THE SENSORY RECEPTOR ORGAN AND QUANTITATIVE MECHANISM OF HUMAN TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN WARM ENVIORNMENT
Quantitative determination of human body temperature regulating mechanism
RECEPTOR↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Thermal scale modeling of the temperature control model of Mariner Mars 64, phase II
Equilibrium temperature testing on thermal scale model of Mariner Mars 64 spacecraft bus
MARS SPACECRAFT↗
Ion Temperature Control of the Io Plasma Torus
We report on observational and theoretical studies of ion temperature in the Io plasma torus. Ion temperature is a critical factor for two reasons. First, ions are a major supplier of energy to the torus electrons which power the intense EUV emissions. Second, ion temperature determines the vertical extent of plasma along field lines. Higher temperatures spread plasma out, lowers the density and slows reaction rates. The combined effects can play a controlling role in torus energetics and chemistry. An unexpected tool for the study of ion temperature is the longitudinal structure in the plasma torus which often manifests itself as periodic brightness variations. Opposite sides of the torus (especially magnetic longitudes 20 and 200 degrees) have been observed on numerous occasions to have dramatically different brightness, density, composition, ionization state, electron temperature and ion temperature. These asymmetries must ultimately be driven by different energy flows on the opposite sides, presenting an opportunity to observe key torus processes operating under different conditions. The most comprehensive dataset for the study of longitudinal variations was obtained by the Cassini UVIS instrument during its Jupiter flyby. Steffl (Ph.D. thesis, 2005) identified longitudinal variations in all the quantities listed above wit the exception of ion temperature. We extend his work by undertaking the first search for such variation in the UVIS dataset. We also report on a 'square centimeter' model of the torus which extend the traditional 'cubic centimeter' models by including the controlling effects of ion temperature more completely.
Delamere, P. A.↗
Analysis, approximation, and computation of a coupled solid/fluid temperature control problem
An optimization problem is formulated motivated by the desire to remove temperature peaks, i.e., 'hot spots', along the bounding surfaces of containers of fluid flows. The heat equation of the solid container is coupled to the energy equations for the fluid. Heat sources can be located in the solid body, the fluid, or both. Control is effected by adjustments to the temperature of the fluid at the inflow boundary. Both mathematical analyses and computational experiments are given.
Gunzburger, Max D.↗
Miniature Temperature-Control Circuit
Operates on any power supply voltage from 6 to 28 volts. Miniature thermostate circuit controls electric heating element to maintain constant temperature in oven or other thermal environment.
Couch, R. H.↗
Poster: Hardware-Based Demonstration of Temperature Control Functions for Reactor Systems
Autonomous thermal regulation in nuclear reactors remains crucial for maintaining stable operation and ensuring the integrity of fuel. To alleviate public skepticism of the safety of nuclear reactors, demonstrating control over this key factor is pivotal. Utilizing electric heat pads to simulate the heat released in a reactor core, thermocouples for temperature monitoring, and an Arduino micro programmable logic controller (PLC) with an embedded proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm for control, a hardware-based demonstration of a reactor heating system will validate the efficacy of reactor control over this key parameter.
21 - SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLAN↗
Project Presentation: Hardware-Based Demonstration of Temperature Control Functions for Reactor Systems
Autonomous thermal regulation in nuclear reactors remains crucial for maintaining stable operation and ensuring the integrity of fuel. To alleviate public skepticism of the safety of nuclear reactors, demonstrating control over this key factor is pivotal. Utilizing electric heat pads to simulate the heat released in a reactor core, thermocouples for temperature monitoring, and an Arduino micro programmable logic controller (PLC) with an embedded proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm for control, a hardware-based demonstration of a reactor heating system will validate the efficacy of reactor control over this key parameter. This report covers internship project presentation as well as relevant experience with nuclear and proposal for project upgrade.
21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
A liquid cooled garment temperature controller based on sweat rate
An automatic controller for liquid cooled space suits is reported that utilizes human sweat rate as the primary input signal. The controller is so designed that the coolant inlet temperature is inversely proportional to the subject's latent heat loss as evidenced by evaporative water loss.
Chambers, A. B.↗
Temperature-Control Apparatus For Hydrogen Maser
Thermal-control apparatus maintains hydrogen maser at nearly constant temperature during long-term operational test. Designed to maintain, in small cylindrical vacuum tank containing maser, nearly isothermal condition when test conducted in air. Provides approximation of more nearly isothermal condition expected to be maintained in intended application, in which maser operated in vacuum environment and losses of heat reduced further by multilayer reflective insulation.
Vessot, R. F. C.↗
Internal Temperature Control For Vibration Testers
Vibration test fixtures with internal thermal-transfer capabilities developed. Made of aluminum for rapid thermal transfer. Small size gives rapid response to changing temperatures, with better thermal control. Setup quicker and internal ducting facilitates access to parts being tested. In addition, internal flows smaller, so less energy consumed in maintaining desired temperature settings.
Dean, Richard J.↗
Cooling device featuring thermoelectric and diamond materials for temperature control of heat-dissipating devices
A cooling device for lowering the temperature of a heat-dissipating device. The cooling device includes a heat-conducting substrate (composed, e.g., of diamond or another high thermal conductivity material) disposed in thermal contact with the heat-dissipating device. During operation, heat flows from the heat-dissipating device into the heat-conducting substrate, where it is spread out over a relatively large area. A thermoelectric cooling material (e.g., a Bi.sub.2 Te.sub.3 -based film or other thermoelectric material) is placed in thermal contact with the heat-conducting substrate. Application of electrical power to the thermoelectric material drives the thermoelectric material to pump heat into a second heat-conducting substrate which, in turn, is attached to a heat sink.
Vandersande, Ian W.↗
Studies relating to temperature control of a large scale telescope
Analytical methods are developed for estimating the circumferential and longitudinal temperature distributions in a large space telescope, idealized as a simple insulated tube with a flat mirror across one end. The effects of wall conduction, multilayer insulation, thermal coatings, heat pipes, and heated collars are analyzed, with numerical examples. For most of the study, the only thermal input to the tube was assumed to be from steady solar irradiation from one side, as in a geosynchronous orbit. Unsteady heat flow through the insulation, as in alternating sunlight and shadow of a low orbit, is briefly discussed.
Katzoff, S.↗
Differential Temperature Control of Electrical Heaters
Energy savings realized from heaters that maintain low humidity in electrical equipment. Unit applies power to electrical-equipment heater only when equipment temperature drops below preset differential above ambient. With differential controller, power consumed only 118 kWh for savings of 410 kWh/day, or 77-percent energy savings.
Cole, K. N.↗
Reverse-Acting Temperature-Control Louvers
Louvers configured to accept rather than reject heat. Visually identical to those that open with increasing temperature, only difference being that bimetallic spring actuates open and closing mounted backwards to obtain reverse function.
Stultz, James W.↗
Adaptive damping for spacecraft by temperature control
In most structural response and stability problems, the structural damping is a significant parameter, and its prediction is often an educated guess because of uncertainties in damping values. Present practice is to assume a conservative lower bound of the damping value, which can result in the 'overdesign' of structures because the experimentally determined damping may be as much as an order of magnitude larger than the value used for the design. This paper presents the concept of adaptive damping, whose objective is to use the damping material's temperature dependence as a control parameter to adjust the damping value. The present application is to limit the response of a structure when subjected to high excitation forces. Preliminary results show a doubling of the damping ratio in a simple beam structure.
Wada, B. K.↗
Temperature-Controlled Clamping and Releasing Mechanism
A report describes the development of a mechanism that automatically clamps upon warming and releases upon cooling between temperature limits of approx. =180 K and approx. =293 K. The mechanism satisfied a need specific to a program that involved repeated excursions of a spectrometer between a room-temperature atmospheric environment and a cryogenic vacuum testing environment. The mechanism was also to be utilized in the intended application of the spectrometer, in which the spectrometer would be clamped for protection during launch of a spacecraft and released in the cold of outer space to allow it to assume its nominal configuration for scientific observations. The mechanism is passive in the sense that its operation does not depend on a control system and does not require any power other than that incidental to heating and cooling. The clamping and releasing action is effected by bolt-preloaded stacks of shape-memory-alloy (SMA) cylinders. In designing this mechanism, as in designing other, similar SMA mechanisms, it was necessary to account for the complex interplay among thermal expansion, elastic and inelastic deformation under load, and SMA thermomechanical properties.
Rosing, David↗
Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) superfluid helium tank temperature control
The infrared detectors on the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), which was placed into a polar orbit in January 1983, are cooled to a temperature of less than 3 K by thermal coupling to the main cryogenic tank (MCT) containing superfluid helium. A porous plug built into the vent line entrance acts as a superfluid helium liquid/vapor separator in zero gravity. A description of the IRAS MCT flight porous plug is presented, and tests of the plug in situ are discussed, taking into account submerged plug tests, a restart test, and a cold vapor flow test. Aspects of flow rate determination in the case of an unavailability of flight flow rate data are also considered.
Petrac, D.↗