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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8

Synthesis of oscillating adaptive feedback systems

A synthesis theory is developed which allows system design to proceed from practical specifications on system command and/or disturbance response to a design which is very nearly optimal in terms of feedback sensor noise effects. The approach taken is to replace the nonlinear element by a mean square error minimizing approximation (dual-input describing function), and then use linear frequency domain synthesis techniques subject to additional constraints imposed by the limit cycle and the approximator. Synthesis techniques are also developed for a similar system using an externally excited oscillating signal with the above approach. The results remove the design of the systems considered from the realm of simulation and experimentation, permitting true synthesis and the optimization that accompanies it.

Smay, J. W.↗

Derivative information recovery by a selective integration technique

A nonlinear stationary homogeneous digital filter DIRSIT (derivative information recovery by a selective integration technique) is investigated. The spectrum of a quasi-linear discrete describing function (DDF) to DIRSIT is obtained by a digital measuring scheme. A finite impulse response (FIR) approximation to the quasi-linearization is then obtained. Finally, DIRSIT is compared with its quasi-linear approximation and with a standard digital differentiating technique. Results indicate the effects of DIRSIT on a wide variety of practical signals.

Johnson, M. A.↗

Error modeling of precision orientation sensors in a fixed base simulation

Models of noise and dynamic characteristics of gyro and autocollimator for very small signal levels are presented. Measurements were evaluated using spectral techniques for identifying noise from base motion. The experiment was constructed to measure the precession, due to relativistic effects, of an extremely precise earth-orbiting gyroscope. The design goal for nonrelativistic gyro drift is 0.001 arcsec per year. An analogous fixed base simulator was used in developing methods of instrument error modeling and performance evaluation applicable to the relativity experiment sensors and other precision pointing instruments. Analysis of autocollimator spectra uncovered the presence of a platform gimbal resonance. The source of resonance was isolated to gimbal bearing elastic restraint properties most apparent at very small levels of motion. A model of these properties which include both elastic and coulomb friction characteristics is discussed, and a describing function developed.

Klinger, D. L.↗

Tracking with head position using an electrooptical monitor

An electrooptical head-position monitoring system was designed and built and is used in single-axis and three-axis 'hands-off' control tasks. The monitor consists of a transparent plexiglass body-fixed helmet provided with a set of eight silicon photodetectors sensing pitch, roll, and yaw motions of the head. Two light-emitting diodes, attached to the pilot's helmet liner, provide the ac modulated near infrared radiation. Head control is compared with conventional manual control for single-axis and three-axis tracking tasks. Both performance curves and describing functions are presented.

Chouet, B. A.↗

Stability study of the Large Space Telescope /LST/ system with nonlinear CMG gimbal friction

The purpose of the investigation reported upon is to study the existence and characteristics of self-sustained oscillations in the dynamic behavior of the Large Space Telescope (LST) system due to the presence of nonlinear gimbal friction in the control moment gyroscopes (CMGs). A continuous-data single-axis model of the LST is considered. A solid friction model is used to represent CMG gimbal friction. A rigorous mathematical model is derived for use in a continuous describing function analysis. Conditions for self-sustained oscillations are then determined.

Kuo, B. C.↗

Research study on stabilization and control. Modern sampled-date control theory. Stability analysis of the low cost large space telescope system

A mathematical model employing Fourier series is used to show quantization and reaction wheel friction nonlinearity in a telescope system for use in space. Block diagrams are used to illustrate the system. A discrete describing function of a quantizer also is given, and input and output signal waveforms, with illustrative examples, are shown.

Kuo, B. C.↗

Limit cycle analysis of large space telescope with CMG nonlinearity

The existence and characteristics of self-sustained oscillations were studied in the Large Space Telescope (LST) system due to the presence of nonlinear gimbal friction in the control moment gyroscopes (CMG's). A continuous data single-axis model of the LST is considered. A solid friction model is used to represent CMG gimbal friction. A rigorous mathematical model is derived for use in a continuous describing function analysis. Conditions for self-sustained oscillations are then determined.

Seltzer, S. M.↗

Tracking performance under time sharing conditions with a digit processing task: A feedback control theory analysis

A one dimensional compensatory tracking task and a digit processing reaction time task were combined in a three phase experiment designed to investigate tracking performance in time sharing. Adaptive techniques, elaborate feedback devices, and on line standardization procedures were used to adjust task difficulty to the ability of each individual subject and manipulate time sharing demands. Feedback control analysis techniques were employed in the description of tracking performance. The experimental results show that when the dynamics of a system are constrained, in such a manner that man machine system stability is no longer a major concern of the operator, he tends to adopt a first order control describing function, even with tracking systems of higher order. Attention diversion to a concurrent task leads to an increase in remnant level, or nonlinear power. This decrease in linearity is reflected both in the output magnitude spectra of the subjects, and in the linear fit of the amplitude ratio functions.

Gopher, D.↗

Effects of automobile steering characteristics on driver vehicle system dynamics in regulation tasks

A regulation task which subjected the automobile to a random gust disturbance which is countered by driver control action is used to study the effects of various automobile steering characteristics on the driver/vehicle system. The experiments used a variable stability automobile specially configured to permit insertion of the simulated gust disturbance and the measurement of the driver/vehicle system characteristics. Driver/vehicle system dynamics were measured and interpreted as an effective open loop system describing function. Objective measures of system bandwidth, stability, and time delays were deduced and compared. These objective measures were supplemented by driver ratings. A tentative optimum range of vehicle dynamics for the directional regulation task was established.

Mcruer, D. T.↗

Comparison of human driver dynamics in simulators with complex and simple visual displays and in an automobile on the road

As part of a comprehensive program exploring driver/vehicle system response in lateral steering tasks, driver/vehicle system describing functions and other dynamic data have been gathered in several milieu. These include a simple fixed base simulator with an elementary roadway delineation only display; a fixed base statically operating automobile with a terrain model based, wide angle projection system display; and a full scale moving base automobile operating on the road. Dynamic data with the two fixed base simulators compared favorably, implying that the impoverished visual scene, lack of engine noise, and simplified steering wheel feel characteristics in the simple simulator did not induce significant driver dynamic behavior variations. The fixed base vs. moving base comparisons showed substantially greater crossover frequencies and phase margins on the road course.

Mcruer, D. T.↗

Manual and automatic control of surface effect ships

A recent investigation of crew performance in the motion environment of a large generic high speed surface effect ship by means of a motion base simulation addressed some of the helmsman's control task with an external forward visual field of the seascape and navigation and steering displays in the pilot house. In addition to the primary steering control task, a subcritical speed tracking task provided a secondary surrogate for trimming the water speed of the craft. The results of helsmen's steering describing function measurements are presented, and some suggestions for their interpretation are offered. The likely steering loop closures comprise heading and lateral displacement for the course keeping task investigated. Also discussed is the manner in which these loop closures were implemented for automatic steering of the surface effect ship. Regardless of the influence of workload, steering technique, water speed and sea state, the helmsmen apparently adopted a disturbance regulation bandwidth of about 0.2 rad/sec for lateral displacement.

Clement, W. F.↗

Turbulent pressure field in a co-annular jet

Single point and two-point fluctuating static pressure measurements have been made in the initial mixing and transition regions in a co-annular circular jet. Space scales, correlation and time scales in the convected frame, and convection velocities have been determined for both broad band and narrow band frequency components. Analytical functionals describing the structural behavior of the turbulent pressure field have been developed from the data which are suitable for direct application in predicting the sound power level radiated from this turbulent field. Effects of both area and velocity ratios are incorporated in the model.

Hammersley, R. J.↗

Stability analysis and compensation of a boost regulator with two-loop control

A useful stability measure has been demonstrated by Wester (1973) for switching regulators with a single feedback loop by applying the Nyquist criterion to the approximate loop gain determined by a time-averaging technique. This approach is extended and applied to the characterization, stability analysis, and compensation design of a switching regulator with two-loop control. The role and relative significance of each control loop is clarified on the basis of a description of circuit operation, and the major and minor loops are identified. In view of the inapplicability of linear feedback theory, describing functions of the feedback loops and power stage are derived, using small-signal analysis. Several phenomena revealed from an analysis of the major loop gain are discussed.

Wester, G. W.↗

Jump resonant frequency islands in nonlinear feedback control systems

A new type of jump resonance is predicted and observed in certain nonlinear feedback control systems. The new jump resonance characteristic is described as a 'frequency island' due to the fact that a portion of the input-output transfer characteristic is disjoint from the main body. The presence of such frequency islands was predicted by using a sinusoidal describing function characterization of the dynamics of an inertial gyro employing nonlinear ternary rebalance logic. While the general conditions under which such islands are possible has not been examined, a numerical approach is presented which can aid in establishing their presence. The existence of the frequency islands predicted for the ternary rebalanced gyro was confirmed by simulating the nonlinear system and measuring the transfer function.

Koenigsberg, W. D.↗

Shape of the 5 mm oxygen band in the atmosphere

The problem of absorption of microwaves by molecular oxygen in the atmosphere is treated by means of a first-order approximation to the impact theory of overlapping spectral lines. By including only the coupling between adjacent rotational states in molecular collisions, we have devised a simple approximate method for computing the interference between lines from measurements on the resolved lines. The need for an empirically determined function describing the linewidth/pressure ratio is eliminated. Comparisons with measurements at atmospheric pressures show that the first-order interference accounts for the low absorption at the band wings near 1 atm pressure. It also predicts the correct amount of asymmetry between high and low frequency wings.

Source record↗

A study of attitude control concepts for precision-pointing non-rigid spacecraft

Attitude control concepts for use onboard structurally nonrigid spacecraft that must be pointed with great precision are examined. The task of determining the eigenproperties of a system of linear time-invariant equations (in terms of hybrid coordinates) representing the attitude motion of a flexible spacecraft is discussed. Literal characteristics are developed for the associated eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system. A method is presented for determining the poles and zeros of the transfer function describing the attitude dynamics of a flexible spacecraft characterized by hybrid coordinate equations. Alterations are made to linear regulator and observer theory to accommodate modeling errors. The results show that a model error vector, which evolves from an error system, can be added to a reduced system model, estimated by an observer, and used by the control law to render the system less sensitive to uncertain magnitudes and phase relations of truncated modes and external disturbance effects. A hybrid coordinate formulation using the provided assumed mode shapes, rather than incorporating the usual finite element approach is provided.

Likins, P. W.↗

A computer program to predict rotor rotational noise of a stationary rotor from blade loading coefficient

The programing language used is FORTRAN IV. A description of all main and subprograms is provided so that any user possessing a FORTRAN compiler and random access capability can adapt the program to his facility. Rotor blade surface-pressure spectra can be used by the program to calculate: (1) blade station loading spectra, (2) chordwise and/or spanwise integrated blade-loading spectra, and (3) far-field rotational noise spectra. Any of five standard inline functions describing the chordwise distribution of the blade loading can be chosen in order to study parametrically the acoustic predictions. The program output consists of both printed and graphic descriptions of the blade-loading coefficient spectra and far-field acoustic spectrum. The results may also be written on binary file for future processing. Examples of the application of the program along with a description of the rotational noise prediction theory on which the program is based are also provided.

Ramakrishnan, R.↗

Optimal control of a low wing-loading STOL aircraft

Linear optimal quadratic control theory is applied to a low wing-loading STOL aircraft for ride quality and flight path following. Design criteria include minimum rms response to wind turbulence and desired transient response characteristics. Design techniques include proper choosing of design versus evaluation models, choosing appropriate performance index responses, and use of classical evaluation techniques. Results are obtained through a combination of frequency response shaping and gust observation. Effects of control rate and authority saturation are examined with a new rapid calculation of random input describing functions. Parameter sensitivity is also evaluated using a Liapunov type matrix equation.

Cunningham, T. B.↗