An assessment of ground and flight simulators for the examination of manned lunar landing.
Free flying lunar landing research vehicle tested for more than two years and used in lunar landing simulations supporting Apollo project
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Free flying lunar landing research vehicle tested for more than two years and used in lunar landing simulations supporting Apollo project
Apollo project and lunar logistics system plans
Cold molecular welding in ultrahigh vacuum of metals for use in Apollo project
Apollo project lunar exploration communications and tracking
Lunar shelter/rover conceptual design for lunar mobile laboratory /Molab/ Apollo project Logistics Support System
Manned lunar scientific explorations using payloads transportable by launch vehicles developed for Apollo project
Since the completion of Project Apollo more than twenty years ago there have been a plethora of books, studies, reports, and articles about its origin, execution, and meaning. At the time of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first landing, it is appropriate to reflect on the effort and its place in U.S. and NASA history. This monograph has been written as a means to this end. It presents a short narrative account of Apollo from its origin through its assessment. That is followed by a mission by mission summary of the Apollo flights and concluded by a series of key documents relative to the program reproduced in facsimile. The intent of this monograph is to provide a basic history along with primary documents that may be useful to NASA personnel and others desiring information about Apollo.
Following President Kennedy’s initiation of Project Apollo, NASA underwent substantial changes in personnel, organization, and programs and faced a major question: what to do on the Moon after landing. Once a decision that science activities, particularly geoscience, should be pursued, considerable debate ensued over how to accomplish this. Questions arose over instruments and tools required, samples and photos to be returned, landing site selection, and crew composition. Answers to these questions required major efforts for planning traverses on the Moon and training the astronauts in the extensive procedures necessary in low gravity to use tools, set up instruments, take adequate photos, collect and document samples, and provide proper descriptions. In addition to astronauts on the surface, an astronaut in lunar orbit managed additional instruments, photography and verbal descriptions. Training for these activities averaged nearly one hundred hours per month for over a year for each crew. There were many problems as the training progressed: adjusting groups and backgrounds of the training personnel for the best combination of personalities and skills, overcoming logistical troubles, revising awkward procedures, determining optimum means of communications between all involved groups, and devising contingency procedures for real-time problems. By the last mission these problems were overcome.
Apollo project is discussed, considering manned lunar mission and lunar orbital rendezvous requirements, utilizing project mercury experience
Apollo project - phase modulation carrier spectrum analysis
Ship support of Apollo project for insertion injection and reentry phases
Procedures for management control of computer programming in Apollo project
Project Gemini - spacecraft, space suits, astronaut selection and training, Gemini-Titan and Atlas-Agena launch vehicles, Gemini missions, and brief outline of Project Apollo
Forecasting methodology for Apollo project - weight-performance data, mathematical models, probable error relationships, and manual to computational system
Preliminary development cost estimate for Apollo project lunar mobile laboratory /Molab/
Metrology requirements for Apollo project, noting control and measuring equipment and calibration procedures
Design of Apollo project lunar-based telemetry system for transmitting experiment data to Earth for one year
Apollo project - kinesthetic effects of astronaut movements on center of gravity of lunar flight vehicle