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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Sorption of noble gases by solids, with reference to meteorites. I - Magnetite and carbon

The trapping of meteoritic noble gases by solids is simulated through the synthesis of 18 Fe3O4 samples at 350-720 K in a noble gas atmosphere, by means of the reactions: (1) 3Fe + 4H2O yields Fe3O4 + 4H2, using Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe; and (2) 3Fe + 4CO yields Fe3O4 + 4C + carbides, using Xe. Etching experiments suggest an analogy with 'Phase Q' in meteorites. Adsorbed atmospheric gases are present in all samples, and dominate whenever the noble gas partial pressure in the atmosphere is greater than that in the synthesis. While many of the results of Lancet and Anders (1973) appear to have been dominated by such an atmospheric component, others are suspect. When the doubtful samples of Lancet and Anders are corrected or eliminated, the fractionation pattern no longer peaks at Ar, but rather, as in the present sample, rises monotonically from Ne to Xe. No evidence is found for the earlier study's claim of a strong temperature dependence.

Yang, J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Sorption of noble gases by solids, with reference to meteorites. II - Chromite and carbon. III - Sulfides, spinels, and other substances; on the origin of planetary gases

The trapping of noble gases by chromite and carbon, two putative carriers of primordial noble gases in meteorites, was studied by synthesizing 19 samples in a Ne-Ar-Kr-Xe atmosphere at 440-720 K. Noble gas contents are found to approximately obey Henry's Law, but only slight correlations are found with composition, surface area, or adsorption temperature. Geometric mean distribution coefficients for bulk samples and HCl residues in 10 cu cm STP/g atm are: Xe 100, Kr 15, Ar 3.5, and Ne 0.62. Elemental fractionation data support the suggestion of Lewis et al. (1977) that chromite and carbon in C2 and C3 chondrites were formed by the reaction: Fe, Cr + 4CO yields (Fe, Cr)3O4 + 4C + carbides. In contrast to meteoritic minerals, the synthetic specimens show no isotopic fractionation of noble gases. In a subsequent study, attention is given to the cases of sulfides and spinels, on the way to consideration of the origin of planetary gases. Sulfides showed three distinctive trends relative to chromite or magnetite. The elemental fractionation pattern of Ar, Kr and Xe in meteorites, terrestrial rocks and planets resembles the adsorption patterns on the carbons, spinels, sulfides, and other solids studied. The high release temperature of meteoritic noble gases may be explained by transformation of the physisorbed or chemisorbed gas. The ready loss of meteoritic heavy gases on surficial oxidation is consistent with adsorption, as is the high abundance.

Yang, J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Laboratory simulation of meteoritic noble gases. II - Sorption of xenon on carbon: Etching and heating experiments

The release of trapped Xe from amorphous-C phases of meteorites is simulated experimentally by HNO3 etching of carbon-black and pyrolyzed polyvinylidene chloride samples exposed to Xe-127 for 0.5-240 h at 100-1000 C and then degassed for 9 h or more at the same temperatures, as reported by Wacker et al. (1985). The results are presented in tables and graphs and characterized in detail. Samples exposed at 100-200 C are found to lose most of their Xe after etching to a depth of only about 20 pm, while those exposed at 800-1000 C exhibit a second more tightly bound component extending to a depth of 3 nm, indicative of diffusion of Xe during exposure and resembling planetary Xe. The higher noble-gas concentrations measured in meteorites are attributed to rate-controlled Xe uptake over a long period in the solar nebula.

Zadnik, M. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Improved heat switch for gas sorption compressor

Thermal conductivities of the charcoal bed and the copper matrix for the gas adsorption compressor were measured by the concentric-cylinder method. The presence of the copper matrix in the charcoal bed enhanced the bed conductance by at least an order of magnitude. Thermal capacities of the adsorbent cell and the heat leaks to two compressor designs were measured by the transient method. The new gas adsorption compressor had a heat switch that could transfer eight times more heat than the previous one. The cycle time for the new prototype compressor is also improved by a factor of eight to within the minute range.

Chan, C. K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Design and performance analysis of gas sorption compressors

Compressor kinetics based on gas adsorption and desorption processes by charcoal and for gas absorption and desorption processes by LaNi5 were analyzed using a two-phase model and a three-component model, respectively. The assumption of the modeling involved thermal and mechanical equilibria between phases or among the components. The analyses predicted performance well for compressors which have heaters located outside the adsorbent or the absorbent bed. For the rapidly-cycled compressor, where the heater was centrally located, only the transient pressure compared well with the experimental data.

Chan, C. K.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Sorption cooler technology development at JPL

Simple heating and cooling of chemisorption and physisorption compressors provide high pressure gas, which, when expanded through a Joule-Thomson (J- T) valve, can provide cooling from 0.3 to 200 K depending on the sorbent/gas combination. System life tests are under way on Pr(1-n)Ce(n)O(x)/O2 (PCO/O2) chemisorption compressors for 65-80 K cooling and on carbon/krypton (C/Kr) physisorption compressors for 120-140 K cooling. Investigations have been initiated to examine reliability physics issues related to critical compressor components such as sorbents, container materials and electrical heaters.

Jones, J. A.↗
NASA NTRS1993

High-Suction Hydride Sorption Pump

Improved design provides high pumping speed at low pressure. Hydride-forming powder retained in thin layer in contact with inner surface of stainless-steel tube. Configuration provides large surface area and short path for efficient transfer of heat and small resistance to flow.

Bard, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1994

Fast, Low-Duty-Cycle Sorption Refrigerators

Metal hydride/hydrogen-sorption refrigerators developed to provide rapid, intermittent cooling at temperatures between 30 and 10 K. In original application, refrigerators cool infrared detectors aboard spacecraft, exhausting heat to outer space via radiators at 250 K. Modified to cool scientific instrumentation on Earth with some loss of efficiency. Require no power during quick cooldown and low heating power during relatively long recharge periods.

Johnson, AL↗
NASA NTRS1999

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Adsorption/Desorption in Packed Sorption Beds Under Ideal and Non-Ideal Flows

The importance of the wall effect on packed beds in the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water on molecular sieve 5A of 0.127 cm in radius is examined experimentally and with one-dimensional computer simulations. Experimental results are presented for a 22.5-cm long by 4.5-cm diameter cylindrical column with concentration measurements taken at various radial locations. The set of partial differential equations are solved using finite differences and Newman's method. Comparison of test data with the axial-dispersed, non-isothermal, linear driving force model suggests that a two-dimensional model (submitted to Separation Science and Technology) is required for accurate simulation of the average column breakthrough concentration. Additional comparisons of test data with the model provided information on the interactive effects of carrier gas coadsorption with CO2, as well as CO2-H2O interactions.

Mohamadinejad, H.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Two Dimensional CO2 Adsorption/Desorption in Packed Sorption Beds under Non-Ideal Flows

The experimental results of CO2 adsorption and desorption in a packed column indicated that the concentration wave front at the center of the packed column differs from those which are close to the wall of column filled with adsorbent material even though the ratio of column diameter to the particle size is greater than 20. The comparison of the experimental results with one dimensional model of packed column shows that in order to simulate the average breakthrough in a packed column a two dimensional (radial and axial) model of packed column is needed. In this paper the mathematical model of a non-slip flow through a packed column with 2 inches in diameter and 18 inches in length filled with 5A zeolite pellets is presented. The comparison of experimental results of CO2 absorption and desorption for the mixed and central breakthrough of the packed column with numerical results is also presented.

Mohamadinejad, H.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Effect of modulator sorption on gradient shape in ion-exchange chromatography

Mobile phase additives, or modulators, are used in gradient elution chromatography to facilitate separation and reduce separation time. The modulators are usually assumed to be linearly adsorbed or unadsorbed. Here, the consequences of nonlinear modulator adsorption are examined for ion-exchange gradient elution through a series of simulations. Even when the buffer salt is identical to the modulator salt, gradient deformation is observed; the extent of deformation increases as the volume of the feed is increased. When the modulator salt is different from the buffer salt, unusual effects are observed, and the chromatograms are quite different from those predicted by classical gradient elution theory. In particular, local increases in the buffer concentration are found between feed bands, and serve to improve the separation. These effects become more pronounced as the feed volume increases, and could therefore prove valuable in preparative applications.

NASA Discipline Life Support Systems↗