Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Community replication”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Creating an Inter-Tribal Technical Assistance Network in the Northwest Arctic

The US Department of Energy-Office of Indian Energy's (DOE-IE) support for NANA's establishment of an Inter-Tribal Assistance Network in the Northwest Arctic was a ground-breaking effort that led to many individual community successes and a regional escalation of clean energy for our tribes. Before this grant award was initiated, high penetration renewable-diesel hybrid systems were primarily aspirational. Now, after five years of intensive technical assistance and multi-institution collaboration and funding, the NANA Region has three high penetration solar-wind-battery-diesel hybrid systems and one solar-battery-diesel hybrid system fully operational with diesel-off operation occurring regularly; another solar-battery-diesel hybrid system fully funded with an RFP for construction targeted for 2023; a current grant application that was awarded to begin the final design process for solar-battery-diesel hybrid systems for four other villages in the region; and initial funding to begin a high penetration wind-battery-diesel system for the remaining village in the region. Clearly, our goal to demonstrate and replicate high penetration renewable hybrid technology has been accomplished and is increasing in scale and pace.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Geology and climate influence rhizobiome composition of the phenotypically diverse tropical tree Tabebuia heterophylla

Plant-associated microbial communities have diverse phenotypic effects on their hosts that are only beginning to be revealed. We hypothesized that morpho-physiological variations in the tropical tree Tabebuia heterophylla, observed on different geological substrates, arise in part due to microbial processes in the rhizosphere. We characterized the microbiota of the rhizosphere and soil communities associated with T. heterophylla trees in high and low altitude sites (with varying temperature and precipitation) of volcanic, karst and serpentine geologies across Puerto Rico. We sampled 6 areas across the island in three geological materials including volcanic, serpentine and karst soils. Collection was done in 2 elevations (>450m and 0-300m high), that included 3 trees for each site and 4 replicate soil samples per tree of both bulk and rhizosphere. Genomic DNA was extracted from 144 samples, and 16S rRNA V4 sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were the most dominant phyla, and microbiomes clustered by geological substrate and elevation. Volcanic samples were enriched in Verrucomicrobia; karst was dominated by nitrogen-fixing Proteobacteria, and serpentine sites harbored the most diverse communities, with dominant Cyanobacteria. Sites with similar climates but differing geologies showed significant differences on rhizobiota diversity and composition demonstrating the importance of geology in shaping the rhizosphere microbiota, with implications for the plant's phenotype. Our study sheds light on the combined role of geology and climate in the rhizosphere microbial consortia, likely contributing to the phenotypic plasticity of the trees.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Comparison of brush and biopsy sampling methods of the ileal pouch for assessment of mucosa-associated microbiota of human subjects

Mucosal biopsy is the most common sampling technique used to assess microbial communities associated with the intestinal mucosa. Biopsies disrupt the epithelium and can be associated with complications such as bleeding. Biopsies sample a limited area of the mucosa, which can lead to potential sampling bias. In contrast to the mucosal biopsy, the mucosal brush technique is less invasive and provides greater mucosal coverage, and if it can provide equivalent microbial community data, it would be preferable to mucosal biopsies. Results: We compared microbial samples collected from the intestinal mucosa using either a cytology brush or mucosal biopsy forceps. We collected paired samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who had previously undergone colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), and profiled the microbial communities of the samples by sequencing V4-V6 or V4-V5 16S rRNA-encoding gene amplicons. Comparisons of 177 taxa in 16 brush-biopsy sample pairs had a mean R2 of 0.94. We found no taxa that varied significantly between the brush and biopsy samples after adjusting for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate ≤0.05). We also tested the reproducibility of DNA amplification and sequencing in 25 replicate pairs and found negligible variation (mean R2 = 0.99). A qPCR analysis of the two methods showed that the relative yields of bacterial DNA to human DNA were several-fold higher in the brush samples than in the biopsies. Conclusions: Mucosal brushing is preferred to mucosal biopsy for sampling the epithelial-associated microbiota. Although both techniques provide similar assessments of the microbial community composition, the brush sampling method has relatively more bacterial to host DNA, covers a larger surface area, and is less traumatic to the epithelium than the mucosal biopsy.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ultra-sensitive isotope probing to quantify activity and substrate assimilation in microbiomes

Abstract Background Stable isotope probing (SIP) approaches are a critical tool in microbiome research to determine associations between species and substrates, as well as the activity of species. The application of these approaches ranges from studying microbial communities important for global biogeochemical cycling to host-microbiota interactions in the intestinal tract. Current SIP approaches, such as DNA-SIP or nanoSIMS allow to analyze incorporation of stable isotopes with high coverage of taxa in a community and at the single cell level, respectively, however they are limited in terms of sensitivity, resolution or throughput. Results Here, we present an ultra-sensitive, high-throughput protein-based stable isotope probing approach (Protein-SIP), which cuts cost for labeled substrates by 50–99% as compared to other SIP and Protein-SIP approaches and thus enables isotope labeling experiments on much larger scales and with higher replication. The approach allows for the determination of isotope incorporation into microbiome members with species level resolution using standard metaproteomics liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) measurements. At the core of the approach are new algorithms to analyze the data, which have been implemented in an open-source software ( https://sourceforge.net/projects/calis-p/ ). We demonstrate sensitivity, precision and accuracy using bacterial cultures and mock communities with different labeling schemes. Furthermore, we benchmark our approach against two existing Protein-SIP approaches and show that in the low labeling range used our approach is the most sensitive and accurate. Finally, we measure translational activity using 18 O heavy water labeling in a 63-species community derived from human fecal samples grown on media simulating two different diets. Activity could be quantified on average for 27 species per sample, with 9 species showing significantly higher activity on a high protein diet, as compared to a high fiber diet. Surprisingly, among the species with increased activity on high protein were several Bacteroides species known as fiber consumers. Apparently, protein supply is a critical consideration when assessing growth of intestinal microbes on fiber, including fiber-based prebiotics. Conclusions We demonstrate that our Protein-SIP approach allows for the ultra-sensitive (0.01 to 10% label) detection of stable isotopes of elements found in proteins, using standard metaproteomics data.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Extending Rucio with modern cloud storage support

Rucio is a software framework designed to facilitate scientific collaborations in efficiently organising, managing, and accessing extensive volumes of data through customizable policies. The framework enables data distribution across globally distributed locations and heterogeneous data centres, integrating various storage and network technologies into a unified federated entity. Rucio offers advanced features like distributed data recovery and adaptive replication, and it exhibits high scalability, modularity, and extensibility. Originally developed to meet the requirements of the high-energy physics experiment ATLAS, Rucio has been continuously expanded to support LHC experiments and diverse scientific communities. Recent R&D projects within these communities have evaluated the integration of both private and commercially-provided cloud storage systems, leading to the development of additional functionalities for seamless integration within Rucio. Furthermore, the underlying systems, FTS and GFAL/Davix, have been extended to cater to specific use cases. This contribution focuses on the technical aspects of this work, particularly the challenges encountered in building a generic interface for self-hosted cloud storage, such as MinIO or CEPH S3 Gateway, and established providers like Google Cloud Storage and Amazon Simple Storage Service. Additionally, the integration of decentralised clouds like SEAL is explored. Key aspects, including authentication and authorisation, direct and remote access, throughput and cost estimation, are highlighted, along with shared experiences in daily operations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Data and scripts associated with a manuscript investigating dissolved organic matter and microbial community linkages across seven globally distributed rivers

This data package is associated with the publication “Meta-metabolome ecology reveals that geochemistry and microbial functional potential are linked to organic matter development across seven rivers” submitted to Science of the Total Environment. This data package includes the data necessary to replicate the analyses presented within the manuscript to investigate dissolved organic matter (DOM) development across broad spatial distances and within divergent biomes. Specifically, we included the Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) data, geochemistry data, annotated metagenomic data, and results from ecological null modeling analyses in this data package. Additionally, we included the scripts necessary to generate the figures from the manuscript. Complete metagenomic data associated with this data package can be found at the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) under Bioproject PRJNA946291. This dataset consists of (1) four folders; (2) a file-level metadata (flmd) file; (3) a data dictionary (dd) file; (4) a factor sheet describing samples; and (5) a readme. The FTICR Data folder contains (1) the processed Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) data; (2) a transformation-weighted characteristics dendrogram generated from the FTICR-MS data; and (3) the script used to generate all FTICR-MS related figures. The Geochemical Data folder contains (1) the single geochemistry data file and (2) the R script responsible for generating associated figures. The Metagenomic Data folder contains (1) annotation information across different levels; (2) carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) information from the dbCAN database (Yin et al., 2012); (3) phylogenetic tree data (FASTAs, alignments, and tree file); and (4) the scripts necessary to analyze all of these data and generate figures. The Null Modeling Data folder contains (1) data generated during null modeling for each river and all rivers combined and (2) the R scripts necessary to process the data. All files are .csv, .pdf, .tsv, .tre, .faa, .afa, .tree, or .R.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Data from: Nitrous oxide emissions during establishment of eight alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central United States

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils are a key sustainability metric of cropping systems. During crop establishment, disruptive land-use change is known to be a critical, but under reported period, for determining GHG emissions. We measured soil N2O emissions and potential environmental drivers of these fluxes from a three-year establishment-phase bioenergy cropping systems experiment replicated in southcentral Wisconsin (ARL) and southwestern Michigan (KBS). Cropping systems treatments were annual monocultures (continuous corn, corn–soybean–canola rotation), perennial monocultures (switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar), and perennial polycultures (native grass mixture, early successional community, and restored prairie) all grown using best management practices specific to the system. Cumulative three-year N2O emissions from annuals were 142% higher than from perennials, with fertilized perennials 190% higher than unfertilized perennials. Emissions ranged from 3.1 to 19.1 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for the annuals with continuous corn > corn–soybean–canola rotation and 1.1 to 6.3 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 for perennials. Nitrous oxide peak fluxes typically were associated with precipitation events that closely followed fertilization. Bayesian modeling of N2O fluxes based on measured environmental factors explained 33% of variability across all systems. Models trained on single systems performed well in most monocultures (e.g., R2 = 0.52 for poplar) but notably worse in polycultures (e.g., R2 = 0.17 for early successional, R2 = 0.06 for restored prairie), indicating that simulation models that include N2O emissions should be parameterized specific to particular plant communities. Our results indicate that perennial bioenergy crops in their establishment phase emit less N2O than annual crops, especially when not fertilized. These findings should be considered further alongside yield and other metrics contributing to important ecosystem services.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Solar Market Pathways Final Report

The Solar Market Pathways program supported the development of successful and replicable solar deployment plans and strategies, and inspired and helped others across the country initiate or improve their own solar strategies based on lessons learned and promising practices. This report shares how the Institute for Sustainable Communities (ISC), as the national coordinator, created and fostered a strong peer network that enabled the transfer of ideas, peer support, and lessons learned between Solar Market Pathways projects. This network accelerated learning and allowed awardees to advance their innovations—building on each other’s successes and mistakes, and effectively streamlining resource use. Within this report, we document the project results and impacts of Solar Market Pathways, which are broad reaching and include jump-starting the community solar market in the Chicago region, creating comprehensive deployment plans in nascent markets in Duluth and Utah, facilitating regional market development in the northeast, and using solar+storage to build community resilience in cities like New York and San Francisco.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Community-Scale Solar Deployment in the Northwest Arctic

NANA Regional Corporation (NRC, or NANA) was formed as an Alaska Native Corporation (ANC) pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971. Our lands cover 39,000 square miles of the Northwest Arctic region of Alaska. We partner closely with the Northwest Arctic Borough (NAB) and our 11 remote communities on numerous projects and activities, especially around clean energy initiatives that improve quality of life and help to reduce extremely high energy costs experienced by the communities in our region. Collectively, the regional partnership has developed numerous successful solar, wind, biomass, and energy storage, distribution upgrade, and efficiency projects. To further progress, we created the Northwest Arctic Energy Steering Committee to share and replicate these benefits across the region. NANA’s mission is to provide economic opportunities for our more than 13,500 Iñupiat shareholders and to protect and enhance NANA lands.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Implementation and Performance Evaluation of a Community-Scale Adobe Evaporative Cooling Chamber for Vegetable Preservation

The construction of evaporative coolers in remote areas can increase the longevity of vegetables, improving food security and the local economy of small farmers in remote, impoverished communities without access to electricity. This work presents a 1:1 scale prototype of an 8 m 3 (2.1 × 2.1 × 2.3 m) stabilized adobe evaporative cooler, with a design based on the appropriate technology framework, and it was built as a chamber using double adobe walls, filled with wet sand, to induce evaporative cooling. Furthermore, the paper presents the prototype’s performance evaluation. The tests were carried out in the dry and wet states, with different volumes of water. The results show good performance compared with other prototypes, although the optimum watering volume could not be determined because of the high climate variance (outside temperature and humidity) that prevented the repetition of the experiments in identical operating conditions. Stabilized adobe proved to be a good choice for use in the cooler, even when subject to moisture accumulation, indicating an estimated long lifetime for the cooler. The data obtained about the efficiency of evaporative cooling show that the cooler, as expected, has its best performance on the hottest and driest days, reducing the internal temperature (up to 13.24 °C) and managing to keep the internal humidity. The cost, efficiency, durability, and replicability make the proposed evaporative cooler a feasible solution for food preservation.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

On the Links Between Ice Nucleation, Cloud Phase, and Climate Sensitivity in CESM2

Ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds has been identified as a critical factor in projections of future climate. Here we explore how this process influences climate sensitivity using the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2). We find that ice nucleation affects simulated cloud feedbacks over most regions and levels of the troposphere, not just extratropical low clouds. However, with present-day global mean cloud phase adjusted to replicate satellite retrievals, similar total cloud feedback is attained whether ice nucleation is simulated as aerosol-sensitive, insensitive, or absent. These model experiments all result in a strongly positive total cloud feedback, as in the default CESM2. A microphysics update from CESM1 to CESM2 had substantially weakened ice nucleation, due partly to a model issue. Our findings indicate that this update reduced global cloud phase bias, with CESM2's high climate sensitivity reflecting improved mixed-phase cloud representation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Development of Simplified Model Test Methods for Creep-Fatigue Evaluation

The Simplified Model Test (SMT) approach is an alternative creep-fatigue evaluation method that no longer requires the use of the damage interaction diagram, or D-diagram. The reason is that the combined effects of creep and fatigue are accounted for in the test data by means of a SMT specimen that is designed to replicate or bound the stress and strain redistribution that occurs in actual components when loaded in the creep regime. However, creep-fatigue experiments on SMT key feature articles are specialized and difficult to perform by the general research community. In this paper, two innovative SMT based creep-fatigue experimental methods are developed and implemented. These newly-developed SMT test methods have resolved all the critical challenges in the SMT key feature article testing and enable the potential of further development of the SMT based creep-fatigue evaluation method into a standard testing method. Scoping test results on Alloy 617 and SS 316H using the newly developed SMT methods are summarized and discussed. The concepts of the SMT methodology for creep-fatigue evaluation are explained.

Wang, Yanli↗
DOE OSTI2021

D2U: Data Driven User Emulation for the Enhancement of Cyber Testing, Training, and Data Set Generation

Whether testing intrusion detection systems, conducting training exercises, or creating data sets to be used by the broader cybersecurity community, realistic user behavior is a critical component of a cyber range. Existing methods either rely on network level data or replay recorded user actions to approximate real users in a network. Our work is the first to produce generative models trained on actual user data (sequences of application usage) collected on endpoints. Once trained to the user's behavioral data, these models can generate novel sequences of actions %that appear to come from the same distribution as the training data. These sequences of actions are then fed to our custom software via configuration files, which replicate those behaviors on end devices. Notably, our models are platform agnostic and could generate behavior data for any emulation software package. In this paper we present our model generation process, software architecture, and an initial evaluation of the fidelity of our models. Our software is currently deployed in a cyber range to help evaluate the efficacy of defensive cyber technologies. We suggest additional ways that the cyber community as a whole can benefit from more realistic user behavior emulation. The data used to train our model, as well as sample configuration files produced by the model, are available at [redacted].

Oesch, T↗
DOE OSTI2020

Viral elements and their potential influence on microbial processes along the permanently stratified Cariaco Basin redoxcline

Little is known about viruses in oxygen-deficient water columns (ODWCs). In surface ocean waters, viruses are known to act as gene vectors among susceptible hosts. Some of these genes may have metabolic functions and are thus termed auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). AMGs introduced to new hosts by viruses can enhance viral replication and/or potentially affect biogeochemical cycles by modulating key microbial pathways. Here we identify 748 viral populations that cluster into 94 genera along a vertical geochemical gradient in the Cariaco Basin, a permanently stratified and euxinic ocean basin. The viral communities in this ODWC appear to be relatively novel as 80 of these viral genera contained no reference viral sequences, likely due to the isolation and unique features of this system. We identify viral elements that encode AMGs implicated in distinctive processes, such as sulfur cycling, acetate fermentation, signal transduction, [Fe–S] formation, and N-glycosylation. These AMG-encoding viruses include two putative Mu-like viruses, and viral-like regions that may constitute degraded prophages that have been modified by transposable elements. Our results provide an insight into the ecological and biogeochemical impact of viruses oxygen-depleted and euxinic habitats.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Empowering Energy Efficiency in Existing Big-Box Retail/Grocery Stores (Final Optimization Report)

The Center for Sustainable Energy (CSE), in partnership with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), TRC Energy Services, P2S Engineering Inc, Walmart, and five innovative technology providers, are to demonstrate the impact of an integrated suite of pre-commercial energy efficiency (EE) technologies in a large, existing, retail building located within an inland disadvantaged community. Proposed technology packages include three categories of advanced EE solutions: heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, and refrigerating (HVAC/R); lighting; and integrated system and building level controls. The project is designed to impact Walmart’s future store specifications, which can be replicated and deployed in other buildings across California with similar end-use and system characteristics. The following lists the technologies considered for this project: DualCool (HVAC evaporative cooling); Software Motor Company (SMC) (HVAC and refrigeration fan motor); I2S: DC LED lighting; LocBit: building energy management and optimization; Saya: water monitoring.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Grid Resiliency with a 100% Renewable Microgrid

San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDG&E) installed America’s first and largest utility-scale microgrid in Borrego Springs in 2013. The first generation Borrego Springs Microgrid utilized diesel generators to form and stabilize the microgrid island, with support from grid-scale batteries and local solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this project, SDG&E in partnership with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) demonstrated through modeling, simulation and utility field testing that blackstart and islanding of the microgrid can be led with 100% renewable, inverter based resources (IBRs), to help reduce community reliance on conventional generation resources. Through equipment upgrades, grid-forming island leader capability was transitioned to a battery IBR instead of the Borrego Springs Microgrid diesel generators. A new microgrid controller was integrated to the microgrid and programmed to control and manage multiple energy storage systems. Synchrophasor and other power quality data verified autonomous, high-speed response of the IBRs through blackstart, islanding, and load step testing. Results of project field evaluations provide distribution systems operators (DSO) with increased confidence that renewable, IBR can replace traditional generators to blackstart and island microgrids and rapidly establish stable island frequency with rapid changes in peak power demand. Importantly, the project validated the integration feasibility of a distributed energy resource management system (DERMS) controller that manages multiple grid-forming and grid-following IBRs, establishing a standard design interface to reduce the complexity of integrating new DERs in the future and supporting replication by the industry. As a result of learnings in this project, SDG&E has implemented the microgrid controller strategy at multiple other microgrid sites, thereby validating the replicability of the solution. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations including power and controller HIL hardware — along with electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations of Borrego Springs Microgrid —informed adjustments to inverter parameters and were important to characterize the performance of the IBRs in relevant operating conditions before deployment. The EMT and HIL simulations of islanding the entire community are important contributions in providing confidence in IBR performance prior to future islanding of the community in the field. High-fidelity EMT and/or HIL simulation of IBRs can de-risk field operations, and its relevance and importance as a tool is increasing as distribution grids and microgrids become more complex and dynamic with an increasing proportion of renewable generation, distributed energy storage, and two-way power and energy flows.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2019

dCache - Joining the noWORM Storage Club

For over a decade, dCache.ORG has provided robust software, called dCache, that is used at more than 80 universities and research institutes around the world, allowing these sites to provide reliable storage services for the WLCG experiments and many other scientific communities. The flexible architecture of dCache allows running it in a wide variety of configurations and platforms - from all-in-one Raspberry-Pi up to hundreds of nodes in multi-petabyte infrastructures. The life cycle of scientific data is well defined - collected, processed, archived and finally deleted, when it’s not needed anymore. Moreover, during all those stages the data is never modified: either the original data is used, or new derived data is produced. With this knowledge, dCache was designed to handle immutable files as efficiently as possible. Data replication, HSM connectivity and data-server independent operations are only possible due to the immutable nature of stored data. Nowadays many commercial vendors provide such write-once-read-many or WORM storage systems, as they become more and more demanded with grown demand of audio, photo and video content in the web. On the other hand by providing standard NFSv4.1 interface dCache is often used as a general-purpose file-system, especially by new communities, like photon scientists or microbiologists. Although many users are aware of data immutability, some applications and use cases still require in-place updates of stored files. To satisfy new requirements some fundamental changes have to be applied to dCache’s core design. However, new developments must not compromise any aspect of existing functionality. In this presentation we will show new developments in dCache to turn it into a regular file system. We will discuss the challenges to build a distributed storage system, ‘life’ with POSIX compliance, handling of multiple replicas and backward compatibility by providing WORM and noWORM capabilities within the same storage system.

Mkrtchyan, Tigran↗