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At least 145 records · Page 8

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Homoleptic Trivalent Tris(alkyl)lanthanides

Six new solvent-free, homoleptic paramagnetic tris(alkyl)lanthanides Ln{C(SiHMe 2 ) 3 } 3 (1Ln) and Ln{C(SiHMe 2 ) 2 Ph} 3 (2Ln) (Ln = Gd, Dy, and Er) were synthesized to investigate the magnetic properties of 4f organometallic compounds stabilized by secondary Ln←H–Si and benzylic interactions. The unit cell of 1Gd contains one independent molecule (Z = 2), while 1Dy and 1Er crystallize with four independent isostructural molecules per unit cell (Z = 16). In all molecules, as in other 1Ln compounds, the three tris(dimethylsilyl)methyl ligands form a trigonal planar LnC 3 core, and six secondary interactions involving Ln←H–Si bonding in Ln{C(SiHMe 2 ) 3 } 3 form above and below the equatorial plane. Two and five crystallographically independent molecules of each 2Ln (2Gd, Z = 8; 2Dy, Z = 20) form with three π-coordinated phenyl groups in addition to either one or two secondary Ln←H–Si interactions per molecule. The packing of these midseries organolanthanide compounds contrasts the single crystallographically unique molecules in previously reported La{C(SiHMe 2 ) 3 } 3 (1La, Z = 2, Z' = 1) and La{C(SiHMe 2 ) 2 Ph} 3 (2La, Z = 2, Z' = 1/3). 2La doped with 2Dy can adopt the crystallographic structure of 2La, which promotes magnetic properties, namely a higher χ m T value at low temperatures as well as stronger magnetic anisotropy. The ac susceptibility data for 10% 2Dy doped into 2La suggests slow relaxation at low temperatures with a relaxation barrier of ~45 K. The computed saturated magnetization of 1Er (M ≈ 4.5 μ B ) and 1Dy (M ≈ 6 μ B ) matches the experimental values, while the computed value for 2Dy better matches the value measured for 2Dy diluted in 2La (M ≈ 5 μ B ). Gas-phase calculations predict that the ground-state and first excited-state multiplet separations are larger for 1Er than 2Er, while the ordering for dysprosium is 1Dy > 2Dy.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Magnetic Properties of Bismuth-Doped Ytterbium and Holmium Pyrochlore Titanates

Bismuth-doped ytterbium and holmium titanates have been synthesized and their magnetic properties have been investigated. The magnetization curves and temperature dependences of the susceptibility in fields of up to 30 kOe at temperatures from 2 to 300 K have been obtained. The properties of the doped and undoped titanates have been compared. It has been established that the temperature dependences of the product of susceptibility and temperature contains a linear portion and the slope sign in these dependences changes upon doping for both the Ho{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} and Yb{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7} titanates. Based on the investigated temperature dependences of the susceptibility, the magnetic dipole and exchange couplings in the titanates have been analyzed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Modeling Magnetic Properties in EZTB

A software module that calculates magnetic properties of a semiconducting material has been written for incorporation into, and execution within, the Easy (Modular) Tight-Binding (EZTB) software infrastructure. [EZTB is designed to model the electronic structures of semiconductor devices ranging from bulk semiconductors, to quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum dots. EZTB implements an empirical tight-binding mathematical model of the underlying physics.] This module can model the effect of a magnetic field applied along any direction and does not require any adjustment of model parameters. The module has thus far been applied to study the performances of silicon-based quantum computers in the presence of magnetic fields and of miscut angles in quantum wells. The module is expected to assist experimentalists in fabricating a spin qubit in a Si/SiGe quantum dot. This software can be executed in almost any Unix operating system, utilizes parallel computing, can be run as a Web-portal application program. The module has been validated by comparison of its predictions with experimental data available in the literature.

Lee, Seungwon↗

Effect of Cr Spacer on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Fe/Gd Multilayers

Here, we analyze the role of a thin Cr spacer between Fe and Gd layers on the structure and magnetic properties of a [Fe(35 Å)/Cr(t Cr )/Gd(50 Å)/Cr(t Cr )] 12 superlattice. Samples without the Cr spacer (t Cr = 0) and with a thin spacer (t Cr = 4 Å) are investigated using X-ray diffraction, polarized neutron and resonance X-ray magnetic reflectometry, static magnetometry, magneto-optical Kerr effect, and ferromagnetic resonance techniques. Magnetic properties are studied experimentally in a wide temperature range 4–300 K and analyzed theoretically using numerical simulation on the basis of the mean-field model. We show that a reasonable agreement with the experimental data can be obtained considering temperature dependence of the effective field parameter in gadolinium layers. In conclusion, the analysis of the experimental data shows that besides a strong reduction of the antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Gd, the introduction of Cr spacers into Fe/Gd superlattice leads to modification of both structural and magnetic characteristics of the ferromagnetic layers.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Evolution of electronic and magnetic properties of nominal magnetite nanoparticles at high pressure probed by x-ray absorption and emission techniques

Here, we present a study of electronic and magnetic properties of nominal magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) (~6 nm) at high pressure in the presence of silicon pressure medium using x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and non-resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). XANES data show a reduction of Fe charge state, a change in local environment around Fe at tetrahedral sites, and a reduced occupation of Fe 4 p orbitals, not seen in previous pressure studies of bulk magnetite. XMCD data show a continuous magnetic moment reduction of ~50% between ambient pressure and 20 GPa, similar to what was observed in previous bulk magnetite studies. XES spectra of NPs indicate a gradual change in spin configuration away from the high-spin state consistent with a postulated charge transfer from Fe 4 p to 3 d states and the observed reduction in XMCD signal. Taken together, the results point to substantial differences in the response of electronic and magnetic properties of the nano-counterparts of bulk magnetite at high pressure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Exchange-Coupled Co{sub 72}Pt{sub 28}/Pt/Co{sub 81}Ir{sub 19} Composite Media for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording

In this work, we report the investigation of microstructure and magnetic properties of the Co{sub 72}Pt{sub 28}/Pt/Co{sub 81}Ir{sub 19} exchange-coupled composite (ECC) media using soft-layer (SL) of Co{sub 81}Ir{sub 19} with negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MA). Our TEM images show that the hard-layer (HL) exhibits a columnar type microstructure with well-isolated grains and the exchange-coupled SL with hcp-structure show the same texture. Strong coupling of the two layers have been evidenced by the magnetic characterization for all the studied films with Pt inter-layer thickness ranging from 0 to 2 nm. Importantly, these ECC media films have much lower coercivities and much higher thermal stabilities in the favor of high-density magnetic recording.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Effects of annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of highly crystalline biphase iron oxide nanorods

We report on the effects of annealing temperatures ranging from 225 °C to 325 °C on the magnetic properties of high aspect ratio iron oxide nanorods consisting of a ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 phase and an antiferromagnetic α-Fe 2 O 3 phase in an as-prepared state. Annealing at the aforementioned temperatures under a constant flow of O 2 for 3 h leads to an increment of the volume fraction of the antiferromagnetic α-Fe 2 O 3 phase and concomitant enhancement of the crystallinity of the ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 phase. These opposing effects compete with each other, resulting in a decrease in global magnetization with increasing the annealing temperature. The desirable magnetic properties are achieved for the sample annealed at 250 °C. For all samples investigated, we observed an increase in low field magnetization at low temperatures after the sample is field cooled in the presence of a 1T magnetic field, which we attribute to the ordering of macro-spins of the weakly ordered antiferromagnetic α-Fe 2 O 3 phase in the presence of the cooling field. Our study will pave the way for determining the optimal conditions to enhance the magnetic characteristics in iron oxide nanorods, which will enable its use in spintronics and biomedical applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Structural and magnetic properties of Co-V nanoparticles

We have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of Co 1-x V x nanoparticles (NPs) with composition x = 0.25 (stoichiometric) and 0.29 (under-stoichiometric) prepared by the cluster-beam deposition (CBD) technique. Our data shows that the as-made Co 1-x V x NPs are a mixture of the high-temperature phase (HTP) and the low-temperature phase (LTP) of Co 3 V and the particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature (RT) with blocking temperatures (T B ) of 90 and 137 K for x = 0.25 and 0.29, respectively. This behavior contrasts with the bulk which are paramagnetic down to 4.2 K. When the Co 75 V 25 NPs are annealed at 573 K, they undergo a phase separation into a mixture of phases and become ferromagnetic at room temperature with Curie temperature (T c ) of 515 K.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Experimental Study of Structural and Magnetic Properties of LaNi{sub 5} and MmNi{sub 4.7}Al{sub 0.3} Hydrogen Storage Alloys

This study deals with an experimental investigation of structural and magnetic properties of LaNi{sub 5} and MmNi{sub 4.7}Al{sub 0.3} (Mm consists of 66.6 wt% Ce and 33.3 wt% La) hydrogen storage alloys. LaNi{sub 5} and MmNi{sub 4.7}Al{sub 0.3} alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting method and then hydrogenated under 50 bar hydrogen gas pressure. The structure of the samples, before and after hydrogenation, was probed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which showed that all the samples have a single phase hexagonal crystal structure (CaCu5-type). Then X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement was used to investigate the chemical compound of the as-prepared samples. The study of the magnetic properties of samples indicated that the as-prepared alloys are weakly ferromagnetic or paramagnetic, while the hydrogenation process causes ferromagnetic behavior of samples to intensify. Honda-Arrott plot analysis exhibited that substitution of Al for Ni and Ce for La in the as-prepared samples reduces the magnetic susceptibility from 4.8 × 10{sup −6} to 3.06 × 10{sup −6} emu/gOe. Magnetic anisotropy of the hydrogenated samples in a high magnetic field was studied using the law of approach to saturation. The results indicated that the magnetic anisotropy and anisotropy field increase by the replacement of Ni and La with Al and Ce respectively.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Structural and magnetic properties of CoTeMo⁢O 6

Here, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the magnetic properties of the chiral multiferroic material CoTeMo⁢O 6 . In contrast with the previous claim of canted antiferromagnetic order with ferromagnetic components [Y. Doi et al., J. Solid State Chem. 182, 3232 (2009)], our investigation reveals an antiferromagnetic ground state with compensated moments, providing an interesting platform for exploring exotic material properties. Through careful measurements of magnetization under a series of applied fields, we demonstrate that there exist two sequential field-induced magnetic transitions in CoTeMo⁢O 6 , with one occurring at 𝐻 𝑐⁢1 =460 Oe along the 𝑎 axis, and the other at 𝐻 𝑐⁢2 =1.16 T with the field along the 𝑏 axis. The values of 𝐻 𝑐⁢1 and 𝐻 𝑐⁢2 exhibit strong angular dependence and diverge with different rates as the applied field is rotated 90 ° within the 𝑎⁢𝑏 plane. This reflects the distinct nature of these transitions, which is further supported by the different critical behavior of 𝐻 𝑐⁢1 and 𝐻 𝑐⁢2 , characterized by the values of 𝛾, in the function of 𝐻 𝑐 =𝐻 0 ⁡(1−𝑇/𝑇 𝑐 ) 𝛾 . Furthermore, we have demonstrated that there exist structural and magnetic twin domains in CoTeMo⁢O 6 that strongly affect the experimental measurement of their macroscopic properties. Intriguingly, these twin domains can be related to the orthorhombicity/chirality of the crystal structure with the space group 𝑃⁢2 1 ⁢2 1⁢ 2. We further explored the magnetic and structural domains with uniaxial pressure and polarized light microscopy. Our results suggest that CoTeMo⁢O 6 could be used as a unique platform for investigating the intriguing physics involving intertwined degrees of freedom. The tunability of the underlying domain distribution and its strong anisotropy could also be useful for developing functional devices and applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pseudo-1D Chromium Thiolate Coordination Polymers

The synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of two novel, pseudo-one-dimensional (1D) chromium thiolate coordination polymers (CPs), CrBTT and Cr2BDT3, are reported. The structures of these materials were determined using X-ray powder diffraction revealing highly symmetric 1D chains embedded within a CP framework. The magnetic coupling of this chain system was measured by SQUID magnetometry, revealing a switch from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior dictated by the angular geometrical constraints within the CP scaffold consistent with the Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson rules. Intrachain magnetic coupling constants J NN of –32.0 and +5.7 K were found for CrBTT and Cr 2 BDT 3 , respectively, using the 1D Bonner–Fisher model of magnetism. The band structure of these materials has also been examined by optical spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealing semiconducting behavior. Furthermore, our findings here demonstrate how CP scaffolds can support idealized low-dimensional structural motifs and dictate magnetic interactions through tuning of geometry and inter-spin couplings.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Magnetic properties of double perovskite L n 2 CoIrO 6 ( L n = Eu , Tb , Ho ) : Hetero-tri-spin 3 d - 5 d - 4 f systems

The field of double perovskites is now advancing to three magnetic elements on the A, B and B' sites. A series of iridium-based double perovskite compounds, Ln 2 CoIrO 6 (Ln = Eu, Tb, Ho), with three magnetic elements was synthesized as polycrystalline samples. The compounds crystalize in monoclinic structures with the space group P2 1 /n. Magnetic properties of these hetero-tri-spin 3 d-5 d-4 f systems were studied by magnetic susceptibility and field dependent magnetization in both DC and pulsed magnetic fields. All these compounds show ferrimagnetic transitions at temperatures T C above 100 K, which are attributable to antiferromagnetic coupling between Co 2+ and Ir 4+ spins. For Eu 2 CoIrO 6 , the magnetic properties are similar to those of La 2 CoIrO 6 . The Eu 3+ spins show Van Vleck paramagnetism, and do not significantly interact with transition-metal cations. In contrast, Tb 2 CoIrO 6 and Ho 2 CoIrO 6 reveal a second transition to antiferromagnetic order below a lower temperature T N . The temperature-induced ferrimagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition might be explained by a spin-reorientation transition. Moreover, a magnetic-field-induced spin-flop-like transition with a small hysteresis was observed below T N in these two compounds. The magnetic moments of all three compounds do not saturate up to 60 T at low temperatures. A moderate magnetocaloric effect was also observed in all three compounds. Our results should motivate further investigation of the spin configuration on single crystals of these iridium-based double perovskites.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt-Doped Nonstoichiometric Rutile Thin Films

The coherent potential method has been applied for the investigation of Co substitutional doping influence on the spectral and magnetic properties of TiO{sub 2} rutile (100) surface. Both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric oxygen compositions have been considered. For the stoichiometric case, the energy spectrum corresponds to half-metallic ferromagnet. The Co ions are in 2 + formal oxidation state with a spin magnetic moment of 0.8 μ{sub B}. The presence of oxygen vacancies makes the surface insulating and increases the Co spin magnetic moment value.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Magnetic properties of equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi

Magnetic, specific heat, and structural properties of the equiatomic Cantor alloy system are reported for temperatures between 5 and 300 K, and up to fields of 70 kOe. Here magnetization measurements performed on as-cast, annealed, and cold-worked samples reveal a strong processing history dependence and that high-temperature annealing after cold working does not restore the alloy to a “pristine” state. Measurements on known precipitates show that the two transitions, detected at 43 and 85 K, are intrinsic to the Cantor alloy and not the result of an impurity phase. Experimental and ab initio density functional theory computational results suggest that these transitions are a weak ferrimagnetic transition and a spin-glass-like transition, respectively, and magnetic and specific heat measurements provide evidence of significant Stoner enhancement and electron-electron interactions within the material.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Remanent magnetic properties of unbrecciated eucrites

This study examines the remanent magnetic properties of five unbrecciated eucrites, ranging from the coarse-grained cumulate Moore County to the quenched melt rock ALH 81001 in order to assess the strength of the magnetic field associated with their parent body during their formation. Two of the meteorites are judged as unlikely to have preserved their primary thermal remanence because of large variations in subsample remanence intensity and direction (Ibitira), and lack of NRM resistance to AF and thermal demagnetization (PCA 82502). The lack of a strong (greater than 0.01 mT) magnetizing field during their cooling on the eucrite parent body is inferred from the low normalized NRM intensities for subsamples of ALH 81001 and Yamato 791195.

Cisowski, Stanley M.↗

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanowires of Iron Group Metals Produced by Matrix Synthesis

Abstract—Samples of arrays of nanowires are produced from iron, iron–cobalt and iron–nickel alloys via matrix synthesis based on polymer track membranes with pore diameters ranging from 30 to 300 nm. The influence of stress and pore diameter on the galvanic process and structure of nanowires is studied. The arrays of nanowires are examined by microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The magnetic properties are inspected via magnetometry and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The angular dependences of hysteresis loop shape are obtained and comprehensively discussed. As shown, decreasing the growth stress and/or increasing the pore diameter make the Mössbauer spectra of nanowires similar to those of bulk materials. Furthermore, the higher the growth stress is, the larger is the coercive force of nanowires. For the studied species of nanomaterials, the ability to control the magnetic properties during the synthesis is shown, as well.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Effect of the Boron Content on the Amorphization Process and Magnetic Properties of the Mechanically Alloyed Fe{sub 92−x}Nb{sub 8}B{sub x} Powders

The effect of the B content on the microstructural, structural, and magnetic properties of partially amorphous Fe{sub 92−x}Nb{sub 8}B{sub x} (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) alloys has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, high and low-temperature extraction-type magnetometers. The XRD results reveal the formation of a nanocomposite structure where nanocrystalline bcc α-Fe and Fe{sub 2}B phases are embedded into an amorphous matrix. The FeB boride is observed for higher boron contents (x = 15 and 20), and the crystallite sizes are in the range of 7–24 nm. As the B content increases, the amorphous phase-relative proportion and coercivity increase, whereas the saturation magnetization decreases. An important magnetic hardening occurs by lowering the temperature from 400 to 5 K for x = 20% B. The variation of the Curie temperature can be attributed to the heterogeneity of the amorphous matrix.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗