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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic studies on Sm0.55Sr0.45Mn0.4Fe0.6O3 single crystals grown by optical floating zone technique

Highlights: • Single crystals of Sm0.55Sr0.45Mn0.4Fe0.6O3 were grown by optical floating zone technique. • Replacement of Mn by iron has suppressed the double exchange interactions and ferromagnetism. • Crystal exhibited spin glass behavior below 35 K due to the competition between the Mn{sup 3+}-O-Mn{sup 4+} double exchange and the Mn{sup 3+}-O-Fe{sup 3+} super exchange interactions. - Abstract: Single crystals of high concentration iron substituted Sm{sub 0.55}Sr{sub 0.45}Mn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 0.6}O{sub 3} were grown by optical floating zone technique in oxygen atmosphere. Analysis of powder X-ray diffraction and Laue patterns revealed single-phase formation and crystal quality respectively. Replacement of Mn by iron has reduced the ratio of trivalent to tetravalent Mn ions thus suppressing the double exchange interactions and ferromagnetism. The grown crystal exhibits spin glass behavior below 35 K due to the competition between the Mn{sup 3+}-O-Mn{sup 4+} double exchange and the Mn{sup 3+}-O-Fe{sup 3+} super exchange interactions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Mesoscopic superconductivity in ultrasmall metallic grains

A nano-scale metallic grain (nanoparticle) with irregular boundaries in which the single-particle dynamics are chaotic is a zero-dimensional system described by the so-called universal Hamiltonian in the limit of a large number of electrons. The interaction part of this Hamiltonian includes a superconducting pairing term and a ferromagnetic exchange term. Spin-orbit scattering breaks spin symmetry and suppresses the exchange interaction term. Of particular interest is the fluctuation-dominated regime, typical of the smallest grains in the experiments, in which the bulk pairing gap is comparable to or smaller than the single-particle mean-level spacing, and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) mean-field theory of superconductivity is no longer valid. Here we study the crossover between the BCS and fluctuation-dominated regimes in two limits. In the absence of spin-orbit scattering, the pairing and exchange interaction terms compete with each other. We describe the signatures of this competition in thermodynamic observables, the heat capacity and spin susceptibility. In the presence of strong spin-orbit scattering, the exchange interaction term can be ignored. We discuss how the magnetic-field response of discrete energy levels in such a nanoparticle is affected by pairing correlations. We identify signatures of pairing correlations in this response, which are detectable even in the fluctuation-dominated regime.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Study of structural, transport and magneto-crystalline anisotropy in La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 (0.30 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) perovskite manganites

In this paper we present structural, transport, magnetic and magneto-crystalline anisotropy of La 1–x Sr x MnO 3 (х = 0.30, 0.33, 0.36, and 0.40) synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples is well indexed to the rhombohedral structure with R 3 - c space group. Lattice parameters and unit cell volume are found to decrease monotonically upon increasing Sr 2+ concentration at La 3+ site. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of Mn 4+ and Mn 3+ , the ratio of which (Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ ) increases from 0.44 to 0.64 with increasing Sr 2+ concentration. From the ρ(T) and M(T) data analysis, we find that T MI and M S are larger for x = 0.33 composition, suggesting a weakening of the double-exchange interaction due to competing super-exchange interactions in x = 0.30, 0.36 and 0.40 samples. We calculated MCA constant (K 1 ) by fitting the saturation magnetisation data at a higher magnetic field using the law of approach model, M = M S [1-a/H-b/H 2 ]-χH with K 1 2 = (105/8)bMs 2 and is in the order of 10 5 erg/cm 3 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Interlayer RKKY coupling in bulk Rashba semiconductors under topological phase transition

The bulk Rashba semiconductors BiTeX (X=I, Cl and Br) with intrinsically enhanced Rashba spin-orbit coupling provide a new platform for investigation of spintronic and magnetic phenomena in materials. We theoretically investigate the interlayer exchange interaction between two ferromagnets deposited on opposite surfaces of a bulk Rashba semiconductor BiTeI in its trivial and topological insulator phases. In the trivial phase BiTeI, we find that for ferromagnets with a magnetization orthogonal to the interface, the exchange coupling is reminiscent of that of a conventional three-dimensional metal. Remarkably, ferromagnets with a magnetization parallel to the interface display a magnetic exchange qualitatively different from that of conventional three-dimensional metal due to the spin-orbit coupling. In this case, the interlayer exchange interaction acquires two periods of oscillations and decays as the inverse of the thickness of the BiTeI layer. For topological BiTeI, the magnetic exchange interaction becomes mediated only by the helical surface states and acts between the one-dimensional spin chains at the edges of the sample. The surface state-mediated interlayer exchange interaction allows for the coupling of ferromagnets with non-collinear magnetization and displays a decay power different from that of trivial BiTeI, allowing the detection of the topological phase transition in this material. Our work provides insights into the magnetic properties of these newly discovered materials and their possible functionalization.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Hole doping and pressure effects on the II-II-V-based diluted magnetic semiconductor ( B a 1 - x K x ) ( Z n 1 - y M n y ) 2 A s 2

We investigate doping- and pressure-induced changes in the electronic state of Mn 3d and As 4p orbitals in II-II-V based diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ba 1-x ,K x )(Zn 1-y ,Mn y ) 2 As 2 to shed light into the mechanism of indirect exchange interactions leading to high ferromagnetic ordering temperature (T c = 230 K in optimally doped samples). A suite of x-ray spectroscopy experiments (emission, absorption and dichroism) show that the emergence, and further enhancement of ferromagnetic interactions with increased hole doping into the As 4p band is accompanied by a decrease in local 3d spin density at Mn sites. This is a result of increasing Mn 3d - As 4p hybridization with hole doping which enhances indirect exchange interactions between Mn dopants and gives rise to induced magnetic polarization in As 4p states. On the contrary, application of pressure suppresses exchange interactions. While Mn Kβ emission spectra show a weak response of 3d state to pressure, clear As 4p band broadening (hole delocalization) is observed under pressure ultimately leading to loss of ferromagnetism concomitant with a semiconductor to metal transition. The pressure response of As 4p and Mn 3d states is intimately connected with the evolution of the As-As interlayer distance and the geometry of the MnAs 4 tetrahedral units, which we probed with X-ray diffraction. Our results indicate that hole doping increases the degree of covalency between the anion (As) p states and cation (Mn) d states in the MnA s4 tetrahedron, a crucial ingredient to promote indirect exchange interactions between Mn dopants and high T c ferromagnetism. As a result, the instability of ferromagnetism and semiconducting state against pressure is mainly dictated by delocalization of anion p states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Phase Transition in Cylindrical Ising Nanowires and Nanotubes: Approximation of the Molecular Field Theory

Within the approximation of the molecular field theory, the critical behavior of cylindrical Ising nanowires and nanotubes is studied. The model considered in this work consists of ferromagnetic spins S{sub c} situated in the core of the system and ferromagnetic spins S{sub s} situated on the surface wall; they are interconnected by the exchange coupling J{sub 1}. The transition temperature T{sub c} for such systems has been calculated as a function of exchange interaction parameters. The influence of the surface exchange interaction and surface coupling on the magnetodynamic behavior of the system have been studied. Some characteristic properties obtained on the phase diagram are related to the ratio of characteristic physical parameters on the surface and core of the abovementioned nanostructures.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mean-field model for the Curie-Weiss temperature dependence of coherence length in metallic liquids

The coherence length of the medium-range order (MRO) in metallic liquids is known to display a Curie-Weiss temperature dependence; its inverse is linearly related to temperature, and when extrapolated from temperatures above the glass transition, the coherence length diverges at a negative temperature with a critical exponent of unity. We propose a mean-field pseudospin model that explains this behavior. Specifically, we model the atoms and their local environment as Ising spins with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. We further superimpose an exchange interaction between dynamical heterogeneities, or clusters of atoms undergoing cooperative motion. The coherence length in the metallic liquid is thus the correlation length between dynamical heterogeneities. Overall, our results reaffirm the idea that the MRO coherence length is a measure of point-to-set correlations, and that local frustrations in the interatomic interactions are prominent in metallic liquids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Quantum logic gates from time-dependent global magnetic field in a system with constant exchange

We propose a method that implements a universal set of one- and two-quantum-bit gates for quantum computation in a system of coupled electron pairs with constant non-diagonal exchange interaction. In our proposal, suppression of the exchange interaction is performed by the continual repetition of single-spin rotations. A small g-factor difference between the electrons allows for addressing qubits and avoiding strong magnetic field pulses. Numerical experiments were performed to show that, to implement the one- and two-qubit operations, it is sufficient to change the strength of the magnetic field by a few Gauss. This introduces one and then the other electron in a resonance. To determine the evolution of the two-qubit system, we use the algorithms of optimal control theory.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

CaMn 2 Sb 2 : Spin waves on a frustrated antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice

We present inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the antiferromagnetic insulator CaMn 2 Sb 2 :, which consists of corrugated honeycomb layers of Mn. The dispersion of magnetic excitations has been measured along the H and L directions in reciprocal space, with a maximum excitation energy of ≈ 24 meV. These excitations are well described by spin waves in a Heisenberg model, including first and second neighbor exchange interactions, J 1 and J 2 , in the Mn plane and also an exchange interaction between planes. The determined ratio J 2 /J 1 ≈ 1/6 suggests that CaMn 2 Sb 2 : is the first example of a compound that lies very close to the mean field tricritical point, known for the classical Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice, where the N´eel phase and two different spiral phases coexist. The magnitude of the determined exchange interactions reveal a mean field ordering temperature ≈ 4 times larger than the reported N´eel temperature T N = 85 K, suggesting significant frustration arising from proximity to the tricritical point.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Intrinsic exchange biased anomalous Hall effect in an uncompensated antiferromagnet MnBi 2 Te 4

Achieving spin-pinning at the interface of hetero-bilayer ferromagnet/antiferromagnet structures in conventional exchange bias systems can be challenging due to difficulties in interface control and the weakening of spin-pinning caused by poor interface quality. In this work, we propose an alternative approach to stabilize the exchange interaction at the interface of an uncompensated antiferromagnet by utilizing a gradient of interlayer exchange coupling. We demonstrate this exchange interaction through a designed field training protocol in the odd-layer topological antiferromagnet MnBi 2 Te 4 . Our results reveal a remarkable field-trained exchange bias of up to ~ 400 mT, which exhibits high repeatability and can be easily reset by a large training field. Notably, this field-trained exchange bias effect persists even with zero-field initialization, presenting a stark contrast to the traditional field-cooled exchange bias. The highly tunable exchange bias observed in this single antiferromagnet compound, without the need for an additional magnetic layer, provides valuable insight into the exchange interaction mechanism. These findings pave the way for the systematic design of topological antiferromagnetic spintronics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Magneto‐Photoluminescence Based on Two‐Photon Excitation in Lanthanide‐Doped Up‐Conversion Crystal Particles

Experimental studies on magneto‐photoluminescence based on two‐photon excitation in up‐conversion Y 2 O 2 S:Er, Yb crystal particles are reported. It is found that the up‐conversion photoluminescence generated by two‐photon excitation exhibits magnetic field effects at room temperature, leading to a two‐photon excitation‐induced magneto‐photoluminescence, when the two‐photon excitation exceeds the critical intensity. By considering the spin selection rule in electronic transitions, it is proposed that spin‐antiparallel and spin‐parallel transition dipoles with spin mixing are accountable for the observed magneto‐photoluminescence. Specifically, the two‐photon excitation generates spin‐antiparallel electric dipoles between 4 S 3/2 – 4 I 15/2 in Er 3+ ions. The antiparallel spins are conserved by exchange interaction within dipoles. When the photoexcitation exceeds the critical intensity, the Coulomb screening can decrease the exchange interaction. Consequently, the spin–orbital coupling can partially convert the antiparallel dipoles into parallel dipoles, generating a spin mixing. Eventually, the populations between antiparallel and parallel dipoles reach an equilibrium established by the competition between exchange interaction and spin–orbital coupling. Applying a magnetic field can break the equilibrium by disturbing spin mixing through introducing spin precessions, changing the spin populations on antiparallel and parallel dipoles and leading to the magneto‐photoluminescence. Therefore, spin‐dependent transition dipoles present a convenient mechanism to realize magneto‐photoluminescence in multiphoton up‐conversion crystal particles.

Xu, Hengxing↗
DOE OSTI2023

Refined spin-wave model and multimagnon bound states in Li 2 CuO 2

Here we report a study of the spin dynamics in the ferromagnetic chain compound Li 2 CuO 2 . Inelastic neutron scattering measurements allow for the spin Hamiltonian to be determined using a J 1 –J 2 XXZ-Heisenberg spin chain model with weak interchain interactions. The primary exchange parameters determined from our data are qualitatively consistent with those of Lorenz et al. [Europhys. Lett. 88, 37002 (2009)], and our data allow for the resolution of additional interchain exchange interactions. We also observe the formation of two- and, potentially, three-magnon bound states. The two-magnon bound state exists only in the magnetically ordered phase of this material, consistent with stabilization by the weak, Ising-like exchange anisotropy of the nearest-neighbor intrachain interaction. In contrast, the potential three-magnon state persists in a finite temperature regime above T N , indicating an unconventional character. Finally, our results establish Li 2 CuO 2 as an experimental platform for the study of exchange anisotropy-stabilized bound states in a ferromagnetic chain.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Magnetic properties and local microstructures in Zn-doped YMnO{sub 3}

The hole doping effect on the magnetic properties of multiferroic YMn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3} was studied through investigating the local microstructures. Polycrystalline YMn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3} samples with x ranging from 0 to 0.22 are synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction patterns reveal that YMn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3} samples with low Zn{sup 2+} doping concentration (x < 0.1) maintain single phase which show hexagonal structure with space group of P6{sub 3}cm. The temperature dependence of magnetization presents that the magnetic moment at low temperature and the FM transition temperature increase with increasing the doping concentration of Zn{sup 2+}. Meanwhile, ferromagnetism induced by Zn{sup 2+} doping is found to become stronger. EXAFS analysis reveals the in-plane Mn-O{sub P} bond length decreases while the out-of-plane Mn-O{sub A} bond length keeps almost constant. The weak FM order is ascribed to order-to-disorder effect resulting from the diluted exchange interaction among Mn{sup 3+} ions and double-exchange interaction between the mixed valence-state of Mn{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 4+} by hole doping of Zn{sup 2+}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Local structural effects in Sr 3 NiRhO 6 across magnetic transitions

Here, we investigate the temperature dependence of the structural parameters of quasi-one-dimensional Sr 3 NiRhO 6 across the region of magnetic phase transitions using Ni K-edge and Sr K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The features in the x-ray absorption near-edge region are identified using multiple scattering calculations. The temperature-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies show that the setting of the intra-chain super exchange interaction starts at ~200 K, which is well above the first transition temperature (45 K) revealed by magnetic susceptibility studies. The onset of the inter-chain super–super exchange interaction appears to be at ~125 K. Interestingly, the role played by direct exchange interaction between the Ni 3d and Rh 4d states in stabilising the magnetic interaction is less significant. The present results shed light on the generic features exhibited by isostructural compounds and may help in identifying the magnetic exchange pathways useful for understanding the unusual properties exhibited by such compounds.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Phase Diagrams in Graphene-like Ising Nanoparticles

The phase diagrams of four graphene-like nanoparticles described by the Ising model are investigated by the use of the effective-field theory with correlations. The particle is represented by a two-dimensional array of spin-1/2 atoms with two types of exchange interactions, J and J{sub S}. The effects of surface exchange interaction J{sub S} on the phase diagrams are examined. We have found some characteristic behaviours.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2014

Mechanism of multi-defect induced ferromagnetism in undoped rutile TiO{sub 2}

Based on first-principles calculations, the coexistence of Ti vacancies (V{sub Ti}) and O vacancies (V{sub O}) is first considered to study the origin of the ferromagnetic ordering in undoped rutile TiO{sub 2}. The calculations show that V{sub O} can induce local magnetic moments in TiO{sub 2}, however, the ferromagnetic (FM) exchange interaction of two V{sub O} is not strong enough to induce room-temperature (RT) ferromagnetism on their own in undoped TiO{sub 2}. The FM coupling between two V{sub Ti} is about four times stronger than that between two V{sub O}. More importantly, the FM coupling between two V{sub Ti} is further enhanced after V{sub O} is introduced. Our results indicate that the electrons induced by V{sub O} mediate the long-range FM exchange interaction between two distant V{sub Ti}. This maybe the ferromagnetism mechanism in undoped TiO{sub 2}: V{sub Ti} produce local moments while the electrons induced by V{sub O} mediated the long-range FM exchange interaction. The results are in excellent agreement with the experimental evidences that V{sub O} alone cannot induce RT ferromagnetism while V{sub O} can promote the ferromagnetic ordering in undoped TiO{sub 2}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Exchange bias effect in Ti doped nanocrystalline SrFeO{sub 3-δ}

Materials of Ti doped nanocrystalline SrFeO{sub 3-δ} were synthesized through solid state reaction. Detailed magnetization measurements were carried out in zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) conditions. Compounds of SrFe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} (x = 0.1 to 0.3) are found to be spin glass and parent compound is a helical antiferromagnet. Non magnetic Ti{sup 4+} reduces the strength of exchange interactions and the curvature of hysteresis is changed towards concave nature. Exchange bias is observed below the peak temperature (irreversibility in magnetization (T{sub Irr})) in ZFC-FC of SrFe{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}O{sub 3-δ} (x = 0 to 0.3). The coercivity and exchange bias field values are found to be decreases with increase in temperature. Observed exchange bias effect is attributed to competition between antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic double exchange interactions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhancing quantum utility: Simulating large-scale quantum spin chains on superconducting quantum computers

We present the quantum simulation of the frustrated quantum spin- 1 2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain with competing nearest-neighbor ( J 1 ) and next-nearest-neighbor ( J 2 ) exchange interactions in the real superconducting quantum computer with qubits ranging up to 100. In particular, we implement the Hamiltonian with the next-nearest neighbor exchange interaction in conjunction with the nearest-neighbor interaction on IBM's superconducting quantum computer and carry out the time evolution of the spin chain by employing the first-order Trotterization. Furthermore, our implementation of the second-order Trotterization for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain, involving only nearest-neighbor exchange interaction, enables precise measurement of the expectation values of staggered magnetization observable across a range of up to 100 qubits. Notably, in both cases, our approach results in a constant circuit depth in each Trotter step, independent of the number of qubits. Our demonstration of the accurate measurement of expectation values for the large-scale quantum system using superconducting quantum computers designates the quantum utility of these devices for investigating various properties of many-body quantum systems. This will be a stepping stone to achieving the quantum advantage over classical ones in simulating quantum systems before the fault tolerance quantum era. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗