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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Validating corrosion models: Influence of physical properties

In chloride containing environments, two metals in physical contact can undergo galvanic corrosion limiting the lifetime of components. Being able to accurately predict galvanic corrosion damage distributions over time has not been widely presented in literature. Therefore, Finite Element Method (FEM) corrosion models were experimentally validated for two galvanic couples as a function of governing equations, environment, anode material, anode:cathode ratio, and time. Carbon steel/stainless steel (CS/SS) and zinc/stainless steel (Zn/SS) galvanic couples were exposed to NaCl solutions at room temperatures for up to 14 days. For the galvanic couples and environments, the Laplace equation with variable conductivity and reactions was sufficient to model the experimental corrosion damage. Increasing the chloride concentration for the CS/SS galvanic couple, regardless of the anode:cathode ratio, decreased the observed and modeled corrosion damage. Decreasing the anode:cathode ratio (i.e., increasing the cathode length), increased the experimentally observed and modeled corrosion damage. For small anode:cathode ratios, the governing equations deviate over long time periods with the Nernst-Plank equation being conservative. For the Zn/SS galvanic couple, the cathode length controls the dominant cathodic reduction reaction. For small cathode lengths, the hydrogen evolution reaction is dominant. For larger cathode lengths, the oxygen reduction reaction is dominant. The results are discussed with regard to the influence of solution chemistry, ohmic drop, and governing reactions. Overall, validated FEM models were presented, and the resultant models, physics, and mechanisms can be applied to other corrosion scenarios with confidence.

Carbon steel↗
NASA NTRS1974

Physical properties of the natural satellites

Review of the physical nature of all of the known satellites except the moon. Following a summary of the basic data regarding the size, mass, and density of satellite systems and a description of models that have been proposed for the composition and structure of these systems, a detailed analysis is made of the satellites of Mars, the Galilean satellites, Titan, the other satellites of Saturn, the rings of Saturn, and the remaining objects, with emphasis on studies of their surfaces by imaging, photometry, spectrophotometry, polarimetry, and radiometry.

Morrison, D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Physical properties of giant planets

The chemical identification and physical nature of giant planets are discussed. The phase equilibria of H2-He mixture is briefly described for these large planets.

Wildt, R.↗
NASA NTRS1996

(abstract) Physical Properties of 253 Mathilde from Groundbased Observations

The only physical observations which predate the identifications of 253 Mathilde as a potential flyby target of NEAR were measurements of its absolute magnitude in reflected light and thermal radiometry by IRAS. Mathilde has been revealed to be an unusual object, of a class not previously visited by a spacecraft.

Mathilde 253 IRAS albedo flyby↗
NASA NTRS2016

Inference of Surface Chemical and Physical Properties Using Mid-Infrared (MIR) Spectral Observations

Reflected or emitted energy from solid surfaces in the solar system can provide insight into thermo-physical and chemical properties of the surface materials. Measurements have been obtained from instruments located on Earth-based telescopes and carried on several space missions. The characteristic spectral features commonly observed in Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectra of minerals will be reviewed, along with methods used for compositional interpretations of MIR emission spectra. The influence of surface grain size, and space weathering processes on MIR emissivity spectra will also be discussed. Methods used for estimating surface temperature, emissivity, and thermal inertias from MIR spectral observations will be reviewed.

Earth-based telescopes↗
NASA NTRS2005

Measurements of Photoelectric Yield and Physical Properties of Individual Lunar Dust Grains

Micron size dust grains levitated and transported on the lunar surface constitute a major problem for the robotic and human habitat missions for the Moon. It is well known since the Apollo missions that the lunar surface is covered with a thick layer of micron/sub-micron size dust grains. Transient dust clouds over the lunar horizon were observed by experiments during the Apollo 17 mission. Theoretical models suggest that the dust grains on the lunar surface are charged by the solar UV radiation as well as the solar wind. Even without any physical activity, the dust grains are levitated by electrostatic fields and transported away from the surface in the near vacuum environment of the Moon. The current dust charging and the levitation models, however, do not fully explain the observed phenomena. Since the abundance of dust on the Moon's surface with its observed adhesive characteristics is believed to have a severe impact on the human habitat and the lifetime and operations of a variety of equipment, it is necessary to investigate the phenomena and the charging properties of the lunar dust in order to develop appropriate mitigating strategies. We will present results of some recent laboratory experiments on individual micro/sub-micron size dust grains levitated in electrodynamic balance in simulated space environments. The experiments involve photoelectric emission measurements of individual micron size lunar dust grains illuminated with UV radiation in the 120-160 nm wavelength range. The photoelectric yields are required to determine the charging properties of lunar dust illuminated by solar UV radiation. We will present some recent results of laboratory measurement of the photoelectric yields and the physical properties of individual micron size dust grains from the Apollo and Luna-24 sample returns as well as the JSC-1 lunar simulants.

Abbas, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS2003

Chemical and Physical Properties of Bulk Aerosols within Four Sectors Observed during TRACE-P

Chemical and physical aerosol data collected on the DC-8 during TRACE-P were grouped into four sectors based on back trajectories. The four sectors represent long-range transport from the west (WSW), regional circulation over the western Pacific and Southeast Asia (SE Asia), polluted transport from Northern Asia with substantial sea salt at low altitudes (NNW) and a substantial amount of dust (Channel). WSW has generally low mixing ratios at both middle and high altitudes, with the bulk of the aerosol mass due to non-sea-salt water-soluble inorganic species. Low altitude SE Asia also has low mean mixing ratios in general, with the majority of the aerosol mass comprised of non-sea-salts, however, soot is also relatively important m this region. "w had the highest mean sea salt mixing ratios, with the aerosol mass at low altitudes (a km) evenly divided between sea salts, mm-sea-salts, and dust. The highest mean mixing ratios of water-soluble ions and soot were observed at the lowest altitudes (a km) in the Channel sector. The bulk of the aerosol mass exported from Asia emanates h m Channel at both low and midaltitudes, due to the prevalence of dust compared to other sectors. Number densities show enhanced fine particles for Channel and NNW, while their volume distributions are enhanced due to sea salt and dust Low-altitude Channel exhibits the highest condensation nuclei ((34) number densities along with enhanced scattering coefficients, compared to the other sectors. At midaltitudes (2-7 km), low mean CN number densities coupled with a high proportion of nonvolatile particles (265%) observed in polluted sectors (Channel and NNW) are attributed to wet scavenging which removes hygroscopic CN particles. Low single scatter albedo m SE Asia reflects enhanced soot

Jordan, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Regenerator matrix physical property data

Among several cellular ceramic structures manufactured by various suppliers for regenerator application in a gas turbine engine, three have the best potential for achieving durability and performance objectives for use in gas turbines, Stirling engines, and waste heat recovery systems: (1) an aluminum-silicate sinusoidal flow passage made from a corrugated wate paper process; (2) an extruded isosceles triangle flow passage; and (3) a second generation matrix incorporating a square flow passage formed by an embossing process. Key physical and thermal property data for these configurations presented include: heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, compressive strength, tensile strength and elasticity, thermal expansion characteristics, chanical attack, and thermal stability.

Fucinari, C. A.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Method of tuning physical properties of thermosets

Polymerization-induced phase separation enables fine control over thermoset network morphologies, yielding heterogeneous structures with domain sizes tunable over 1-100 nm. However, the controlled chain-growth polymerization techniques exclusively employed to regulate morphology at these length scales are unsuitable for most thermoset materials typically formed through step-growth mechanisms. By employing binary mixtures in place of the classic constituents of phase-separating thermosets—resin, curing agent, and secondary polymer—facile tunability over morphology can be achieved through a single compositional parameter. Indeed, this method yields morphologies spanning nano-scale to macro-scale, controlled by the relative reactivities and thermodynamic compatibility of the network components. Due to the connection between chain dynamics and microstructure in these materials, the tunable morphology enables exquisite control over glass transition and other physical and mechanical properties.

Jones, Brad Howard↗
NASA NTRS1987

An investigation of physical properties of thermoplastic polyimides

Thermoplastic polyimides are a class of promising high temperature polymers for aerospace applications. NASA-developed LARC-TPI is a prominent member of this family of polymers. Its physical characteristics have been measured as a function of its curing schedule. The results and their possible interpretations are discussed.

Singh, Jag J.↗
NASA NTRS1950

The solution of the laminar-boundary-layer equation for the flat plate for velocity and temperature fields for variable physical properties and for the diffusion field at high concentration

In connection with Pohlhausen's solution for the temperature field on the flat plate, a series of formulas were indicated by means of which the velocity and temperature field for variable physical characteristics can be computed by an integral equation and an iteration method based on it. With it, the following cases were solved: On the assumption that the viscosity simply varies with the temperature while the other fluid properties remain constant, the velocity and temperature field on the heated and cooled plate, respectively, was computed at the Prandtl numbers 12.5 and 100 (viscous fluids). A closer study of these two cases resulted in general relations: The calculations for a gas of Pr number 0.7 (air) were conducted on the assumption that all fluid properties vary with the temperature, and the velocities are low enough for the heat of friction to be discounted. The result was a thickening of the boundary layers, but no appreciable modification in shearing stress or heat-transfer coefficient.

BOUNDARY LAYER, LAMINAR - PLATES, FLAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

Physical properties of 𝑅⁢ Co 2 ⁢Al 8 single crystals (𝑅 = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) : An emerging structure-type for anisotropic Kondo-lattice studies

Systematic investigations of rare-earth (𝑅)-based intermetallic materials are a leading strategy to reveal the underlying mechanisms governing a range of physical phenomena, such as the formation of a Kondo lattice and competing electronic and magnetic anisotropies. Here, in this work, the magnetic, thermal, and transport properties of 𝑅⁢Co 2 ⁢Al 8 (𝑅 = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) single crystals are presented. LaCo 2 ⁢Al 8 is characterized as a Pauli paramagnet, and transport measurements, with the current along and perpendicular to the orthorhombic 𝑐-axis (𝜌 𝑐 and 𝜌 𝑎⁢𝑏 , respectively), reveal a clear electronic anisotropy, with 𝜌 𝑎⁢𝑏 ⁢≈ (4 –7)⁢𝜌 𝑐 at 300K . We show that CeCo 2 ⁢Al 8 is a Kondo lattice for which the Kondo coherence temperature 𝑇$^*_K$, deduced from broad maximums in 𝜌 𝑐 and 𝜌 𝑎⁢𝑏 at ≈ 68 and 46 K, respectively, is also anisotropic. This finding is related to a possible underlying anisotropy of the Kondo coupling in CeCo 2⁢ Al 8 . The Pr- and Nd-based materials present strong easy-axis anisotropy (𝑐-axis) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) orders below 𝑇 = 4.84 and 8.1K , respectively. Metamagnetic transitions from this AFM to a spin-polarized paramagnetic phase state are investigated by isothermal magnetization measurements. The Sm-based compound is also an easy-axis AFM with a transition at 𝑇 = 21.6K .

Garcia, Fernando A. [Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames,↗
NASA NTRS1996

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Physical Properties of Advanced GaAs/AlGaAs Junctions

Extensive studies have been performed on MQW junctions and structures because of their potential applications as avalanche photodetectors in optical communications and imaging systems. The role of the avalanche photodiode is to provide for the conversion of an optical signal into charge. Knowledge of junction physics, and the various carrier generation/recombination mechanisms, is crucial for effectively optimizing the conversion process and increasing the structure's quantum efficiency. In addition, the recent interest in the use of APDs in imaging systems has necessitated the development of semiconductor junctions with low dark currents and high gains for low light applications. Because of the high frame rate and high pixel density requirements in new imaging applications, it is necessary to provide some front-end gain in the imager to allow operation under reasonable light conditions. Understanding the electron/hole impact ionization process, as well as diffusion and surface leakage effects, is needed to help maintain low dark currents and high gains for such applications. In addition, the APD must be capable of operating with low power, and low noise. Knowledge of the effects of various doping configurations and electric field profiles, as well as the excess noise resulting from the avalanche process, are needed to help maintain low operating bias and minimize the noise output.

Menkara, Hicham M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Physical Properties of Neptune and Triton Inferred from the Orbit of Triton

The orbital motion of Triton was redetermined from photographic data spanning the interval 1899-1981. The resulting ephemeris should provide Triton positions with respect to Neptune with an accuracy of plus or minus 500 km through the end of the century. The following physical results follow from the orbit solution. The inverse mass of Neptune + Triton is solar mass over (c sub N + m sub T) = 19490 plus or minus 40. No acceleration of the mean motion nor orbital eccentricity were detected, thus constraining the tidal dissipation factors of Neptune and Triton to O sub N less than or equal to 650 and QT less than or equal to 10,000. Tidal heating of Triton is presently insignificant. The gravitational harmonic J sub 2 of Neptune is 0.0043 plus or minus 0.0003 if Triton is as massive as m sub T/ M sub N = 0.00128, and if Neptune's spin is prograde with P approximately 18(h), or J sub 2 = 0.0037 plus or minus 0.0002 if Triton is much less massive. Triton undergoes extreme climatic variations due to the combined motion of it's orbit plane and Neptune's orbital motion. Approximately 10% of Triton's surface is presently hidden from diurnal insolation, which may provide a powerful cold trap for atmospheric voltatiles.

A W Harris↗
NASA NTRS1988

Physical properties of asteroids

Infrared photometry at 1.2, 1.6 and 2.2 micrometer provides a relatively rapid and accurate method for the classification of asteroids and is important for comparison with laboratory measurements of meteorites and other possible compositional analogues. Extension beyond the visual is espicially useful for minerals which have strong characteristic infrared colors such as olivine in the A class asteroids. Radiometry at long infrared wavelengths is important for deriving basic physical parameters (via thermal models) such as size and albedo which in turn enables the conversion of relative colors to absolute reflectances. In particular, albedos are the only way to distinguish among the otherwise ambiguous E, M and P classes of asteroids. Infrared observations of 15 asteroids were made at the NASA infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea in 1987. Researchers completed the analysis of 22 Aten, Apollo and Amor asteroids. Results include albedos and diameters for these objects as well as the identification of the first known class M and Class E near-Earth asteroids. The standard thermal model appears to be inadequate for some of these small asteroids because of their coarse regolith, so researchers constructed a rotating thermal model for such asteroids. They have identified a subtle systematic difference between the sub-populations of large and small IRAS asteroids as well as several anomalous objects.

Veeder, Glenn J.↗