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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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247 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Relithiation process for direct regeneration of cathode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries

A method for the regeneration of cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries is provided. The method includes dissolving a lithium precursor in a polyhydric alcohol to form a solution. Degraded cathode material containing lithium metal oxides are dispersed into the solution under mechanical stirring, forming a mixture. The mixture is heat treated within a reactor vessel or microwave oven. During this heat treatment, lithium is intercalated into the degraded cathode material. The relithiated electrode material is collected by filtration, washing with solvents, and drying. The relithiated electrode material is then ground with a lithium precursor and thermally treated at a relatively low temperature for a predetermined time period to obtain regenerated cathode material.

Belharouak, Ilias↗
NASA NTRS2010

NASA Aerospace Flight Battery Program: Recommendations for Technical Requirements for Inclusion in Aerospace Battery Procurements

This NASA Aerospace Flight Battery Systems Working Group was chartered within the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC). The Battery Working Group was tasked to complete tasks and to propose proactive work to address battery related, agency-wide issues on an annual basis. In its first year of operation, this proactive program addressed various aspects of the validation and verification of aerospace battery systems for NASA missions. Studies were performed, issues were discussed and in many cases, test programs were executed to generate recommendations and guidelines to reduce risk associated with various aspects of implementing battery technology in the aerospace industry. This document contains Part 2 - Volume I: Recommendations for Technical Requirements for Inclusion in Aerospace Battery Procurements of the program's operations.

Jung, David S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Performance Capabilities of a JPL Dual-Arm Advanced Teleoperation System

The system comprises a) two PUMA 560 robot arms, each equipped with the latest JPL-developed smart hands which contain 3D force/moment and grasp force sensors, b) two general-purpose force-reflecting hand controllers, c) a NS32016 microprocessors based distributed computing system together with JPL-developed universal motor controllers, d) graphics display of sensor information, e) capabilities for time-delay experiments, and f) automatic data recording capabilities. Several different types of control modes are implemented on this system using different feedback control techniques. This paper describes some of the control modes and the related feedback control techniques, and reports on the achievable control performance for tracking position and force trajectories. The interaction between position and force trajectory tracking is illustrated. The best performance is obtained by using a novel, task-space error feedback technique.

Z F Szakaly↗
NASA NTRS2024

Ejecta Management in a Safe Lithium Ion Battery Design

As lithium-ion battery energy densities continue to rise, managing the heat and pressure generated during failure events has become increasingly critical. Safety systems must effectively relieve pressure without releasing sparks, flames, or particulate matter, requiring robust filtration solutions. The challenge is compounded by the reduced free volume available for gas expansion in high-density designs, which increases the demands on these filters. While significant progress has been made through experimental studies and modeling efforts to understand the behavior of ejecta during battery failures, there remains a pressing need for practical, rule-of-thumb sizing parameters. These parameters would help correlate high-energy waste streams with appropriate filter design, ensuring reliable containment and safety. This talk will explore recent experimental findings in this area and discuss the potential pathways for developing these essential sizing guidelines.

Ejecta Management↗
DOE OSTI1993

Nuclear Safety [Vol. 34, No. 1, January-March 1993]

Nuclear Safety is a review journal that covers significant developments in the field of nuclear safety. Its scope includes the analysis and control of hazards associated with nuclear energy, operations involving fissionable materials, and the products of nuclear fission and their effects on the environment. Primary emphasis is on safety in reactor design, construction, and operation; however, the safety aspects of the entire fuel cycle, including fuel fabrication, spent-fuel processing, nuclear waste disposal, handling of radioisotopes, and environmental effects of these operations, are also treated. Table of Contents for this issue follows. GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: 1 An Integrated Regional Approach To Risk Management of Industrial Systems, S. Chakraborty and R. Stratton; 9 Annual Technical Meeting of the NRC Cooperative Severe Accident Research Program, E. G. Silver; ACCIDENT ANALYSIS: 13 Deterministic Severe Accident Criteria as Severe Accident Design Criteria and Policy for the New Production Reactor-Heavy Water Reactor, P. T. Rhoads; 20 Proposed Deterministic Severe Accident Criteria for the Heavy Water Reactor-New Production Reactor Containment, K. D. Bergeron, S. E. Slezak, and C. E. Leach; 33 Quasi-Static Core Liquid Level Depression and Long-Term Core Uncovery During a PWR LOCA, Y. Kukita, R. R. Schultz, H. Nakamura, and J. Katayama; 49 LIRA: An Advanced Containment System to Minimize the Accidental Radioactivity Releases, A. Turricchia; 63 Errata to “A Review of Hydrogen Production During Melt/Water Interaction in LWRs,” Vol. 33, No. 4; CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION: 64 The Nuplex 80+™ Advanced Control Complex from ABB Combustion Engineering, F. Ridolfo, D. Harmon, and K. Scarola; DESIGN FEATURES: 76 A Scheme for Passive Isolation of the Containment of a Reactor, A. K. Ghosh, V. V. Raj, and K. Kakodkar; 84 Utility Requirements for Safety in the Passive Advanced Light-Water Reactor, T. U. Marston, W. H. Layman, and G. Bockhold, Jr.; WASTE AND SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT: 91 Activities Related to Waste and Spent Fuel Management, Compiled by M. D. Muhlheim and E. G. Silver; OPERATING EXPERIENCES: 103 Testing Deficiencies in Auxiliary Systems Feedwater Systems, J. D. Kueck; 110 Reactor Shutdown Experience, Compiled by J. W. Cletcher; 113 Selected Safety-Related Events, Compiled by G. A. Murphy; 115 Operating U.S. Power Reactors, Compiled by M. D. Muhlheim and E. G. Silver; RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: 133 General Administrative Activities, Compiled by M. D. Muhlheim and E. G. Silver; 145 Reports, Standards, and Safety Guides, D. S. Queener; 150 Proposed Rule Changes as of Sept. 30, 1992; ANNOUNCEMENTS: 75 Harvard Short Course on Risk: Science, Assessment, and Management; 102 International Conference on Reactor Physics and Reactor Computations; 102 The Fourth International Conference on Nuclear Waste Reprocessing and Waste Management [RECOD ’94]; 132 International Symposium on the Radiological Exposure of the Population of the European Community from Radioactivity in the Mediterranean Sea [MARINA-MED]; 162 International High-Level Radioactive Waste Conference ‘Technology Integration—Above and Below”; 154 The Authors; 158 Indexes to Nuclear Safety, Volume 33.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1994

Erosion, Corrosion and Foreign Object Damage Effects in Gas Turbines [Les consequences de l'endommagement des turbines I gaz par erosion, corrosion et objets étrangers]

The Conference Proceedings contains 31 papers presented at the Propulsion and Energetics Panel Symposium on Erosion, Corrosion and Foreign Object Damage Effects in Gas Turbines which was held from 25-28th April 1994, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The Technical Evaluation Report and the Keynote Address are included at the beginning and discussions follow most papers. The Symposium was arranged in the following Sessions: Operational Experience and Requirements (7); Deposition and Erosion (7); Foreign Object Damage (5); Coatings, Repairs and Materials Aspects - 1 (4); Coatings, Repairs and Materials Aspects - 2 (7); and Testing and Certification Procedures (1).

Deposition↗
NASA NTRS2000

Engineering and Abuse Testing of Panasonic Lithium-Ion Battery and Cells

This viewgraph presentation reviews the performance testing of Lithium Ion batteries and cells under different conditions of charge and discharge. The tests show that the 0.5 C rate of charge and discharge might be the ideal condition for long term cycling. It reviews the issues of overcharge and overdischarge of the cells. The cells and the battery have adequate protection under both conditions to prevent any catastrophic occurrences. Temperatures above 150 C are required to vent the cells or cause a thermal runaway, Since this situation is non-credible in the cabin of the Space Shuffle or ISS this should not pose a problem. The presentation includes graphs and charts showing the charge and discharge capacities of the battery and also the current and voltage profiles. A view of a circuit board which contains the controlling mechanism for the battery is also shown.

Jeevarajan, Judith A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

3D Printing of Polyelectrolyte Complex-Integrated Photocurable Hydrogel Resins

In this study, we developed a photocurable hydrogel resin incorporating a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) for 3D printing. Acrylamide-based monomers were formulated with varying PEC contents (0–15 wt %) in an aqueous KBr medium to fabricate patterned porous hydrogel structures. The morphology of printed hydrogels was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Notably, the PEC5 and PEC10 formulations exhibited optimal thermal stability and compressive properties, attributed to the homogeneous distribution of PEC domains within the hydrogel matrix. Furthermore, dye adsorption experiments demonstrated excellent removal efficiency, highlighting the potential of PEC-containing hydrogels for environmental remediation applications, particularly in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.

Yang, Jinchul [University of Tennesse Knoxville]↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Impact of Bias Row Noise to Photometric Accuracy: Case Study Based on a Scientific CMOS Detector

Abstract We tested a new model of CMOS detector manufactured by the Gpixel Inc, for potential space astronomical application. In laboratory, we obtain some bias images under the typical application environment. In these bias images, clear random row noise pattern is observed. The row noise also contains some characteristic spatial frequencies. We quantitatively estimated the impact of this feature to photometric measurements, by making simulated images. We compared different bias noise types under strict parameter control. The result shows the row noise will significantly deteriorate the photometric accuracy. It effectively increases the readout noise by a factor of 2–10. However, if it is properly removed, the image quality and photometric accuracy will be significantly improved.

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗
NASA NTRS2014

Online Prediction of Battery Discharge and Estimation of Parasitic Loads for an Electric Aircraft

Predicting whether or not vehicle batteries contain sufficient charge to support operations over the remainder of a given flight plan is critical for electric aircraft. This paper describes an approach for identifying upper and lower uncertainty bounds on predictions that aircraft batteries will continue to meet output power and voltage requirements over the remainder of a flight plan. Battery discharge prediction is considered here in terms of the following components; (i) online battery state of charge estimation; (ii) prediction of future battery power demand as a function of an aircraft flight plan; (iii) online estimation of additional parasitic battery loads; and finally, (iv) estimation of flight plan safety. Substantial uncertainty is considered to be an irremovable part of the battery discharge prediction problem. However, high-confidence estimates of flight plan safety or lack of safety are shown to be generated from even highly uncertain prognostic predictions.

Battery Discharge Prediction↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

A Machine Learning Framework for Error Compensation in Radiative Transfer Calculations

Radiative heat transfer influences the amount of heat flux transferred to the surface of the hypersonic vehicle, which is essential to evaluate the performance of thermal protection systems. The radiative heat flux is found to be computationally prohibitive while accounting for the variation in spatial, angular, and spectral domains. A new methodology has been recently developed to alleviate the cost of computation in the spectral domain by constructing flow-agnostic reduced-order models (ROMs). The developed spectral ROM databases provide grouping strategies that account for non-equilibrium absorption and emission as well as interaction between disparate species due to spectral overlap in associated radiative processes. However, the developed ROMs need to be optimized for a specific combination of interacting gas species and would need to re-calibrated in case individual species are added/omitted. In this work, we use various machine learning (ML) techniques to approximate the radiative intensities determined by a ROM optimized for a specific gas mixture. The ML model relies on the ROM databases developed for a single species which ignores any spectral overlap. Thus, radiation evaluation starts with a simple summation of radiative intensities predicted using these non-calibrated ROMs for the contributing species. The ML framework then provides a correction to account for the interplay in the frequency, i.e., emission of photons by one species and absorption by another, and yields mixture-specific radiation fields. Once trained on the individual ROM databases, the ML framework offers instantaneous corrections that serves as a time/cost effective alternative to the optimization of ROMs for a specific gas mixture. The ML framework is trained on both the high fidelity and ROM evaluated line of sight (LOS) data from Orion, Stardust, and FIRE II cases to obtain a general purpose correction model for earth re-entry scenarios when radiation contributions from both atomic nitrogen and atomic oxygen are considered. A geometric length scale parameter is used in the training process to account for errors introduced in the ROM databases as a consequence of high optical thickness. The efficacy of the ML framework is underscored through extensive analysis of train and test errors with respect to all the re-entry scenarios. The applicability of such an ML framework was further corroborated by embedding it in a state-of-the-art US3D - NERO system for determining the radiative heat flux transferred to the hypersonic vehicle surface.

Radiation↗
NASA NTRS1962

Manned Lunar Landing Via Rendezvous

In any mission description, the vehicles, the flight profiles, and the astrionics hardware to im- plement the mission are all tightly interwoven things. A final result evolves only after many iterations to the solution are made. This paper will describe one of these iterations in the Saturn C-5 Earth Orbit Rendezvous approach to the Manned Lunar Landing Program. Since the iter- ation to be described in an nthone, there exists some basis for the hope that the perturbation from the final solution is small. This paper is not concerned with the landing itself, but only with those operations leading to injection of the space craft into the lunar trans- fer trajectory. However, as is to be expected, it is the target conditions which set the pace for the overall operation. The entire operation must be sized to culminate at a time and place which places the lunar target in an attainable position. The procedure would call for a burst of activity lasting over a relatively short time as compared to the long and extensive preparations leading up to it. The activity must be aimed at the opening of the lunar "launch window". Figure 1 illustrates the variation in the velocity increment required to launch a vehicle into a lunar transfer trajectory from a 485 kilometer earth orbit. The minima are at irregularly spaced intervals and are a func- tion of the inclination of the lunar and the earth satellite planes and of the position of the moon in its orbit around the earth (i. e. , the day of the month). In an operations analysis these spacings will influence the number of vehicles on the launch pad (primary and back-up) , their state of readi- ness, the firing rate, and also the flight profile to be chosen. Whether it is decided to go by "con- necting" or by "tanking" mode, the objective must be to get the spacecraft in the launch ready state at the opening of one of these launch windows. It may be desired that the first vehicle be capable of remaining in a functionally capable state even after bridging one or more of the gaps between the windows. This consideration will influence the design of the vehicles as well as the operational modes to be designed into the flight control hard- ware. For example, a sleep switch may be de- sirable from the standpoint of savings in battery we ight.

LUNAR LANDING↗
NASA NTRS2024

Expansion of Check-Cases for 6DOF Simulation

This is the Appendix containing a description of the solution for Case 1 in the assessment, “Expansion of Check-Cases for 6DOF Simulation”. For cases of spherical gravity, it is possible to provide a two-body solution without recourse to numerical integration and thus it is accurate to machine precision. Python code for a Keplerian Propagator (propagate.py) which produced a reference trajectory for Case 1 is provided in this appendix. There is also code for generating test cases which was used as an independent verification of the propagator. This is a high-level description of the algorithm employed. The documentation of each function includes implementation details, including equations for each task.

Modeling↗
NASA NTRS1998

Battery Systems for X-38 Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) and Deorbit Propulsion Stage (DPS)

A 28V 32 Ah cell Li/MnO2 and a 28V NiMH battery systems for the Deorbit Propulsion Stage (DPS) and the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) are developed in Friwo-Silforkraft, Germany with the following objectives and approach: Provide safe battery designs for lowest volume and cost, and within schedule; Take advantage of less complex requests for V201 vs OPS CRV to simplify design and reduce cost; Use only existing commercial cell designs as building blocks for larger battery; Derive battery designs from the ASTRO-SPAS design which is the largest lithium battery design with Shuttle flight experience; Place maximum amount of battery energy on DPS; DPS battery is non rechargeable; and CRV batteries are rechargeable. This paper contains the following sections: a brief introduction on CRV requirements, CRV advantages over Soyuz, and X-38 programs; Battery objectives and approach; Battery requirements and groundrules (performance, on-orbit operation, etc); Design trades, solutions, redundancy plan, and margins; Envelope, size, and mass; Interfaces (structural, electrical & thermal); and Deviation from OPS CRV.

Darcy, Eric↗
NASA NTRS1994

Heat Capacity and Thermal Relaxation of Bulk Helium Very Near the Lambda Point

In October 1992 a low temperature experiment was flown on the Space Shuttle in low Earth orbit. The objective of the mission was to measure the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of helium very close to the lambda point with the smearing effect of gravity removed. We report preliminary results from the experiment, and compare them with related measurements performed on the ground. The sample was s sphere of helium 3.5 cm in diameter contained within a copper calorimeter of vey high thermal conductivity. The calorimeter was attached to a pair of high resolution paramagnetic salt thermometers with noise levels in the 10 -10 K range and suspended from a high stability thermal isolation system. During the mission we found that the resolution of the thermometers was degraded somewhat due to the impact of charged particles. This effect limited the useful resolution of the measurements to about two nanokelvins from the lambda point. The results reported here are limited to about ten nanokelvins from the transition.

John A Lipa↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Laser Beam Welding Benchmark Experiments Performed in Reduced Gravity and Vacuum

Laser beam welding (LBW) is affected by the extreme temperatures, reduced pressure, and reduced gravity present in space environments. Gravity and pressure especially influence its melt pool and solidification dynamics. A compact, modular vacuum chamber adaptable to flight platforms from parabolic to orbital currently hosts an experiment to investigate the combined influence of reduced gravity and pressure on LBW. A swappable cartridge contains a rotating platen on which customizable workpieces can be welded under vacuum, greatly increasing experimental throughput. Instrumentation includes weld and thermal cameras observing the process, thermocouples placed on workpieces, accelerometers, and vacuum sensors. Experimental data gathered during the welding process will be combined with post-flight nondestructive evaluation, metallography, and mechanical testing to provide validation datasets for computational modeling. Phase I of this effort involves a parabolic flight campaign in low gravity while an anticipated Phase II would proceed to in-space demonstration to access extended duration microgravity.

in-space welding↗
DOE OSTI2026

A generative machine learning model for designing metal hydrides applied to hydrogen storage

Developing new metal hydrides is a critical step toward efficient hydrogen storage in carbon-neutral energy systems. However, existing materials databases, such as the Materials Project, contain a limited number of well-characterized hydrides, which constrains the discovery of optimal candidates. This work presents a framework that integrates causal discovery with a lightweight generative machine learning model to generate novel metal hydride candidates that may not exist in current databases. Using a dataset of 450 samples (270 training, 90 validation, and 90 testing), the model generates 1000 candidates. After ranking and filtering, six previously unreported chemical formulas and crystal structures are identified, four of which are validated by density functional theory simulations and show strong potential for future experimental investigation. Overall, the proposed framework provides a scalable and time-efficient approach for expanding hydrogen storage datasets and accelerating materials discovery.

generative model↗
DOE OSTI2024

Zero-field J-spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei

Abstract Zero- to ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZULF NMR) allows molecular structure elucidation via measurement of electron-mediated spin-spinJ-couplings. This study examines zero-fieldJ-spectra from molecules with quadrupolar nuclei, exemplified by solutions of various isotopologues of ammonium cations. The spectra reveal differences between various isotopologues upon extracting preciseJ-coupling values from pulse-acquire measurements. A primary isotope effect,$$\triangle J=\left({\gamma }_{{}^{14}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}}/{\gamma }_{{}^{15}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}}\right){J}_{{}^{15}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}-{J}_{{}^{14}{{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}\approx -58$$ △ J = γ 14 N / γ 15 N J 15 N H − J 14 N H ≈ − 58 mHz, is deduced by analysis of the proton-nitrogenJ-coupling ratios. This study points toward further experiments with symmetric cations containing quadrupolar nuclei, promising applications in biomedicine, energy storage, and benchmarking quantum chemistry calculations.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗