SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “GLASS”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
New insights on P-related paramagnetic point defects in irradiated phosphate glasses: Impact of glass network type and irradiation dose
P-related paramagnetic point defects were studied in irradiated Yb-doped phosphate glasses by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (X and Q-bands). A strong impact of the glass network type on the defect nature is shown. In all glasses, r-POHC defects formation is in strong correlation with Q{sup 2} tetrahedra amount supporting the structure of r-POHC. Ultra-phosphate glasses contain the larger defect type: Peroxy radicals, P{sub 1}, P{sub 2}, and P{sub 4} defects whose formation is linked to Q{sup 3} tetrahedra presence. In meta-phosphate and poly-phosphate glasses, peroxy radicals appear with r-POHC thermal recovery. In meta-phosphate glasses, a combination of P{sub 1} and P{sub 3} defects was evidenced for the first time, whereas in poly-phosphate glasses, only P{sub 3} defects were identified. Dose effect as well as defect recovery were analyzed.
Thermal stability of vapor-deposited stable glasses of an organic semiconductor
Vapor-deposited organic glasses can show enhanced kinetic stability relative to liquid-cooled glasses. When such stable glasses of model glassformers are annealed above the glass transition temperature T{sub g}, they lose their thermal stability and transform into the supercooled liquid via constant velocity propagating fronts. In this work, we show that vapor-deposited glasses of an organic semiconductor, N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD), also transform via propagating fronts. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry and a new high-throughput annealing protocol, we measure transformation front velocities for TPD glasses prepared with substrate temperatures (T{sub Substrate}) from 0.63 to 0.96 T{sub g}, at many different annealing temperatures. We observe that the front velocity varies by over an order of magnitude with T{sub Substrate}, while the activation energy remains constant. Using dielectric spectroscopy, we measure the structural relaxation time of supercooled TPD. We find that the mobility of the liquid and the structure of the glass are independent factors in controlling the thermal stability of TPD films. In comparison to model glassformers, the transformation fronts of TPD have similar velocities and a similar dependence on T{sub Substrate}, suggesting universal behavior. These results may aid in designing active layers in organic electronic devices with improved thermal stability.
Statistical generic design of glass and optimization: Selective review on oxide glasses
Designing a single glass composition for a multidimensional property space is challenging, and the difficulty increases with the number of design criteria. Traditionally, the task is accomplished using multiple statistical models that describe the relationships between composition (C) and property (P) values, i.e., C-P models. Recently, the structure (S)-property (P) statistical modeling has emerged as a complementary approach. The S-P modeling approach has also been shown to be a preferred method for modeling glass properties, particularly when a small data set is available, such as in single-component studies, or when strong nonlinearities exist between composition and properties. The combined model package, C-S-P, implements the concept of generic glass design, i.e., designing glass for performance by first selecting a specific or optimized set of glass network structural groups using S-P models and then transferring the designed structures (genes) to a particular composition using C-S models. This article reviews a set of supporting cases from the previous C-S-P modeling studies of phosphate, silicate, and borosilicate glasses, which are relevant for many critical commercial applications. The methodology for developing the statistical C-S-P database is presented, enabling the application of P?S?C to achieve a generic glass design and optimization, targeting multiple design criteria for both performance and processing properties simultaneously.
Evaluation Of Glass Density to Support the Estimation of Fissile Mass Loadings in Sludge Batch 10 Glasses
Per a directive from the Department of Energy Savannah River Operations Office (DOE-SR) in 2008, the fissile mass loading concentration must remain below 897 g/m 3 in each high-level waste (HLW) glass canister produced by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). To support Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) processing, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) developed a technical basis that facilitates the evaluation of fissile mass loading of the glass product. The calculation is based on the iron (Fe) concentration in the glass as determined by measurements from the Slurry Mix Evaporator acceptability analysis as well as the glass density. In April 2022, a subsequent DOE-SR directive increased the fissile mass loading limit to 2500 g/m 3 beginning with Sludge Batch 11. Thus, the 897 g/m 3 limit still applies to Sludge Batch 10 (SB10) processing. For SB5 through initial Sludge Batch 9 (SB9) processing prior to coupled operation with the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF), SRNL provided DWPF a bounding glass density value that was based on a statistical evaluation of density measurements. To eliminate the need for experimental work, a composition-based density model for HLW glasses was developed at SRNL in 2019. The objective of this report is to present the bounding glass density determined with the composition-based density model for SB10 sludge-only (SO) and coupled processing.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of Na-doped aluminosilicate glasses and glass-water interaction
The structure and properties of sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) glasses are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics and density functional calculations. Four NAS glass models of about 700 atoms with composition (SiO 2 ) 0.6 (Al 2 O 3 ) 0.4-x (Na 2 O) x with Na/Al ratio R = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 are constructed corresponding to x = 0, 0.135, 0.20 and 0.24. Detailed information on network coordination, electronic structure, interatomic bonding and partial charge distribution, mechanical and optical properties of these models are presented and fully analyzed. The structural details for each R are discussed in terms of short- and intermediate-range order manifested in the coordination number, atomic pair and bond angle distributions. It is shown that the mechanical strength of NAS glasses decreases with increasing Na content, indicating that pure aluminosilicate glass is stronger than the alkali-doped glasses. We use the novel concept of total bond order density to characterize the internal cohesion of the NAS glasses. In the case of R = 1 NAS model, 12 water molecules are added to investigate the solvation effect and hydrolysis in NAS glass.
Information integrated glass module fabricated by integrated additive and subtractive manufacturing
In this Letter, we report a novel integrated additive and subtractive manufacturing (IASM) method to fabricate an information integrated glass module. After a certain number of glass layers are 3D printed and sintered by direct C O 2 laser irradiation, a microchannel will be fabricated on top of the printed glass by integrated picosecond laser, for intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) optical fiber sensor embedment. Then, the glass 3D printing process continues for the realization of bonding between optical fiber and printed glass. Temperature sensing up to 1000°C was demonstrated using the fabricated information integrated module. In addition, the long-term stability of the glass module at 1000°C was conducted. Enhanced sensor structure robustness and harsh temperature sensing capability make this glass module attractive for harsh environment structural health monitoring.
Friction behavior of glass and metals in contact with glass in various environments
Sliding friction experiments have been conducted for heat-resistant glass and metals in contact with glass. These experiments were conducted in various environments including vacuum, moist air, dry air, octane, and stearic acid in hexadecane. Glass exhibited a higher friction force in moist air than it did in vacuum when in sliding contact with itself. The metals, aluminum, iron, and gold, all exhibited the same friction coefficient when sliding on glass in vacuum as glass sliding on glass. Gold-to-glass contacts were extremely sensitive to the environment despite the relative chemical inertness of gold.
Geochemistry of impact glasses from the K/T boundary in Haiti - Relation to smectites and a new type of glass
Detailed element analyses were carried out on 12 black and seven yellow glasses from the K/T boundary section at Beloc (Haiti), and of three samples from smectite mantles around black glasses. The results obtained for bulk black and yellow glasses show differences between these, confirming the results of Sigurdsson et al. (1991) and Izett (1991), and the results obtained on individual spherules and shards are in agreement with bulk data. The present data also demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of yellow glass samples with high CaO but low S contents, which might have formed by fusion of various proportions of carbonates and evaporites or carbonates alone. One of the black glasses was found to have higher than average SiO2 and K2O abundances but lower concentrations of all other major elements. This suggests the existence of a third glass type, named the high Si-K variety (HSi,K) glass.
Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of Yttrium Aluminum Borate Glasses and Glass-ceramics
Raman spectra of glasses and glass-ceramics in the Y2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 system are reported. Glasses with B2O3 contents ranging from 40 to 60 mole percent were prepared by melting 20 g of the appropriate oxide or carbonate powders in alumina crucibles at 1400 C for 45 minutes. Subsequent heat treatments of the glasses at temperatures ranging from 600 to 800 C were performed in order to induce nucleation and crystallization. It was found that Na2CO3 added to the melt served as a nucleating agent and resulted in uniform bulk crystallization. The Raman spectra of the glasses are interpreted primarily in terms of vibrations of boron - oxygen structural groups. Comparison of the Raman spectra of the glass-ceramic samples with spectra of aluminate and borate crystalline materials reveal that these glasses crystallize primarily as yttrium aluminum borate, YAl3(BO3)4.
Evolution of glass structure during femtosecond laser assisted crystallization of LaBGeO 5 in glass
Single crystal LaBGeO 5 architecture formed in La 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -2GeO 2 glass serves as a model system for understanding of the transformation from glass to single crystal under fs laser irradiation. This transformation is highly sensitive to glass composition, raising the need to understand how the glass structure and composition evolve during crystallization. In this work, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence mapping were used to study the glass structure and composition preceding LaBGeO5 crystallization in the region surrounding the single crystal growth front. The results show precipitation of germanium nanoparticles, as well as anisotropic segregation of Ge and La prior to LaBGeO5 crystallization, which are explained assuming electromigration in high fields within the plasma formed by the fs laser irradiation. However, these nanoparticles do not serve as sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Furthermore, the similarity of local structure around Ge in the starting glass and the ultimate crystal appears to enhance the crystallization process.
Electronic environments of ferrous iron in rhyolitic and basaltic glasses at high pressure: Silicate Glasses at High Pressure
The physical properties of silicate melts within Earth's mantle affect the chemical and thermal evolution of its interior. Chemistry and coordination environments affect such properties. We have measured the hyperfine parameters of iron-bearing rhyolitic and basaltic glasses up to ~120 GPa and ~100 GPa, respectively, in a neon pressure medium using time domain synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. The spectra for rhyolitic and basaltic glasses are well explained by three high-spin Fe 2+ -like sites with distinct quadrupole splittings. Absence of detectable ferric iron was confirmed with optical absorption spectroscopy. The sites with relatively high and intermediate quadrupole splittings are likely a result of fivefold and sixfold coordination environments of ferrous iron that transition to higher coordination with increasing pressure. The ferrous site with a relatively low quadrupole splitting and isomer shift at low pressures may be related to a fourfold or a second fivefold ferrous iron site, which transitions to higher coordination in basaltic glass, but likely remains in low coordination in rhyolitic glass. These results indicate that iron experiences changes in its coordination environment with increasing pressure without undergoing a high-spin to low-spin transition. We compare our results to the hyperfine parameters of silicate glasses of different compositions. With the assumption that coordination environments in silicate glasses may serve as a good indicator for those in a melt, this study suggests that ferrous iron in chemically complex silicate melts likely exists in a high-spin state throughout most of Earth's mantle.
Application of a computational glass model to the shock response of soda-lime glass
This article details the implementation and application of the glass-specific computational constitutive model by Holmquist and Johnson [1] to simulate the dynamic response of soda-lime glass under high rate and high pressure shock conditions. The predictive capabilities of this model are assessed through comparison of experimental data with numerical results from computations using the CTH shock physics code. The formulation of this glass model is reviewed in the context of its implementation within CTH. Using a variety of experimental data compiled from the open literature, a complete parameterization of the model describing the observed behavior of soda-lime glass is developed. Simulation results using the calibrated soda-lime glass model are compared to flyer plate and Taylor rod impact experimental data covering a range of impact and failure conditions spanning an order of magnitude in velocity and pressure. In conclusion, the complex behavior observed in the experimental testing is captured well in the computations, demonstrating the capability of the glass model within CTH.
Compositional dependence of optical band gap and refractive index in lead and bismuth borate glasses
Highlights: • Refractive indices increase with increasing PbO/Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} content. • Optical band gap arises due to direct forbidden transition. • Optical band gaps decrease with increasing PbO/Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} content. • New empirical relation between the optical band gap and the refractive index. - Abstract: We prepared a series of lead and bismuth borate glasses by varying PbO/Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} content and studied refractive index and optical band gap as a function of glass composition. Refractive indices were measured very accurately using a Brewster’s angle set up while the optical band gaps were determined by analyzing the optical absorption edge using the Mott–Davis model. Using the Lorentz–Lorentz method and the effective medium theory, we calculated the refractive indices and then compared them with the measured values. Bismuth borate glasses show better agreement between the calculated values of the refractive index and experimental values. We used a differential method based on Mott–Davis model to obtain the type of transition and optical band gap (E{sub opt}) which in turn was compared with the value of E{sub opt} obtained using the extinction coefficient. Our analysis shows that in both lead and bismuth borate glasses, the optical band gap arises due to direct forbidden transition. With increasing PbO/Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} content, the absorption edge shifts toward longer wavelengths and the optical band gap decreases. This behavior can be explained in terms of changes to the Pb−O/Bi−O chemical bonds with glass composition. We obtained a new empirical relation between the optical band gap and the refractive index which can be used to accurately determine the electronic oxide polarizability in lead and bismuth oxide glasses.
Structural, optical and thermal properties of glass and anti-glass phases in strontium tellurite and borotellurite systems doped with europium
Highlights: • Optical, thermal and structural properties of SrO-TeO{sub 2} and SrO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-TeO{sub 2} glasses containing Eu{sup 3+}. • Co-existing glass and SrTe{sub 5}O{sub 11} anti-glass inclusions in 10SrO-90TeO{sub 2} sample. • Rectangular, triangular, spherical and flower shaped inclusions in the samples. • 1-mol% Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3} modifies the shape and size of the inclusions. • B{sub 2}O{sub 3} suppresses the growth of anti-glass inclusions and enhances Eu{sup 3+} fluorescence. - Abstract: Glass sample of the composition: 10SrO-90TeO{sub 2} was prepared by melt-quenching technique and found to contain triangular, rectangular, and spherical shaped micro-inclusions of the average size ∼803 μm in the glassy matrix. The inclusions grow to an average size of ∼1347 μm and assume flower-like morphology upon adding 1 mol% Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the 10SrO-90TeO{sub 2} sample. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the micro-inclusions exhibit sharp peaks, but their Raman spectra have broad phonon bands that are indistinguishable or very similar to that of the glassy matrix phase. The addition of 10 mol% B{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the samples inhibits the growth of inclusions of anti-glass phases and forms purely amorphous samples. B{sub 2}O{sub 3} significantly enhances the photoluminescence properties of Eu{sup 3+} doped samples. Furthermore, B{sub 2}O{sub 3} converts the four-fold co-ordinated Te-O structural units into three-fold co-ordinated Te-O units.
Pressure Induced Liquid-to-Liquid Transition in Zr-based Supercooled Melts and Pressure Quenched Glasses
Through high-energy x-ray diffraction and atomic pair density function analysis we find that Zr-based metallic alloy, heated to the supercooled liquid state under hydrostatic pressure and then quenched to room temperature, exhibits a distinct glassy structure. The PDF indicates that the Zr-Zr distances in this glass are significantly reduced compared to those quenched without pressure. Annealing at the glass transition temperature at ambient pressure reverses structural changes and the initial glassy state is recovered. This result suggests that pressure causes a liquid-to-liquid phase transition in this metallic alloy supercooled melt. Such a pressure induced transition is known for covalent liquids, but has not been observed for metallic liquids. The High Pressure Quenched glasses are stable in ambient conditions after decompression.
Effect of hydrothermal condition on the formation of multi-component oxides of Ni-based metallic glass under high temperature water near the critical point
The specific feature of multi-component oxides synthesized by hydrothermal process under high temperature (633 K) and highly pressurized water (18.9 MPa) near critical point. Effects of hydrothermal processing duration times 24 hours and 72 hours, respectively, on the oxide formation of the Ni{sub 59}Zr{sub 20}Ti{sub 16}Si{sub 2}Sn{sub 3} metallic glass synthesized by powder metallurgy process were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimeter along with the particle size, morphology and crystalline phase of the oxides. The crystallization of the needle-shape NiTiO{sub 3}, ZrTiO{sub 4} and ZrSnO{sub 4} ternary oxide phases observed on the surface of metallic glass at below glass transition temperature and the morphology of oxide phases changed to plate-shape around 2 μm in diameter by the increase processing time. This hydrothermal processing in subcritical water provides accelerated dense metal oxide crystals due to the reaction medium being at higher pressure than conventional oxidation processing.