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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Semiconductors

The movement of charges through a chiral medium results in a spin-polarized charge current. This phenomenon, known as the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, enables control over spin populations without the need for magnetic components and operates at room temperature. CISS has been discovered in a range of chiral media and most prominently studied in chiral organic molecular species. Chiral hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite semiconductors combine the unique and functional aspects of inorganic semiconductors with chiral molecules. The inorganic component borrows the homochirality of the organic component to yield a unique family of highly tunable chiral semiconductors, where the enantiomeric purity is defined by the organic component. Semiconductors already form the backbone of modern-day technologies. Adding chirality and control over spin through CISS provides new avenues for creative technological development. This review is intended to be an introduction to these unique systems and the demonstrations of CISS and spin control.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Transverse orbital angular momentum and polarization entangled spatiotemporal structured light

Intra-system entanglement occurs between non-separable modes within the same system. For optical systems, the various degrees of freedom of light represent different modes, and the potential use of light to create higher dimensional classical entangle states offers a promising potential to drive new technological developments. In this work, we present experimental results demonstrating the orthogonality between transverse orbital angular momentum (t-OAM) of different spatiotemporal topological charges, a previously unverified property of t-OAM. Based on those results, we developed methods to create and characterize a novel family of t-OAM and polarization entangled spatiotemporal structured light. We further provide theoretical analysis to support our study of the entanglement between those modes. By demonstrating the feasibility of leveraging t-OAM as a new family of modes for classical entanglement, our work represents a new advancement towards higher dimensional classical entanglement strategies.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Identifying Downtime Sources in CEBAF SRF Linac Systems for Improving Its Reliability

In this work, we will present some recent analysis of the reliability statistics of the CEBAF SRF linac systems. Based on the data collected by the existing Down Time Manager (DTM), the year-to-year downtime evolution trend of linac zones over the six-year period from FY18 to FY23 is established. An in-depth downtime analysis at a resolution beyond the linac zone level was carried out by introducing a new system hierarchy, consisting of the SRF linac sub-systems and components. This new paradigm was implemented in a pilot downtime study over the two-month period of CEBAF operation from 9/13/23 to 11/13/23, enabling localization of the responsible sub-systems (SRF, HPRF, LLRF, Beamline vacuum, Cryogenics, etc.) and hardware components (cavity, tuner, RF coupler, etc.) in the CEBAF SRF linac systems. Pinpointing downtime sources over long operation periods at the sub-systems and component levels holds the key to improving the CEBAF SRF systems reliability. It also helps identify areas of SRF technology development needed by future high-power high-reliability CW SRF linacs.

Hryhorenko, Oleksandr↗
DOE OSTI2024

Titanium-Cerium Electrode-Decoupled Redox Flow Batteries Integrated With Fossil Fuel Assets For Load-Following, Long-Duration Energy Storage

Operation of fossil plants at partial capacity with frequent cycling results in decreased efficiency, increased emissions and increased wear and maintenance. The objective of this project is to advance the integration of a titanium-cerium electrode-decoupled redox flow battery (RFB) system with conventional fossil-fueled power plants through technical and economic system-level studies and component scale-up and R&D. The Ti-Ce chemistry has a pathway to meet the DOE cost targets of $\$$100/kWh and $\$$0.05/kWh-cycle owing to the use of low-cost, earth abundant elemental actives and incorporation of inexpensive carbon felt electrodes and non-fluorinated anion exchange membrane (AEM) separators. The initial unit cell design was scaled up, with some modifications made to improve ease of manufacturing, from 25 cm 2 cell area to 400 cm 2 . Electrochemical tests demonstrated operation at a current density up to 50 mA/cm 2 , which is on par with other commercial RFB offerings. Furthermore, the Ti-Ce technology developed by WashU was evaluated and tested by industrial team partner, Giner, Inc., in their modular 3-cell stack. Several cell design modifications and alternate component material selections were successfully implemented to accommodate this chemistry while reducing polarization and leakage. Results from stack testing show high columbic efficiency and indicate that further optimization of cell compression and components will lead to successful operation of the Ti-Ce ED-RFB over longer duration at the multi-cell stack level. Engineering and cost analysis showed that an RFB system with power output on the order of 100 MW and with a charge/discharge duration of approx. 12 hours is the most cost effective for integration with fossil plants. At this scale, projected cycling of fossil fuel power plants can be significantly reduced. The use of a storage system is shown to reduce the fossil plant standalone cost of electricity by $\$$7/MWh, through increased capacity factor and improved average efficiency, in the scenario of high penetration of renewable power.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Solid State Solar Thermochemical Fuel (SoFuel) for Long Duration Storage

Efficient thermal storage systems, when coupled with renewable energy, enable the decarbonization of numerous industrial processes requiring high temperature steam or air, and provide a path for seasonal building heating, especially for colder climates. Existing thermal storage systems face a significant challenge due to losses inherent to all high temperature systems. A viable route to long-term storage is to use thermochemical reactions to convert concentrated solar energy to a fuel that is shelf-stable and can be stored at room temperature, thus eliminating losses associated with high temperature storage. The Solid-State Solar Thermochemical Fuel (SoFuel) technology developed by Michigan State University, Oregon State University, and Mississippi State University provides reactors and processes with minimal sensible heat losses and allows storing solar energy as a solid-state fuel at room temperature for long duration. The production of SoFuel occurs within a cylindrical cavity reduction chemical reactor that captures concentrated solar radiation from a solar field. Reactive magnesium manganese oxide (Mg-Mn-O) resides within the cylindrical cavity chemical reactor and undergoes thermal reduction as the temperature exceeds 1350°C. The thermally reduced Mg-Mn-O pellets (the SoFuel) are cooled down through a recuperative process and stored within a bin until used. The SoFuel can directly supply up to 1100°C heat to an adjacent power plant for electricity generation or industrial heating. Oxidation of SoFuel pellets occurs in a counter flow reactor and supplies heat to the user for electricity generation or industrial processing, after which the fuel is returned to the concentrating solar field where it is regenerated for re-use. Both reactors can be controlled well using a variety of strategies. With the low cost of the material, its cyclability, and the possibility of using the pelletized with on-sun reactors, or with electricity that would be curtailed, this project offers a viable option of medium- and long-term thermal energy storage.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

2024 OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report, Chapter 9: Beyond Single Marine Renewable Energy Devices: A System-wide Effects Approach

Global expansion of renewable energy, including marine renewable energy (MRE) technology development is necessary to mitigate the effects of climate change, facilitate a sustainable transition from carbon-based energy sources, and satisfy national energy security needs using locally produced electricity (European Commission 2022; IPCC 2023; IRENA 2020). As MRE engineering and research continue to focus on designing devices for deployment in nearshore and offshore waters around the world, researchers are also examining potential environmental effects on marine animals, habitats, and ecosystem processes. To date, the focus has been on interactions between small numbers of MRE devices (1-6) and the environment, such as collisions between animals and turbine blades, the effects of underwater noise and electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions, changes in habitats and oceanographic processes, risk of entanglement of animals, and displacement of animals (Boehlert & Gill 2010; Copping & Hemery 2020) (see Chapter 3).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗
DOE OSTI2024

Project No. 5: Evaluating Dredged Materials for Energy Storage Applications with Economic and Carbon Benefits (CRADA Final Report)

The New York Power Authority (NYPA) is committed to supporting the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) through its VISION2030 strategic plan. As a clean energy provider, NYPA is seeking to demonstrate leadership in every aspect of its business by taking a comprehensive approach to sustainability management and integrating sustainability principles into day-to-day decision-making. This effort includes planning for climate resilience through projects that mitigate climate risk in our operations and prioritize climate opportunities in our investments. Canal Corporation, a subsidiary of NYPA, is charged with maintaining minimum water depths for navigation in the Cayuga-Seneca, Champlain, Erie and Oswego Canals. In order to do so, an average volume of 280,000 cubic yards of sediment is dredged annually and held in Upland Disposal Sites (UDS) permitted by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC). The required on-land storage at UDSes are nearing capacity, and disposal opportunities are costly, both economically and environmentally. Novel energy storage technology developed by NREL provides an opportunity for meeting NYPA's need to find reuse options for dredged materials and commitment to providing clean reliable energy. This would also support NYPA's goal of developing 300 MW of utility scale storage and enabling 150 MW of distributed storage by 2030. NREL will consult NYPA on the environmental and economic impact of reusing dredged materials as useful commodities such as energy storage media, construction sand or industrial uses. Test and material characterization methods will be based on current NREL storage material characterization approaches. NREL worked with NYPA on sample preparation, material testing, test results analysis. Test and material characterization methods were based on current NREL storage material characterization approaches. The team analyzed the environmental and economic impact of reusing dredged materials as useful commodities such as energy storage media, construction sand or industrial uses. The test and analysis works have achieved the project goal in characterizing NYPA dredging materials and verifying their various uses including construction sand and thermal energy storage media. Uses of dredging materials as useful materials will bring economic and environmental benefits and avoid disposal costs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Preliminary Design and Testing of Candidate Coating Materials Applied to Inconel Bubblers for Improved Corrosion Resistance

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management Technology Development (EM-TD) has requested Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) evaluate ceramic coating materials that can extend the service life of Hanford melter bubblers. The proposed Task will focus on the development of ceramic coating materials for Inconel bubblers to reduce corrosion and increase the service life of the bubblers.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Industrial Carbon Capture from a Cement Facility Using the Cryocap™ FG Process

The objective of the project was to execute and complete front-end engineering and design (FEED) studies for commercial-scale, carbon capture projects that separate 95% of the total CO 2 emissions at an industrial facility, producing at least 100,000 metric tonnes/year of CO 2 for sequestration. The industrial facility selected is the Holcim (US) Ste. Genevieve cement manufacturing facility (the largest single kiln line in the world), while the carbon capture system selected is Pressure Swing Adsorption system (PSA) assisted Cryocap™ technology developed by Air Liquide. The industrial host site emits approximately 3 million tonnes CO 2 /year based on plant data from 2020-2022. The captured CO 2 will meet the requirements of transport (Pipeline Grade) and geological storage, and the geological storage facilities within 80 miles of the CO 2 source. The impact of the project on Environmental Justice and the regional economy was also analyzed.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Annual Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2023

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), one of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science’s 10 national laboratories, provides innovative science and technology development in the areas of energy and the environment, fundamental and computational science, and national security. There are three DOE offices within the Richland area. Two are responsible for the Hanford Site, whereas the Pacific Northwest Site Office oversees PNNL. PNNL prepares an Annual Site Environmental Report to meet the requirements of DOE Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety and Health Reporting, and DOE Order 458.1, Radiation Protection of the Public and the Environment, thus assuring that the public is informed of any PNNL-Richland campus or PNNL-Sequim campus event that could adversely affect the health and safety of the public, site staff, or the environment. The report provides a synopsis of ongoing environmental management performance and compliance activities for operations that occur at the PNNL-Richland campus in Richland, Washington, and at the PNNL-Sequim campus near Sequim, Washington. It describes the location of and background for each facility; addresses compliance with applicable DOE, federal, state, and local regulations, and site-specific permits; documents environmental monitoring efforts and their status; presents potential radiation doses to staff and the public in the surrounding areas; and describes DOE-required data quality assurance methods used for data verification. The ASER report describes Compliance with Federal, State, and Local Laws and Regulations in 2023, Environmental Sustainability, Environmental monitoring and dose assessment, Natural and Cultural Resource Management, and Quality Assurance activities that took place during Calendar Year 2023.

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2024

Cooled Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Analysis for NH 3 -CH 4 Fuel Mixes (Up to 100% NH 3 )

In this study, a cooled gas turbine (GT) analysis was conducted for varying levels of ammonia (NH 3 ) blends with methane. The ultimate goal is to have a gas turbine design that can be used for all the fuel blends (including 100% NH 3 ) without any changes to the system. The technological developments in the cooling system, gas turbine design, and materials that will be required for NH 3 combustion were identified and analyzed in this study to develop an advanced gas turbine design for NH 3 fuels. The study includes a combined cycle performance analysis with the NH 3 fuel blends using the advanced gas turbine design developed in this study. A techno-economic analysis was conducted for analyzing the impact of the NH 3 fuels on the levelized cost of electricity and cost sensitivities to fuel price and capacity factor.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Industrial Carbon Capture from a Cement Facility Using the Cryocap FG Process (FE0032136)

The project's objective was to execute and complete front-end engineering and design (FEED) studies for commercial-scale, carbon capture projects that separate 95% of the total CO2 emissions at an industrial facility, producing at least 100,000 metric tonnes/year of CO2 for sequestration. The industrial facility selected is the Holcim (US) Ste. Genevieve cement manufacturing facility (the largest single kiln line in the world), while the carbon capture system selected is Pressure Swing Adsorption system (PSA) assisted Cryocap™ technology developed by Air Liquide. The impact of the project on Environmental Justice and the regional economy was also analyzed.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2025

The 8RH 2 Process for Producing Clean Hydrogen with Autothermal Reforming and Carbon Capture

The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the commercial viability and environmental benefits of an 8 Rivers Hydrogen (8RH 2 ) process, a proprietary technology developed to optimally produce high-purity blue H 2 with up to 99% carbon capture. This 8RH 2 process is particularly notable for its integration of a low-energy cryogenic CO 2 separation system that not only maximizes hydrogen recovery but also minimizes the carbon footprint of the operation. This aligns with global environmental goals and supports the United States' push toward energy sustainability and independence.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Solid State Solar Thermochemical Fuel (SoFuel) for Long Duration Storage

Efficient thermal storage systems, when coupled with renewable energy, enable the decarbonization of numerous industrial processes requiring high temperature steam or air, and provide a path for seasonal building heating, especially for colder climates. Existing thermal storage systems face a significant challenge due to losses inherent to all high temperature systems. A viable route to long-term storage is to use thermochemical reactions to convert concentrated solar energy to a fuel that is shelf-stable and can be stored at room temperature, thus eliminating losses associated with high temperature storage. The Solid-State Solar Thermochemical Fuel (SoFuel) technology developed by Michigan State University, Oregon State University, and Mississippi State University provides reactors and processes with minimal sensible heat losses and allows storing solar energy as a solid-state fuel at room temperature for long duration. The production of SoFuel occurs within a cylindrical cavity reduction chemical reactor that captures concentrated solar radiation from a solar field. Reactive magnesium manganese oxide (Mg-Mn-O) resides within the cylindrical cavity chemical reactor and undergoes thermal reduction as the temperature exceeds 1350°C. The thermally reduced Mg-Mn-O pellets (the SoFuel) are cooled down through a recuperative process and stored within a bin until used. The SoFuel can directly supply up to 1100C heat to an adjacent power plant for electricity generation or industrial heating. Oxidation of SoFuel pellets occurs in a counter flow reactor and supplies heat to the user for electricity generation or industrial processing, after which the fuel is returned to the concentrating solar field where it is regenerated for re-use. Both reactors can be controlled well using a variety of strategies. With the low cost of the material, its cyclability, and the possibility of using the pelletized with on-sun reactors, or with electricity that would be curtailed, this project offers a viable option of medium- and long-term thermal energy storage.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Orbital Debris IC Report

We started a simulation campaign in support of our ongoing plasma signatures of small orbital debris project SINTRA program funded by IARPA. This project aims to identify plasma signatures generated by the interaction of small orbital debris (>10cm) with space plasma that can be used for detection, tracking and eventually, develop technologies to remove these small but lethal objects. The small orbital debris problem is increasing exponentially threaten the current and future use of space.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electromagnetic shower reconstruction in the ICARUS liquid argon time projection chamber detector

The ICARUS-T600 liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) detector is taking data at shallow depth as the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab, to search for a possible sterile neutrino signal at $\Delta m^{2} \approx 1~\text{eV}^{2}$ with the Booster (BNB) and Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beams at $\GeV{\sim 0.8}$ and $\GeV{\sim 2}$ average energies respectively. The LArTPC technology, developed by the ICARUS collaboration and now a standard in neutrino physics, offers impressive charged-particle imaging capabilities with $\sim1 \ \text{mm}$ spatial resolution, enabling efficient discrimination between track-like signatures (e.g., from muons, pions, and protons) and electromagnetic showers (from electrons and photons). Moreover, electron and photon signatures can be distinguished both with the calorimetric measurement of local energy depositions at the shower start and with the cm-scale conversion gap signature of photons. This contribution discusses event reconstruction at ICARUS focusing on Pandora, a multi-algorithm pattern recognition software widely used in LArTPC experiments. Over a hundred Pandora algorithms and tools are used to reconstruct cosmic rays and neutrino interactions in the ICARUS detector. Recent developments have focused on the reconstruction of electromagnetic shower signatures, crucial to ensure a robust and efficient reconstruction of charged-current $\nu_e$ interactions, which serve as a key signature of sterile neutrino oscillations at SBN. In this contribution, recent improvements to the reconstruction are discussed, focusing on the discrimination between tracks and electromagnetic showers using neutrino simulations and data.

Triozzi, Riccardo [Padua U.; INFN, Padua] (ORCID:0↗