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At least 145 records · Page 8

Resummation with Wilson lines off the light cone

I review the resummation formalism for organizing large logarithms in perturbative expansion of collinear subprocesses through the variation of Wilson lines off the light cone. A master equation is derived, which involves the evolution kernel resulting from this variation. It is then demonstrated that all the known single- and double-logarithm summations for a parton distribution function or a transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution can be reproduced from the master equation by applying appropriate soft-gluon approximations to the evolution kernel. Moreover, jet substructures, information which is crucial for particle identification at the Large Hadron Collider and usually acquired from event generators, can also be calculated in this formalism.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Measurement of the E+ E- to Pi+ Pi- (Gamma) Cross Section with the ISR Method with BaBar

A precision measurement of the cross section for the process e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}({gamma}) is presented with the radiative return method with the high statistics data accumulated by BaBar at the {Upsilon}(4S). The luminosity is determined from the study of the corresponding leptonic process e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}({gamma}), thus cancelling several factors and reducing the overall systematic uncertainty. Trigger, tracking, particle identification, and kinematic-fit {chi}{sup 2} efficiencies are evaluated from data in the same environment. Additional radiation from the initial and the final states is studied in both processes. The analysis covers the mass range between threshold and 5 GeV. Preliminary results are presented here between 0.5 and 3 GeV, with data samples of 513183 pion events and 445631 muon events. The systematic uncertainty in the main {rho} resonance region is 5.6 x 10{sup -3}. The measured mass dependent pion-pair cross section is compared with measurements from earlier experiments and used to compute the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution from the dominant {pi}{pi} channel to the muon magnetic anomaly.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Physics potential of timing layers in future collider detectors

The physics potential of timing layers with a few tens of pico-second resolution in the calorimeters of future collider detectors is explored here. These studies show how such layers can be used for particle identification and illustrate the potential for detecting new event signatures originating from physics beyond the standard model.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

ELECTRON–MUON IDENTIFICATION BY ATMOSPHERIC SHOWER AND ELECTRON BEAM IN A NEW EAS DETECTOR CONCEPT

We present results demonstrating the time resolution and μ/e separation capabilities of a new concept for an EAS detector capable of measuring cosmic rays arriving with large zenith angles. This kind of detector has been designed to be part of a large area (several square kilometer) surface array designed to measure ultra high energy (10–200 PeV) τ neutrinos using the Earth-skimming technique. A criterion to identify electron-gammas is also shown and the particle identification capability is tested by measurements in coincidence with the KASKADE-GRANDE experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Solid State Detectors Dedicated to Fast Timing

Development and implementation of 4D-trackers will play a key role at future machines. These detectors will reduce backgrounds, improve track reconstruction and Level-1triggering, and enable new capabilities for particle identification and reconstruction of long-lived particles. All of these pose unique challenges and opportunities to detector design. In this talk I will overview the currently available technologies and areas of active R&D, and proposed disruptive technologies to achieve the goals for future experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Search for anomalous production of multiple leptons in association with $W$ and $Z$ bosons at CDF

This paper presents a search for anomalous production of multiple low-energy leptons in association with a W or Z boson using events collected at the CDF experiment corresponding to 5.1 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity. This search is sensitive to a wide range of topologies with low-momentum leptons, including those with the leptons near one another. The observed rates of production of additional electrons and muons are compared with the standard model predictions. No indications of phenomena beyond the standard model are found. A 95% confidence level limit is presented on the production cross section for a benchmark model of supersymmetric hidden-valley Higgs production. Particle identification efficiencies are also provided to enable the calculation of limits on additional models.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

The GlueX central drift chamber: Design and performance

Tests and studies concerning the design and performance of the GlueX Central Drift Chamber (CDC) are presented. A full-scale prototype was built to test and steer the mechanical and electronic design. Small scale prototypes were constructed to test for sagging and to do timing and resolution studies of the detector. These studies were used to choose the gas mixture and to program a Monte Carlo simulation that can predict the detector response in an external magnetic field. Particle identification and charge division possibilities were also investigated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

The Physics Program of CLAS12

The experimental program to study nucleon structure at the 12-GeV upgraded JLab using the CLAS12 detector is presented here. The focus of this paper is on deeply virtual exclusive processes, giving access to the Generalized Parton Distributions, and semi-inclusive processes that allow extraction of Transverse Momentum Dependent distribution functions. With its wide acceptance, high luminosity, good resolution and particle identification capabilities, large Q2 and xB coverage (1<Q2<10 GeV2, 0.1<xB<0.8), CLAS12 is the ideal facility to pursue the research on the 3-dimensional structure of the nucleon in the valence region.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Characterization of light production and transport in tellurium dioxide crystals

Simultaneous measurement of phonon and light signatures is an effective way to reduce the backgrounds and increase the sensitivity of CUPID, a next-generation bolometric neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment. Light emission in tellurium dioxide (TeO$_2$) crystals, one of the candidate materials for CUPID, is dominated by faint Cherenkov radiation, and the high refractive index of TeO$_2$ complicates light collection. Positive identification of $0\nu\beta\beta$ events therefore requires high-sensitivity light detectors and careful optimization of light transport. A detailed microphysical understanding of the optical properties of TeO$_2$ crystals is essential for such optimization. We present a set of quantitative measurements of light production and transport in a cubic TeO$_2$ crystal, verified with a complete optical model and calibrated against a UVT acrylic standard. We measure the optical surface properties of the crystal, and set stringent limits on the amount of room-temperature scintillation in TeO$_2$ for $\beta$ and $\alpha$ particles of 5.3 and 8 photons / MeV, respectively, at 90% confidence. Finally, the techniques described here can be used to optimize and verify the particle identification capabilities of CUPID.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Investigation of novel decay B _____ ____(2S)____K at BaBar

We investigate the undocumented B meson decay, B{sup +} {yields} {Psi}(2S){omega}K{sup +}. The data were collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collier operating at the {gamma}(4S) resonance, a center-of-mass energy of 10.58 GeV/c{sup 2}. The {gamma}(4S) resonance primarily decays to pairs of B-mesons. The BaBar collaboration at the PEP-II ring was located at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and was designed to study the collisions of positrons and electrons. The e{sup -}e{sup +} pairs collide at asymmetric energies, resulting in a center of mass which is traveling at relativistic speeds. The resulting time dilation allows the decaying particles to travel large distances through the detector before undergoing their rapid decays, a process that occurs in the in the center of mass frame over extremely small distances. As they travel through silicon vertex trackers, a drift chamber, a Cerenkov radiation detector and finally an electromagnetic calorimeter, we measure the charge, energy, momentum, and particle identification in order to reconstruct the decays that have occurred. While all well understood mesons currently fall into the qq model, the quark model has no a priori exclusion of higher configuration states such as qqqq which has led experimentalists and theorists alike to seek evidence supporting the existence of such states. Currently, there are hundreds of known decay modes of the B mesons cataloged by the Particle Data Group, but collectively they only account for approximately 60% of the B branching fraction and it is possible that many more exist.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

First results from the HMPID detector in the ALICE experiment at LHC

The ALICE experiment is dedicated to the study of heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies. ALICE has a high-quality hadron identification system in the central region e.g. a Inner Tracking System, a large Time-Projection-Chamber, a Time-Of-Flight and the High Momentum Particle Identification Detector (HMPID). The ALICE HMPID detector has been designed to identify charged hadrons ({rho}, K, p) in the momentum range 1<p<5 GeV/c. Despite its limited geometrical acceptance, less than 10% of the central ALICE barrel, the HMPID detector has successfully accumulated enough statistics during the first proton-proton runs at LHC, to allow the detector alignment and to evaluate the calibration parameters needed to estimate its performance. Preliminary HMPID results from p-p collisions at {radical}(s) = 7 TeV and its future contribution to the ALICE physics programme, will be presented.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

A gaseous RICH detector for SiD or ILD

This paper describes a preliminary study of a gaseous Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) system capable of discriminating between kaons and pions at high momenta — up to 50 GeV/c — and thus enhancing particle identification at future colliders. The system possesses a compact design, facilitating easy integration into existing detector concepts. Here, a study of the key contributions to the Cherenkov angle resolution is also presented.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

The Belle II imaging Time-of-Propagation (iTOP) Detector

High precision flavor physics measurements are an essential complement to the direct searches for new physics at the LHC. Such measurements will be performed using the upgraded Belle II detector that will take data at the SuperKEKB accelerator. With 40x the luminosity of KEKB, the detector systems must operate eciently at much higher rates than the original Belle detector. A central element of the upgrade is the barrel particle identication system. Belle II has built and installed an imaging-Time-of-Propagation (iTOP) detector. The iTOP uses quartz optics as Cerenkov radiators. The photons are transported down the quart bars via total internal reection with a spherical mirror at the forwardend to reflect photons to the backward end where they are imaged onto an array of segmented Micro-Channel Plate Photo-Multiplier Tubes. The system is readout using gigsample per second waveform sampling Application-Specific Integrated Circuits that provide precise photon timing. The combined timing and spatial distribution of the photons for each event are used to determine particle species. This paper provides an overview of the iTOP system.

Fast, James E.↗

Reactions induced by {sup 7}Li beam and optimization of silicon detector telescope

Focus of this article is put on a method of compensating for non-uniformity of 50{mu}m thin silicon detectors, rather than measurement results. The same high sensitivity of particle identification on thin-detector thickness enables to accurately model thickness variation using the measurement data, rather than measuring the thickness separately.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Neutron Time Projection Chamber for Nuclear Security and Verification Applications

Detection of fast neutrons produced by fission is a powerful method for discovering, verifying the presence, or monitoring significant quantities of special nuclear material (SNM) at up to moderate distances. Fast neutrons are relatively rare in the natural background and can be very penetrating, even in situations when the energetic gamma-rays are well shielded. Fast neutrons point in the direction of their source and can thus be considered for use in imaging, a feature desirable for rapid, high-signal-to-noise detection of concealed SNM and for nuclear verification. We describe the development and performance of a prototype neutron time projection chamber (nTPC) and its use for directional neutron detection and high-resolution neutron imaging. The nTPC is based on {approx}0.025 m{sup 3} of a hydrogen-methane mixture and utilizes a readout system with low channel count and is optimized for low event rates. We experimentally demonstrate robust operation, reliable particle identification, event-by-event directional reconstruction over the entire 4{pi} solid angle, and insensitivity to gamma-rays. High-efficiency and high-resolution modes of operation based on single and double neutron scatters, respectively, have also been demonstrated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Study of Light Neutron-Rich Nuclei Using a Multilayer Semiconductor Setup

The characteristics of two modifications of the semiconductor (s.c.d.) setup consisting of telescopes on the basis of silicon detectors are presented. These settings allow performing a precision measurement of energy in a large dynamic range (from a few to hundreds of MeV) and particle identification in a wide range of masses. The issues of measurement of the characteristics of s.c.d. telescopes and their impact on the quality of the obtained experimental data are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the use of created semiconductor devices for the search for and spectroscopy of light exotic nuclei on the accelerators of PNPI (Gatchina) and LANL (Los Alamos).

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

High Energy Neutrino Physics with NOvA

Knowledge of the position of energy deposition in “hit” detector cells of the NOvA neutrino detector is required by algorithms for pattern reconstruction and particle identification necessary to interpret the raw data. To increase the accuracy of this process, the majority of NOvA's 350 000 far detector cell shapes, including distortions, were measured as they were constructed. Using a special laser scanning system installed at the site of the NOvA far detector in Ash River, MN, we completed algorithmic development and measured shape parameters for the far detector. The algorithm and the measurements are “published” in NOνA’s document database (doc #10389, “Cell Center Finder for the NOνA Far Detector Modules”).

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗