S-4B/5 auxiliary propulsion system 90-day recycle capability test report, module 3, supplement 1
Bladder failure analysis, diffuser tube weld examination, and failure mode reproduction tests of propulsion systems
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Unsymmetrical large deflections of expulsion devices, tasks 1 and 2 Final report
Design of bladder expulsion device subjected to constraints such as cycle life, chemical inertness, and storability
Hegemier, G. A.↗
The intermediary complexes formed by
Intermediary complexes between Na-K ion stimulated ATPase /adenosine triphosphate/ and microsomal proteins of turtle bladder epithelial cells
Brodsky, W. A.↗
Water separating system Patent
Development of liquid separating system using capillary device connected to flexible bladder storage chamber
Beauregard, W. W.↗
Cryogenic positive expulsion diaphragms Final report, Oct. 1967 - Jun. 1970
Design fabrication and cycle tests of polymeric film expulsion bladders for liquid hydrogen
Gieseking, D. E.↗
Improved elastomer for use with oxygen difluoride
Method improves resistance of CIS-1,4-poly(butadiene) elastomers to attack by oxygen difluoride at low temperatures by replacing silica reinforcement with less reactive substances. Improved elastomeric compound is utilized in bladders, diaphragms, valves, O-rings and seals.
Martin, J. W.↗
Use of thin plastic films at cryogenic temperatures
Commercially available plastic film materials that remain flexible at cryogenic temperatures and resist failures caused by folds and wrinkles created during expulsion were investigated for use in expulsion bladders for liquefied gases. Compatible adhesive systems, fabrication techniques, and results of impact and dynamic loading tests are summarized.
Lark, R. F.↗
PTFE films with improved flexibility
Development and application of flexible polytetrafluroethylene films for expulsion bladders in spacecraft propellant tanks are described. Flexibility of material is obtained by reducing crystallinity through annealing and quenching in water. Physical and mechanical properties of material are presented.
Muraca, R. F.↗
Automatic water inventory, collecting, and dispensing unit
Two cylindrical tanks with piston bladders and associated components for automatic filling and emptying use liquid inventory readout devices in control of water flow. Unit provides for adaptive water collection, storage, and dispensation in weightlessness environment.
Hall, J. B., Jr.↗
Long-term aging of elastomers: Chemical stress relaxation of fluorosilicone rubber and other studies
Aerospace applications of elastomers are considered, including: propellant binders, bladder materials for liquid propellant expulsion systems, and fuel tank sealants for high-speed aircraft. A comprehensive molecular theory for mechanical properties of these materials has been developed but has only been tested experimentally in cases where chemical degradation processes are excluded. Hence, a study is being conducted to ascertain the nature, extent, and rate of chemical changes that take place in some elastomers of interest. Chemical changes that may take place in the fluorosilicone elastomer, LS 420, which is regarded as a fuel and high-temperature-resistant rubber are investigated. The kinetic analysis of the chemical stress relaxation and gel permeation chromatography studies comprise the major portion of the report.
Kalfayan, S. H.↗
Manufacture of large, lightweight parabolic antennas
Antenna was produced in segments. Parabole sections were built up as aluminum foil sandwich with core bonded by film adhesive; whole structure was oven-cured after assembly. Structure was assembled with special tool for splice-bonding segments into complete dish, and inflatable bladder to apply pressure at joints during cure.
Hooper, S. W.↗
Rubber compositions for hydrazine service
Forty-three compounds were formulated and tested for physical properties and hydrazine compatibility. Variables introduced include silicon dioxide filler loading level and particle size. Both butyl and ethylene-propylene rubbers were employed as well as various vulcanization systems. The data showed that compounds containing butyl and butyl blended with ethylene propylene could not be distinguished from ethylene propylene alone as far as chemical properties were concerned. A trend noted was that a filler level with higher silicon dioxide loading exhibited better hydrazine compatibility. Particle size variation did not show any consistent trends. Any of the vulcanization systems employed appeared to be satisfactory. A refined technique for dissolving aluminum cores from EPT-10 bladders was also tested.
Repar, J.↗
Space suit
A pressure suit for high altitude flights, particularly space missions is reported. The suit is designed for astronauts in the Apollo space program and may be worn both inside and outside a space vehicle, as well as on the lunar surface. It comprises an integrated assembly of inner comfort liner, intermediate pressure garment, and outer thermal protective garment with removable helmet, and gloves. The pressure garment comprises an inner convoluted sealing bladder and outer fabric restraint to which are attached a plurality of cable restraint assemblies. It provides versitility in combination with improved sealing and increased mobility for internal pressures suitable for life support in the near vacuum of outer space.
Shepard, L. F.↗
Evaluation of soft rubber goods
The performance of rubber goods suitable for use as O-rings, seals, gaskets, bladders and diaphragms under conditions simulating those of the space shuttle were studied. High reliability throughout the 100 flight missions planned for the space shuttle was considered of overriding importance. Accordingly, in addition to a rank ordering of the selected candidate materials based on prolonged fluid compatibility and sealability behavior, basic rheological parameters (such as cyclic hysteresis, stress relaxation, indicated modulus, etc.) were determined to develop methods capable of predicting the cumulative effect of these multiple reuse cycles.
Merz, P. L.↗
Program to design, fabricate, test, and deliver a thermal control-mixing control device, phase 1
The development of a sensor capable of detecting temperature changes as a function of viscosity changes, was completed. This type of sensor, consisting of an orifice bridge circuit, resulted in a device with a threshold above internally generated noise of 0.8C (1.5F). Data were obtained using a noise free Freon source provided by an air pressurized bladder. Tests conducted to operate the sensor from a typical Freon centrifugal pump system employing an air bubble accumulator for noise attentuation disclosed the sensor could be used only to sense temperature changes greater than 3.3C (6F) because of the excessively noisy output. This is attributed to the high frequency-pressure fluctuations in the Freon supply to the sensor.
Thurston, T. S.↗
Constant-rate fluid-delivery system
Mechanical-feedback regulated modulating valve maintains pressure in bag equal to that within bellows, causing fluid to be expelled at a constant rate. Adaptable to systems where bellows are replaced by cylinders, bladders, or diaphragms.
Jacob, D. S.↗
Killifish Hatching and Orientation experiment MA-161
The killifish Fundulus heteroclitus was used as a model system for study of embryonic development and vestibular adaptation in orbital flight. Juvenile fish in a zero gravity environment exhibited looping swimming activity similar to that observed during the Skylab 3 mission. Hatchings from a 336 hour egg stage were also observed to loop. At splashdown, both juveniles and hatchings exhibited a typical diving response suggesting relatively normal vestibular function. Juveniles exhibited swimming patterns suggestive of abnormal swim bladders. The embryos exhibited no abnormalities resulting from development in a zero gravity environment.
H W Scheld↗
Method of making hollow elastomeric bodies
Annular elastomeric bodies having intricate shapes are cast by dipping a heated, rotating mandrel into a solution of the elastomer, permitting the elastomer to creep into sharp recesses, drying the coated mandrel and repeating the operation until the desired thickness has been achieved. A bladder for a heart assist pump in which a cylindrical body terminating in flat, sharp horizontal flanges fabricated by this procedure has been subjected to over 2,500 hours of simulated life conditions with no visible signs of degradation.
Broyles, H. F.↗