Electromechanical Tuning of Nanoscale MIM Diodes by Nanoindentation
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This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and EMB Energy, Inc. (EMB Energy), to develop a utility-scale electro-mechanical battery (EMB) to facilitate bulk-energy storage. The technical objectives of this CRADA project were to design, fabricate and test an EMB capable of storing between 200-250 kWh of electrical energy without significant losses for up to 96 hours at a projected cost of $420 per kWh (installed), or less. The results of this CRADA would provide the information required to design a final full-scale demonstration unit (200-250 kWh) to support the finalization of engineering and manufacturing plans.
Fermilab will provide a single-cell 1.3 GHz RF cavity and niobium coupons for Faraday Technology to use to develop the bulk bi-polar electropolishing process. The RF cavity will remain Fermilab property. Phase I will first demonstrate the feasibility of the process on coupons to optimize Bipolar EP process parameters to achieve niobium removal rates that are compatible with bulk processing throughput rates, while maintaining desired surface finishes. Subsequently in Phase I, we will transition the Bipolar EP process from coupons to bulk processing of single-cell cavities, while maintaining the desired removal rates. The project team will determine the performance effect of the Bipolar EP Bulk Process via cavity testing, and develop a preliminary economic analysis showing the commercial viability of the technology as compared to conventional practice. Under this CRADA, Fermilab provided a 1.3 GHz RF cavity to Faraday Technology to use for acid-free electropolishing studies. The original scope of work provided for up to two tests of the electropolished cavity in Fermilab’s Vertical Test Stand (VTS).
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Thin carbon-strip targets provide fast relative hadron beam polarimetry, but their response in intense relativistic bunched beams is not governed by local stopping-power heating alone. We develop a coupled response model that combines beam-target overlap, secondary-electron escape, retained heat, target motion, transient heat transport, RF-induced strip-end heating, beam-induced forces, resistance changes, and slack-strip deformation. RHIC target observations constrain the relevant motion, force, and nonlocal-heating scales and show that target survival depends on both beam-center heating and electromagnetic boundary conditions near the strip ends. Applying the model to Booster, AGS, RHIC, and EIC proton and 3 He cases shows that the RHIC proton lifetime scale is reproduced at the order-of-magnitude level, while the RHIC target-holder fin results require the additional RF/end-heating mechanism. For EIC proton flattop operation, carbon-strip polarimetry may remain viable only with reduced dwell time, sufficient detector acceptance, and suppression of RF-induced end heating. For cooled-emittance 3 He, the calculated sublimation-loss scale is far beyond a straightforward RHIC-like carbon-strip extrapolation. Conventional carbon strips are therefore unlikely to remain viable for the most demanding EIC light-ion cases without major changes in target motion, target technology, or diagnostic concept.
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An electro-mechanical x-ray generator configured to obtain high-energy operation with favorable energy-weight scaling. The electro-mechanical x-ray generator may include a pair of capacitor plates. The capacitor plates may be charged to a predefined voltage and may be separated to generate higher voltages on the order of hundreds of kV in the AK gap. The high voltage may be generated in a vacuum tube.
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This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a parametric amplifier. In one aspect, a device includes an electron source electrode, a counter electrode, and a pumping electrode. The electron source electrode may include a conductive base and a flexible conductor. The flexible conductor may have a first end and a second end, with the second end of the flexible conductor being coupled to the conductive base. A cross-sectional dimension of the flexible conductor may be less than about 100 nanometers. The counter electrode may be disposed proximate the first end of the flexible conductor and spaced a first distance from the first end of the flexible conductor. The pumping electrode may be disposed proximate a length of the flexible conductor and spaced a second distance from the flexible conductor.
A geometric design of E-S generator/motor electrodes mounted on the inner surface of a fiber-composite rotor is provided. The electrode configuration is able to sustain very high g levels. The rotor may be formed of carbon-fiber wound on top of an inner E or S-glass fiber composite core. The electrode design provides the needed area to satisfy the power requirements of the storage system and utilizes a stacked wedge-like electrode array that both solves the high-g problem and results in a doubling or tripling of the electrode area, relative to that of electrodes that conform to the inner cylindrical surface of the rotor.
A geometric design of E-S generator motor electrodes mounted on the inner surface of a fiber-composite rotor is provided. The electrode configuration is able to sustain very high g levels. The rotor may be funned of carbon-fiber wound on top of an inner E car S-glass fiber composite core. The electrode design provides the needed area to satisfy the power requirements of the storage system and utilizes a stacked wedge-like electrode array that both solves the high-g problem and results in a doubling or tripling of the electrode area, relative to that of electrodes that conform to the inner cylindrical surface of the rotor.
Reliable power system operation requires that system operators maintain a satisfactory small-signal stability margin at all times. Mode meters allow system operators to continuously monitor the stability margin by analyzing synchrophasor measurements. Experience with mode meters at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has revealed that mode meters sometimes suffer severe bias following transient disturbances. In this paper, a robust version of the Yule-Walker mode meter algorithm is proposed to mitigate this bias. The robust capability is introduced by modifying the estimator of the autocovariance sequence (ACS) on which the algorithm depends. Tests with field-measured data demonstrate that the robust Yule-Walker (RYW) algorithm significantly outperforms its conventional counterpart and is better able to provide system operators with accurate information about the system's stability margin.
For the Reprocessing Plant (WAK) in Karlsruhe, Germany, Waelischmiller developed remote handling technologies and robotics used for dismantling of several high-activity radioactive storage buildings. The key component in this project is the Waelischmiller system TELBOT{sup R}. The TELBOT{sup R} system has been successfully deployed in dozens of applications based on the customer's requirements and lessons learned. The objectives for this project were to deliver a reliable, high payload manipulator that is deployed on an excavator. The TELBOT{sup R} is a seven degree of freedom manipulator, with a 2.7 meter reach and a payload capacity of 100 kg at full reach. It is modular with selectable drives, arm lengths and joint modules. The motors and gears are located in a base behind the arm. Movements are effected by concentric tubes inside the arm links and concentric bevel gears inside the joints. Consequently, there is no wiring either inside or outside the arm and all axes can rotate freely. High-quality materials such as radiation-, acid- and corrosion-resistant materials and a final surface protective treatment are used in the manufacture of the TELBOT{sup R}. This paper will describe the TELBOT{sup R} system used by the German decommissioning program at Karlsruhe. (authors)