pollution source. Geographical, and climatic characteristics of the site are described. inasmuch as they influence both the choice of disposal methods and the environmental effects of the pollutants. The known or probable pollution sources at the center are described. Where the intensities of these sources might exceed the recommended guidelines, the corrective actions that have been taken are described.

Source record↗