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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Time evolution of pulsed far-field patterns of GaAlAs phase-locked laser-diode arrays

The time evolution of pulsed far fields from commercially available gain-guided phase-locked arrays has been studied and compared to experimental results previously obtained by streak camera measurements, and to predictions of coupled-mode theories developed for index- and gain-guided arrays. Although phase locking is evident by 100 ps into the drive pulse, stable operation in a fixed superposition of array modes is not achieved until 1-2 ns after the drive pulse has stabilized.

Forrest, Kathrine A.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Observations in the vicinity of substorm onset: Implications for the substrom process

Multi-instrument data sets from the ground and satellites at both low and high altitude have provided new results concerning substorm onset and its source region in the magnetosphere. Twenty-six out of 37 substorm onset events showed evidence of azimuthally spaced auroral forms (AAFs) prior to the explosive poleward motion associated with optical substorm onset. AAFs can span 8 hours of local time prior to onset and generally propagate eastward in the morning sector. Onset itself is, however, more localized spanning only about 1 hour local time. AAF onset occur during time periods when the solar wind pressure is relatively high. AAFs brighten in conjunction with substorm onset leading to the conclusion that they are a growth phase activity casually related to substorm onset. Precursor activity associated with these AAFs is also seen near geosynchronous orbit altitude and examples show the relationship between the various instrumental definitions of substorm onset. The implied mode number (30 to 135) derived from this work is inconsistent with cavity mode resonances but is consistent with a modified flute/ballooning instability which requires azimuthal pressure gradients. The extended source region and the distance to the open-closed field line region constrain reconnection theory and local mechanisms for substorm onset. It is demonstrated that multiple onset substorms can exist for which localized dipolarizations and the Pi 2 occur simultaneously with tail stretching existing elsewhere. These pseudobreakups can be initiated by auroral streamers which originate at the most poleward set of arc systems and drift to the more equatorward main UV oval. Observations are presented of these AAFs in conjunction with low- and high-altitutde particle and magnetic field data. These place the activations at the interface between dipolar and taillike field lines probably near the peak in the cross-tail current. These onsets are put in the context of a new scenario for substorm morphology which employs individual modules which operate independently or couple together. This allows particular substorm events to be more accurately described and investigated.

Elphinstone, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Ab initio calculations of anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy for hydrogen fluoride (HF)n (n = 3, 4) and mixed hydrogen fluoride/water (HF)n(H2O)n (n = 1, 2, 4) clusters

Anharmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities are computed for hydrogen fluoride clusters (HF)n, with n = 3, 4 and mixed clusters of hydrogen fluoride with water (HF)n(H2O)n where n = 1, 2. For the (HF)4(H2O)4 complex, the vibrational spectra are calculated at the harmonic level, and anharmonic effects are estimated. Potential energy surfaces for these systems are obtained at the MP2/TZP level of electronic structure theory. Vibrational states are calculated from the potential surface points using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field method. The method accounts for the anharmonicities and couplings between all vibrational modes and provides fairly accurate anharmonic vibrational spectra that can be directly compared with experimental results without a need for empirical scaling. For (HF)n, good agreement is found with experimental data. This agreement shows that the Moller-Plesset (MP2) potential surfaces for these systems are reasonably reliable. The accuracy is best for the stiff intramolecular modes, which indicates the validity of MP2 in describing coupling between intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom. For (HF)n(H2O)n experimental results are unavailable. The computed intramolecular frequencies show a strong dependence on cluster size. Intensity features are predicted for future experiments.

Water/chemistry↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Spectral Mass-Gauging of Propellant Tanks

An overview of our recent results on the development of Spectral Mass-Gauging (SMG) technology for model-free gauging of propellants in microgravity applications will be presented. The technology is based on application a rigorous result from spectral theory – the Weyl’s Law – which relates the counting function of natural modes in a resonator with its volume. Development of the SMG includes theory of acoustic response of propellant tank, hardware and procedure characterization and optimization, development of data pre-processing approaches and software for automatic mode identification and counting. Main accomplishments in each field of the technology development will be presented. SMG has been tested recently in 1-g on a flight tank filled with water or LN2. We will present results of the tests and discuss their implications for the technology development. The presentation will conclude with a summary of the next steps in the technology maturation.

Mass-gauging↗
NASA NTRS2009

A Finite Element Theory for Predicting the Attenuation of Extended-Reacting Liners

A non-modal finite element theory for predicting the attenuation of an extended-reacting liner containing a porous facesheet and located in a no-flow duct is presented. The mathematical approach is to solve separate wave equations in the liner and duct airway and to couple these two solutions by invoking kinematic constraints at the facesheet that are consistent with a continuum theory of fluid motion. Given the liner intrinsic properties, a weak Galerkin finite element formulation with cubic polynomial basis functions is used as the basis for generating a discrete system of acoustic equations that are solved to obtain the coupled acoustic field. A state-of-the-art, asymmetric, parallel, sparse equation solver is implemented that allows tens of thousands of grid points to be analyzed. A grid refinement study is presented to show that the predicted attenuation converges. Excellent comparison of the numerically predicted attenuation to that of a mode theory (using a Haynes 25 metal foam liner) is used to validate the computational approach. Simulations are also presented for fifteen porous plate, extended-reacting liners. The construction of some of the porous plate liners suggest that they should behave as resonant liners while the construction of others suggest that they should behave as broadband attenuators. In each case the finite element theory is observed to predict the proper attenuation trend.

Watson, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Evidence of a primordial solar wind

A model is reviewed which requires a T Tauri 'wind' and at the same time encompasses certain early-object stellar features. The theory rests on electromagnetic induction driven by the 'wind'. Plasma confinement of the induced field prohibits a scattered field, and all energy loss is via ohmic heating in the scatterer (i.e., planetary objects). Two modes, one caused by the interplanetary electric field (transverse magnetic) and the other by time variations in the interplanetary magnetic field (transverse electric) are present. Parent body melting, lunar surface melting, and a primordial magnetic field are components of the proposed model.

Sonett, C. P.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Mixed-Mode-Bending Delamination Apparatus

Mixed-mode-bending delamination apparatus generates two types of delamination stress simultaneously in specimen from single externally applied point load. In technique, indivial mode I and mode II contributions to delamination in specimen analyzed by use of simple beam-theory equations, eliminating need for time-consuming, difficult numerical analysis. Allows wider range of mode I/mode II ratios than possible with many other methods. Mixed-mode delamination testing of interest in all fields utilizing composite materials, used mostly in aerospace field, but also used in automobiles, lightweight armored military vehicles, boats, and sporting equipment. Useful in general lumber, plywood, and adhesive industries, as well.

Crews, John H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Theory of small-scale density and electric field fluctuations in the nightside Venus ionosphere

Recently, it has been reported that small-scale (lambda about 0.1-2 km) density irregularities occur during 100-Hz electric field bursts in the nightside ionosphere of Venus. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the lower-hybrid-drift instability as a mechanism to generate the observed irregularities. A fully electromagnetic theory is developed that is relevant to the finite beta plasma in Venus's ionosphere and includes collisional effects (e.g., electron-ion, electron-neutral, and ion-neutral collisions). The key features of the analysis that favor this instability are the following: (1) it is a flute mode and propagates orthogonal to the ambient magnetic field; (2) it is a relatively short wavelength mode and the Doppler-shifted frequency can be greater than about 100 Hz; (3) it can produce both electric field and density fluctuations, as well as magnetic field fluctuations in a finite beta plasma; and (4) it is most unstable in low-beta plasmas so that it is likely to occur in the low-density, high-magnetic-field ionospheric holes. These features are consistent with observational results.

Huba, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Possible fluid dynamical interpretation of some reported features in the Jovian atmosphere

A fluid dynamical interpretation is presented of the two major types of disturbance found in the southern hemisphere of Jupiter by the Voyager 1 imaging data. The observed features always occur together, and consist of a compact elliptically shaped formation having an anticyclonic flow which is poleward of a pair of more elongated cyclonic structures, as in the Great Red Spot and the white ovals. It is noted that the anticyclonic features at 41 deg S may be described by the cnoidal wave solutions to the appropriate nonlinear evolution equation, and that flow patterns derived in the vicinity of the Great Red Spot and white ovals are strikingly similar to those obtained for the flow around a solitary wave of the type than can exist in a zonal flow such as that found in the Jupiter atmosphere. Results of computations in terms of solitary wave theory of flow fields in the atmospheric structure and zonal velocity profiles determined from Voyager infrared spectroscopy and radiometry data are then presented which show that the pattern must be a singular solitary wave mode, the east-west structure of which is best described by the Korteweg-de-Vries equation

Maxworthy, T.↗
NASA NTRS1982

An experimental study of small-amplitude drop oscillations in immiscible liquid systems

Measurements of the characteristics of small-amplitude shape oscillations of drops immersed in a host liquid have been carried out by acoustical means. The resonance frequencies of the first few modes have been measured, as well as the damping constant for the fundamental mode, as functions of the drop radius and viscosities of the two liquids. A qualitative photographic study during steady oscillations has revealed a simple internal fluid-particle flow field with no circulation. The theory available at the present time has been found to provide results which are in general agreement with experimental findings for low-viscosity liquids.

Trinh, E.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Enhancement of wave growth for warm plasmas with a high-energy tail distribution

The classical linear theory of electromagnetic wave growth in a warm plasma is considered for waves propagating parallel to a uniform ambient magnetic field. Wave-growth rates are calculated for ion-driven right-hand mode waves for Kappa and Maxwellian particle distribution functions and for various values of the spectral index, the temperature anisotropy, and the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure appropriate to the solar wind. When the anisotropy is low the wave growth is limited to frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency and the growth rate increases dramatically as the spectral index is reduced. The growth rate for any Kappa distribution greatly exceeds that for a Maxwellian with the same bulk properties. For large thermal anisotropy the growth rate from either distribution is greatly enhanced. The growth rates from a Kappa distribution are generally larger than for a Maxwellian distribution, and significant wave growth occurs over a broader range of frequencies.

Thorne, Richard M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Multiple periodicities in the solar magnetic field - Possible origin in a multiple-mode solar dynamo

The solar magnetic field is generated in an oscillatory mode with a 22 yr full period and gives rise to the 11 yr sunspot cycle. However, analyses of contemporary solar records, as well as other surrogate indicators of solar activity, suggest the presence also of longer term periodicities in the solar magnetic cycle. This paper suggests that the solar dynamo can operate in a multiply periodic state, with several periodicites being generated simultaneously at different depths in the convection zone. A simple two-layer model of the solar convection zone is used to illustrate the physical mechanism of spatially localized, multiple-periodicity-mode dynamo regeneration. The two layers are characterized by differences in their respective turbulent magnetic diffusivities. Although the magnetic modes interact with one another, each mode is produced large in one layer or the other, and has an oscillation period approximately equal to the time characteristic of magnetic diffusion across the layer. The observed complicated periodicity pattern in the solar magnetic field could be a combination of two (or more) dynamo modes generated in this manner. The calculations are carried out using a differential rotation model consistent with recent helioseismological measurements, illustrating the challenge to dynamo theory raised by those observational results.

Boyer, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Ab Initio Calculations of Anharmonic Vibrational Spectroscopy for Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)n (n=3,4) and Mixed Hydrogen Fluoride/Water (HF)n(H20)n (n=1,2,4) Clusters

Anharmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities are computed for hydrogen fluoride clusters (HF)n with n=3,4 and mixed clusters of hydrogen fluoride with water (HF)n(H2O)n where n=1,2. For the (HF)4(H2O)4 complex, the vibrational spectra are calculated at the harmonic level, and anharmonic effects are estimated. Potential energy surfaces for these systems are obtained at the MP2/TZP level of electronic structure theory. Vibrational states are calculated from the potential surface points using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field (CC-VSCF) method. The method accounts for the anharmonicities and couplings between all vibrational modes and provides fairly accurate anharmonic vibrational spectra that can be directly compared with experimental results without a need for empirical scaling. For (HF)n, good agreement is found with experimental data. This agreement shows that the MP2 potential surfaces for these systems are reasonably reliable. The accuracy is best for the stiff intramolecular modes, which indicates the validity of MP2 in describing coupling between intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom. For (HF)n(H2O)n experimental results are unavailable. The computed intramolecular frequencies show a strong dependence on cluster size. Intensity features are predicted for future experiments.

Chaban, Galina M.↗
NASA NTRS1971

A study of the electromagnetic interaction between planetary bodies and the solar wind

Theoretical and computational techniques were developed for calculating the time dependent electromagnetic response of a radially inhomogeneous moon. The techniques were used to analyze the experimental data from the LSM (lunar surface magnetometer) thus providing an in-depth diagnostic of the Lunar interior. The theory was also incorporated into an existing computer code designed to calculate the thermal evolution of planetary bodies. The program will provide a tool for examining the effect of heating from the TE mode (poloidal magnetic field) as well as the TM mode (toroidal magnetic field).

Schwartz, K.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Tearing modes at the magnetopause

This paper examines the possible occurrence of tearing modes in the dayside magnetopause. First, the expected magnetic signature of tearing, as obtained from existing theory, is reviewed. Magnetometer data from one terrestrial magnetopause crossing of Jupiter's magnetopause are then examined in detail. Magnetic field oscillations are found in three subsegments of the terrestrial crossing at a frequency of 0.1-0.2 Hz and with peak amplitudes of 5-10 nanotesla (nT), and in one segment of the Jovian crossing, at 0.05-0.1 Hz and with 2-nT amplitude. The frequency range, as well as the orientation of the magnetic field perturbation vectors, agrees with a model in which tearing-produced magnetic islands are convected past the satellite with the plasma flow in the current layer. In both cases the magnetopause structure was of the rotational discontinuity type with a nonvanishing normal magnetic field component. Hence, if the tearing structures were active, i.e., growing, at the observation site, ion tearing (or perhaps resistive tearing, with the resistivity provided by microturbulence) must be invoked. But it is also possible that the structures were passive, consisting of 'debris' from active tearing elswhere on the magnetopause surface, this debris being convected along the magnetopause past the observation site.

Greenly, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Deceleration of infalling plasma in the atmospheres of accreting neutron stars. I - Isothermal atmospheres

The stopping of infalling protons in a strong magnetic field is studied in detail using linear response theory and a Monte Carlo code. The calculations include both Coulomb collisions with atmospheric electrons and collective forces due to the resonant excitation of the atmospheric electron plasma modes by the impinging protons. Graphs are presented showing how both energy and momentum are deposited in the atmosphere by the flow. A striking dependence of the deceleration on the temperature is found which distinguishes the magnetic from the nonmagnetic process.

Miller, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Physics of Boundaries and Their Interactions in Space Plasmas

This report describes the work done by SciberNet, Inc. during the month of January. During this time, we primarily worked on further analysis of the results presented at the AGU as well as writing them up for publication. Using large scale simulations, we showed that the magnetopause during the southward IMF case is quite irregular with varying thickness, and has a complex flow pattern owing to the nonlinear effects of the convective flow superimposed on the flows generated in the reconnection layer. We used inflow-outflow boundary conditions to examine the kinetic nature of the discontinuities that are formed in the reconnection layer and concluded that nonlocal effects play a major role in the formation of such discontinuities and can alter their properties from the usual structures expected from 1-D simulations or from fluid theories. Finally, we used our 3-D simulations to examine the nonlinear interaction of the tearing mode with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. We showed that this interaction leads to the generation of a large core field which is observed both in the magnetotail as well as the magnetopause.

Omidi, Nojan↗
NASA NTRS1981

Edge delamination in angle-ply composite laminates

Edge delamination has caused severe concern in the design and analysis of advanced composite materials and structures. Due to its complex nature, very limited knowledge for the problem is currently available. It involves not only geometric and material discontinuities but also inherently coupled mode I, II and III fracture in the layered anisotropic system. Based on complex-variable stress potentials in the anisotropic elasticity theory and eigenfunction expansion, exact orders of the crack-tip stress singularity and complete field solutions are obtained. Results are given for edge delaminated, angle-ply composites subjected to uniform axial extension for illustrative purposes. Effects of geometric, lamination, and crack variables are determined.

Wang, S. S.↗