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DOE OSTI2022

Metal–Metal Oxide Catalytic Interface Formation and Structural Evolution: A Discovery of Strong Metal–Support Bonding, Ordered Intermetallics, and Single Atoms

In-depth investigation of metal–metal oxide interactions and their corresponding evolution is of paramount importance to heterogeneous catalysis as it allows the understanding and maneuvering of the structure of catalytic motifs. Herein, using a series of core/shell metal/iron oxide (M/FeO x , M = Pd, Pt, Au) nanoparticles and through a combination of in situ and ex situ electron and X-ray investigations, we revealed anomalous and dissimilar M–FeO x interactions among different systems under reducing conditions. Further, Pd interacts strongly with FeO x after high-temperature reductive treatment, featured by the formation of Pd single atoms in the FeO x matrix and increased Pd–Fe bonding, while Pt transforms into ordered PtFe intermetallics and Pt single atoms immediately upon the coating of FeO x . In contrast, Au does not manifest strong bonding with FeO x . As a proof of concept of tailoring metal–metal oxide interactions for catalysis, optimized Pd/FeO x demonstrates 100% conversion and 86.5% selectivity at 60 °C for acetylene semihydrogenation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Understanding the Active Site Structures and Achieving Catalytic Activity Tuning of Atomically Dispersed FeN 4 Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Atomically dispersed Fe–—N—C catalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity have attracted great attention since the last decade. Due to comparable ORR activity and low material cost, they are promising platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts that can replace the commercialized Pt/C materials; furthermore, it can facilitate the efficiency of the fuel cell technologies and mitigate dependence on fossil fuels. Great advancements have been made to experimentally optimize the synthesis approach of the Fe–—N—C catalysts, enhance the ORR activity, and improve the catalyst stability. Similarly, recent theoretical studies also provide enriched understanding of the active site structures, properties, and reaction mechanisms. In this review, discussions are made upon utilizing combined experimental and computational spectroscopy to reveal the active site structures, employing mechanistic studies to investigate reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, as well as developing scaling relationships to assist the design and development of future PGM-free catalyst materials. Furthermore, recent advances in studying Fe–—N—C catalysts utilizing electrified surface models and explicit solvation models are also discussed. Not only can these aspects improve the accuracy of theoretical simulation and predictions but also deepen the understanding of the catalyst properties and reaction mechanisms under the effect of surface charges and solvent molecules.

Fe single-atom catalysts↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm4Fe27Co7C2 by Materials Project

Sm4Fe27Co7C2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Sm sites. In the first Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to ten Fe, four Co, and one C atom. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.32 Å. There are a spread of Sm–Co bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.34 Å. The Sm–C bond length is 2.55 Å. In the second Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to eleven Fe, three Co, and one C atom. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.31 Å. There are one shorter (3.27 Å) and two longer (3.34 Å) Sm–Co bond lengths. The Sm–C bond length is 2.56 Å. In the third Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to eleven Fe, three Co, and one C atom. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.30 Å. There are one shorter (3.27 Å) and two longer (3.34 Å) Sm–Co bond lengths. The Sm–C bond length is 2.56 Å. In the fourth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to eleven Fe, three Co, and one C atom. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.03–3.30 Å. There are one shorter (3.27 Å) and two longer (3.34 Å) Sm–Co bond lengths. The Sm–C bond length is 2.55 Å. There are seventeen inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe, two equivalent Co, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.55 Å) and one longer (2.67 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.48 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.93 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe, two equivalent Co, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.47 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm, seven Fe, and two Co atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra that share corners with five CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with seven FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with three CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with three CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 66–70°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.67 Å. There are one shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.48 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm, seven Fe, and two Co atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra that share corners with five CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with seven FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with three CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with three CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 66–70°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.67 Å. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.47 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe, two equivalent Co, and one C atom. There are two shorter (2.56 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.48 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Fe, three Co, and one C atom. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.55 Å. There are two shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.64 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm, six Fe, and three Co atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe6Co3 cuboctahedra that share corners with five CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with seven FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with three CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, faces with three CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 66–70°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.67 Å. There are a spread of Fe–Co bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.63 Å. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm, seven Fe, and two Co atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra that share corners with five CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with seven FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with three CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with three CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 66–70°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.67 Å. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.47 Å. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe, two equivalent Co, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.74 Å. Both Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.44 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.85 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe, three Co, and one C atom. There are two shorter (2.47 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. There are two shorter (2.44 Å) and one longer (2.74 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.84 Å. In the eleventh Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Sm, eight Fe, and two Co atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.75 Å. There are one shorter (2.43 Å) and one longer (2.44 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. In the twelfth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Sm, seven Fe, and three Co atoms. There are one shorter (2.49 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. There are a spread of Fe–Co bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.73 Å. In the thirteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Sm, seven Fe, and three Co atoms. There are one shorter (2.50 Å) and one longer (2.73 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. There are a spread of Fe–Co bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.75 Å. In the fourteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Sm, eight Fe, and two Co atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.75 Å. There are one shorter (2.43 Å) and one longer (2.44 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. In the fifteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Sm, ten Fe, and three Co atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.36 Å. All Fe–Co bond lengths are 2.64 Å. In the sixteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to one Sm, ten Fe, and three Co atoms. There are one shorter (2.64 Å) and two longer (2.65 Å) Fe–Co bond lengths. In the seventeenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Sm, nine Fe, and four Co atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Co bond distances ranging from 2.33–2.66 Å. There are five inequivalent Co sites. In the first Co site, Co is bonded to two Sm, nine Fe, and one Co atom to form distorted CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra that share corners with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with four CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and faces with four CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. The Co–Co bond length is 2.63 Å. In the second Co site, Co is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form distorted CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, corners with four CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and faces with four CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. In the third Co site, Co is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form distorted CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with four CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with eight FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. In the fourth Co site, Co is bonded to two Sm, nine Fe, and one Co atom to form distorted CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra that share corners with four CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, corners with eight FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The Co–Co bond length is 2.65 Å. In the fifth Co site, Co is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Sm, ten Fe, and three Co atoms. There are two inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with two CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, corners with eight FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent CoSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. In the second C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with two CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra, corners with eight FeSm3Fe7Co2 cuboctahedra, faces with four FeSm3Fe6Co3 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent CoSm2Fe9Co cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y2Fe17CN by Materials Project

Y2Fe17CN crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to nine Fe, one C, and one N atom. There are a spread of Y–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.34 Å. The Y–C bond length is 2.52 Å. The Y–N bond length is 2.45 Å. There are ten inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.64 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one N atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.65 Å. The Fe–N bond length is 1.92 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to three equivalent Y and nine Fe atoms to form FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, a faceface with one CY2Fe4 octahedra, and a faceface with one NY2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–70°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.67 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Y and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.38–2.75 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Y and ten Fe atoms to form FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are two shorter (2.44 Å) and two longer (2.45 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Y and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are two shorter (2.43 Å) and two longer (2.44 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Y and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with ten FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.43 Å) and two longer (2.44 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.46 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.84 Å. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one N atom. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.49 Å. The Fe–N bond length is 1.88 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Y and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra, corners with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra, an edgeedge with one CY2Fe4 octahedra, an edgeedge with one NY2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with nine FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–29°. C is bonded to two equivalent Y and four Fe atoms to form CY2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent NY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two equivalent FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 62°. N is bonded to two equivalent Y and four Fe atoms to form NY2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeY3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two equivalent FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeY2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 62°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg14FeW by Materials Project

Mg14WFe crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are seven inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form MgMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, and faces with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.00–3.20 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form MgMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.20 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded to eight Mg, two equivalent W, and two equivalent Fe atoms to form distorted MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, and faces with four MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.91–3.03 Å. There are one shorter (3.03 Å) and one longer (3.21 Å) Mg–W bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.10 Å) and one longer (3.14 Å) Mg–Fe bond lengths. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form MgMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, corners with ten MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra, edges with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.99–3.25 Å. In the fifth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Mg, one W, and one Fe atom. The Mg–W bond length is 2.90 Å. The Mg–Fe bond length is 2.87 Å. In the sixth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Mg and one Fe atom. The Mg–Fe bond length is 2.86 Å. In the seventh Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to five Mg and one W atom. The Mg–W bond length is 2.92 Å. W is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Fe atoms to form WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, and faces with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra. Both W–Fe bond lengths are 3.00 Å. Fe is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent W atoms to form FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeMg10W2 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent MgMg8Fe2W2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent WMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with six MgMg12 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Mechanistic insight into the active centers of single/dual-atom Ni/Fe-based oxygen electrocatalysts

Single-atom catalysts with maximum metal utilization efficiency show great potential for sustainable catalytic applications and fundamental mechanistic studies. We here provide a convenient molecular tailoring strategy based on graphitic carbon nitride as support for the rational design of single-site and dual-site single-atom catalysts. Catalysts with single Fe sites exhibit impressive oxygen reduction reaction activity with a half-wave potential of 0.89 V vs. RHE. We find that the single Ni sites are favorable to promote the key structural reconstruction into bridging Ni-O-Fe bonds in dual-site NiFe SAC. Meanwhile, the newly formed Ni-O-Fe bonds create spin channels for electron transfer, resulting in a significant improvement of the oxygen evolution reaction activity with an overpotential of 270 mV at 10 mA cm –2 . We further reveal that the water oxidation reaction follows a dual-site pathway through the deprotonation of *OH at both Ni and Fe sites, leading to the formation of bridging O 2 atop the Ni-O-Fe sites.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm4CrFe33C4 by Materials Project

Sm4CrFe33C4 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Sm sites. In the first Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to eight Fe and two C atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.40 Å. Both Sm–C bond lengths are 2.54 Å. In the second Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to nine Fe and two C atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.39 Å. There are one shorter (2.54 Å) and one longer (2.55 Å) Sm–C bond lengths. In the third Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to nine Fe and two C atoms. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.40 Å. There are one shorter (2.54 Å) and one longer (2.55 Å) Sm–C bond lengths. In the fourth Sm site, Sm is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cr, eight Fe, and two C atoms. The Sm–Cr bond length is 3.20 Å. There are a spread of Sm–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.01–3.43 Å. There are one shorter (2.54 Å) and one longer (2.55 Å) Sm–C bond lengths. Cr is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Sm and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Cr–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.75 Å. There are thirty-three inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.69 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm, one Cr, and eight Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–71°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.68 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.56 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.65 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.65 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.56 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.69 Å. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Sm and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 62–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.68 Å. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.64 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.56 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the eleventh Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.56 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the twelfth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to five Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.46–2.65 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the thirteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.46 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.85 Å. In the fourteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.74 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.86 Å. In the fifteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.45–2.75 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.86 Å. In the sixteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.49 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.86 Å. In the seventeenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm, one Cr, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with nine FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–29°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.68 Å. In the eighteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with nine FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–29°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.74 Å. In the nineteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are one shorter (2.43 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.85 Å. In the twentieth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.75 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.86 Å. In the twenty-first Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with nine FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–29°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.72 Å. In the twenty-second Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm, one Cr, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, corners with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with three FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with nine FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 22–28°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.72 Å. In the twenty-third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.75 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.86 Å. In the twenty-fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cr, four Fe, and one C atom. There are one shorter (2.43 Å) and one longer (2.45 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.85 Å. In the twenty-fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are one shorter (2.65 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the twenty-sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm, one Cr, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–48°. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.67 Å. In the twenty-seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm, one Cr, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–48°. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.68 Å. In the twenty-eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are one shorter (2.64 Å) and one longer (2.65 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the twenty-ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, edges with two FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with ten FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.65 Å. In the thirtieth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Sm, one Cr, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, edges with two FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with ten FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, and faces with four CSm2Fe4 octahedra. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.69 Å. In the thirty-first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Cr and six Fe atoms. In the thirty-second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sm and thirteen Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.38 Å. In the thirty-third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sm and thirteen Fe atoms. There are four inequivalent C sites. In the first C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeSm3CrFe8 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. In the second C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeSm3Fe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 63–64°. In the third C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 63°. In the fourth C site, C is bonded to two Sm and four Fe atoms to form CSm2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with ten FeSm2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two CSm2Fe4 octahedra, edges with two FeSm2CrFe9 cuboctahedr

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YVFe11H by Materials Project

YVFe11H crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Y is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one V, ten Fe, and two equivalent H atoms. The Y–V bond length is 3.17 Å. There are a spread of Y–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.24 Å. Both Y–H bond lengths are 2.36 Å. V is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Y and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of V–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.26–2.87 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one H atom. There are four shorter (2.43 Å) and two longer (2.59 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–H bond length is 1.92 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent V, six Fe, and one H atom. There are four shorter (2.42 Å) and two longer (2.60 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–H bond length is 1.94 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one V, six Fe, and one H atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.62 Å. The Fe–H bond length is 1.90 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Y, one V, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten equivalent FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent HY2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four equivalent FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent HY2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 68–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.60 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one V and eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.88 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Y, two equivalent V, and eleven Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.38 Å. H is bonded to two equivalent Y and four Fe atoms to form HY2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent HY2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight equivalent FeY2VFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Lu2Fe17C3 by Materials Project

Lu2Fe17C3 crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Lu is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to four Fe and three equivalent C atoms. There are one shorter (3.08 Å) and three longer (3.30 Å) Lu–Fe bond lengths. All Lu–C bond lengths are 2.47 Å. There are four inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Lu and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.71 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Fe and one C atom. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.44 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.85 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Fe and one C atom. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.46 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Lu and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeLu2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeLu2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra, faces with four equivalent FeLu2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. C is bonded to two equivalent Lu and four Fe atoms to form CLu2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeLu2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent FeLu2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NdSmFe17N3 by Materials Project

SmNdFe17N3 crystallizes in the trigonal R3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to four Fe and three equivalent N atoms. There are one shorter (3.11 Å) and three longer (3.35 Å) Sm–Fe bond lengths. All Sm–N bond lengths are 2.50 Å. Nd is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to four Fe and three equivalent N atoms. There are one shorter (3.12 Å) and three longer (3.35 Å) Nd–Fe bond lengths. All Nd–N bond lengths are 2.54 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Fe and one N atom. There are two shorter (2.48 Å) and one longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–N bond length is 1.92 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Fe and one N atom. There are two shorter (2.48 Å) and one longer (2.67 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–N bond length is 1.91 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to four Fe and one N atom. There are two shorter (2.45 Å) and two longer (2.73 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–N bond length is 1.90 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to one Sm, one Nd, and ten Fe atoms to form distorted FeNdSmFe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeNdSmFe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent NNdSmFe4 octahedra, faces with four equivalent FeNdSmFe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent NNdSmFe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are one shorter (2.67 Å) and one longer (2.68 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Nd and thirteen Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.36 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Sm and thirteen Fe atoms. N is bonded to one Sm, one Nd, and four Fe atoms to form NNdSmFe4 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeNdSmFe10 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent NNdSmFe4 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent FeNdSmFe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Facile integration of giant exchange bias in Fe 5 Ge Te 2 / oxide heterostructures by atomic layer deposition

Exchange bias arises from the interfacial exchange coupling in ferromagnet-antiferromagnet bilayers and manifests as a horizontal shift of the magnetic hysteresis loop, constituting a critical component underpinning a broad range of magnetoresistive logic and memory devices. The facile implementation of exchange bias in van der Waals (vdW) magnets would be a key step towards practical devices for emerging vdW spintronics. Here, in this paper, we report an easy approach to establishing strong exchange bias in the vdW magnet Fe 5 GeTe 2 by a single-step process—atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxides on Fe 5 GeTe 2 . We successfully created exchange bias of 300–1500 Oe in Fe 5 GeTe 2 /Al 2 O 3 , Fe 5 GeTe 2 /ZnO, and Fe 5 GeTe 2 /V 2 O 5 heterostructures, at 130 K. Control experiments showed that increasing the oxidant pulse duration in each ALD cycle or utilizing the stronger oxidant O 3 can enhance the exchange bias strength, revealing the key role of the ALD oxidants. Our systematic work elucidates the essential role of ALD-enabled oxidization of Fe 5 GeTe 2 in the formation of exchange bias, and establishes ALD of oxides as a facile, controllable, and generally effective approach to creating giant exchange bias in vdW magnets, representing an integral advance towards practical vdW spintronic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on DyTiFe11C by Materials Project

DyTiFe11C crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Dy is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ti, ten Fe, and two equivalent C atoms. The Dy–Ti bond length is 3.18 Å. There are a spread of Dy–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.30 Å. Both Dy–C bond lengths are 2.43 Å. Ti is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Dy and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.35–2.94 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.46 Å) and two longer (2.63 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.90 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.48 Å) and two longer (2.65 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.70 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.89 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Dy, one Ti, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten equivalent FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CDy2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four equivalent FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CDy2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.63 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ti and eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Dy, two equivalent Ti, and eleven Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.42 Å. C is bonded to two equivalent Dy and four Fe atoms to form CDy2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CDy2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight equivalent FeDy2TiFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LuTiFe11C by Materials Project

LuTiFe11C crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Lu is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ti, ten Fe, and two equivalent C atoms. The Lu–Ti bond length is 3.17 Å. There are a spread of Lu–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.05–3.29 Å. Both Lu–C bond lengths are 2.40 Å. Ti is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Lu and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.92 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.45 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.89 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.47 Å) and two longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.90 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.67 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.88 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Lu, one Ti, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten equivalent FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four equivalent FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.62 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ti and eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.96 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Lu, two equivalent Ti, and eleven Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.43 Å. C is bonded to two equivalent Lu and four Fe atoms to form CLu2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CLu2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight equivalent FeLu2TiFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ErTiFe11C by Materials Project

ErTiFe11C crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Er is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ti, ten Fe, and two equivalent C atoms. The Er–Ti bond length is 3.16 Å. There are a spread of Er–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.29 Å. Both Er–C bond lengths are 2.42 Å. Ti is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Er and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.94 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.46 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.89 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.48 Å) and two longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.90 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.69 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.88 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Er, one Ti, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten equivalent FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CEr2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four equivalent FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CEr2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.63 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ti and eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Er, two equivalent Ti, and eleven Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.43 Å. C is bonded to two equivalent Er and four Fe atoms to form CEr2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CEr2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight equivalent FeEr2TiFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on TbTiFe11C by Materials Project

TbTiFe11C crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tb is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ti, ten Fe, and two equivalent C atoms. The Tb–Ti bond length is 3.17 Å. There are a spread of Tb–Fe bond distances ranging from 3.07–3.30 Å. Both Tb–C bond lengths are 2.44 Å. Ti is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Tb and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ti–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.95 Å. There are six inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to six Fe and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.46 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.89 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are four shorter (2.48 Å) and two longer (2.65 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.91 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ti, six Fe, and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.71 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.89 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to two equivalent Tb, one Ti, and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten equivalent FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CTb2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four equivalent FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CTb2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 67–69°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.63 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ti and eight Fe atoms. All Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.98 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to one Tb, two equivalent Ti, and eleven Fe atoms. The Fe–Fe bond length is 2.41 Å. C is bonded to two equivalent Tb and four Fe atoms to form CTb2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CTb2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight equivalent FeTb2TiFe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LiFeP4O13 by Materials Project

LiFeP4O13 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one LiFeP4O13 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are four inequivalent Li sites. In the first Li site, Li is bonded in a water-like geometry to two O atoms. There is one shorter (1.86 Å) and one longer (1.95 Å) Li–O bond length. In the second Li site, Li is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.03 Å. In the third Li site, Li is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.02 Å. In the fourth Li site, Li is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.96 Å. There are four inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.05 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.98–2.06 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.02 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.04 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.60 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the third P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. In the fourth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 46°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.63 Å. In the fifth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.48–1.61 Å. In the sixth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–51°. There is three shorter (1.53 Å) and one longer (1.62 Å) P–O bond length. In the seventh P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.60 Å. In the eighth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 44°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.61 Å. In the ninth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–49°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.63 Å. In the tenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the eleventh P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.50–1.61 Å. In the twelfth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.62 Å. In the thirteenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–43°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.64 Å. In the fourteenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–45°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. In the fifteenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.49–1.63 Å. In the sixteenth P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two FeO6 octahedra and a cornercorner with one PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–48°. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.52–1.62 Å. There are fifty-two inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li and one P atom. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the twenty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the thirtieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the thirty-first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the thirty-second O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the thirty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the thirty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the thirty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fortieth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the forty-first O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-second O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Li and one P atom. In the forty-third O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the forty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the forty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the forty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two P atoms. In the forty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the forty-ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fiftieth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Fe and one P atom. In the fifty-first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the fifty-second O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Li and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Fe4C by Materials Project

Fe4C is Iron carbide structured and crystallizes in the cubic P-43m space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one carbanide;iron molecule. Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C atom. The Fe–C bond length is 1.79 Å. C is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent Fe atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ho2Fe17C by Materials Project

Ho2Fe17C crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Ho sites. In the first Ho site, Ho is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to twelve Fe and two equivalent C atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.29 Å. Both Ho–C bond lengths are 2.49 Å. In the second Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to twenty Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.94–3.19 Å. In the third Ho site, Ho is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to ten Fe and two equivalent C atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.38 Å. Both Ho–C bond lengths are 2.46 Å. In the fourth Ho site, Ho is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eighteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Ho–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.32 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Ho and ten Fe atoms to form FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, a cornercorner with one CHo2Fe4 octahedra, edges with four FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with nine FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CHo2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 40°. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.62 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to two Ho and ten Fe atoms to form FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with four FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CHo2Fe4 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.44–2.64 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to seven Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.53–2.70 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.84 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to seven Fe and one C atom. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.71 Å. The Fe–C bond length is 1.84 Å. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Ho and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.56–2.76 Å. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Ho and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.78 Å. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Ho and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.43–2.78 Å. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two Ho and ten Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.76 Å. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ho and thirteen Fe atoms. There are a spread of Fe–Fe bond distances ranging from 2.37–2.69 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ho and thirteen Fe atoms. There are one shorter (2.40 Å) and three longer (2.66 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. In the eleventh Fe site, Fe is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Ho, seven Fe, and one C atom. There are one shorter (2.48 Å) and one longer (2.50 Å) Fe–Fe bond lengths. The Fe–C bond length is 1.92 Å. In the twelfth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Ho and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with nine FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent CHo2Fe4 octahedra, edges with eight FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with six FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 66°. Both Fe–Fe bond lengths are 2.47 Å. In the thirteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Ho and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with eleven FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, a cornercorner with one CHo2Fe4 octahedra, edges with five FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with nine FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one CHo2Fe4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 42°. In the fourteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to three Ho and nine Fe atoms to form distorted FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra that share corners with fifteen FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, edges with four FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, faces with eight FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, and faces with two equivalent CHo2Fe4 octahedra. C is bonded to two Ho and four Fe atoms to form CHo2Fe4 octahedra that share corners with eight FeHo2Fe10 cuboctahedra, corners with two equivalent CHo2Fe4 octahedra, and faces with eight FeHo3Fe9 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 62°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗