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Results for “Three dimensional motion”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

A functional video-based anthropometric measuring system

A high-speed anthropometric three dimensional measurement system using the Selcom Selspot motion tracking instrument for visual data acquisition is discussed. A three-dimensional scanning system was created which collects video, audio, and performance data on a single standard video cassette recorder. Recording rates of 1 megabit per second for periods of up to two hours are possible with the system design. A high-speed off-the-shelf motion analysis system for collecting optical information as used. The video recording adapter (VRA) is interfaced to the Selspot data acquisition system.

Nixon, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Analytical and experimental study of mean flow and turbulence characteristics inside the passages of an axial flow inducer

The effort conducted to gather additional understanding of the complex inviscid and viscid effects existing within the passages of a three-bladed axial flow inducer operating at a flow coefficient of 0.065 is summarized. The experimental investigations included determination of the blade static pressure and blade limiting streamline angle distributions, and measurement of the three components of mean velocity, turbulence intensities and turbulence stresses at locations inside the inducer blade passage utilizing a rotating three-sensor hotwire probe. Applicable equations were derived for the hotwire data reduction analysis and solved numerically to obtain the appropriate flow parameters. Analytical investigations were conducted to predict the three-dimensional inviscid flow in the inducer by numerically solving the exact equations of motion, and to approximately predict the three-dimensional viscid flow by incorporating the dominant viscous terms into the exact equations. The analytical results are compared with the experimental measurements and design values where appropriate.

Gorton, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Development of Optical Diagnostic Techniques for Microgravity Materials Processing

Materials processing including crystal growth, either under a gravity environment on ground or a microgravity environment in space, involves complicated phenomena of fluid motions in gas or liquid phases as well as interaction of various species. To obtain important physical insight, it is very necessary to provide gross-field optical diagnostics for monitoring various physical properties. Materials processing inhibits easy access by ordinary instruments and thus characterizing gross-field physical properties is very challenging. Typical properties of importance can be fluid velocity, temperature, and species concentration for fluids, and surface topology and defects for solids. Observing surface grow rate during crystal growth is also important. Material microstructures, i.e., integrity of crystal structures, is strongly influenced by the existence of thermally-induced flow as well as local nucleation of particles during solidification, which may act in many detrimental ways. In both ground-based and microgravity experiments, the nature of product property changes resulting from three-dimensional fluid or particle motions need be characterized. Gross-field diagnostics is thus required to identify their effects on product defects and process deficiencies. The quantitative visualization techniques can also be used for validation of numerical modeling. For optical nonintrusive gross-field diagnostic techniques, two approaches were developed as summer projects. One optical approach allows us to provide information of species concentration and temperature for monitoring in real time. The other approach, that is, the concept which is formulated for detection of surface topography measurement can provide unprecedented spatial resolution during crystal growth.

Cha, Soyoung Stephen↗
DOE OSTI2026

On the role of symmetry in quenching OH tunneling in 2,6-dimethylphenol

Here, we model the spectroscopy of the two methyl torsional degrees of freedom coupled to the OH torsional motion in 2,6-dimethylphenol. Recent gas-phase rotational transitions [Welsh et al ., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 17 , 3749–3758 (2026)] have been interpreted to be the result of certain symmetry states of the methyl groups leading to the quenching of the OH torsional motion. Both a three-dimensional model and an adiabatic model, in which the OH torsion is treated as the slow mode, are developed to test these conjectures. Good agreement is found between the exact and approximate adiabatic models. The adiabatic model is developed to interpret and elucidate the key couplings leading to the quenching of the tunneling splitting.

Sibert, III, Edwin L. [Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison↗
NASA NTRS1969

Atmospheric probing by Doppler radar

A survey is presented of the application of Doppler techniques to the study of atmospheric phenomena. Particular emphasis is placed on the requirement of adequate digital processing means for the Doppler signal and the Doppler data which are acquired at a very high rate. The need is discussed of a two or three Doppler method as an ultimate approach to the problem of observing the three-dimensional field of particle motion inside convective storms.

Lhermitte, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Three-dimensional time dependent computation of turbulent flow

The three-dimensional, primitive equations of motion are solved numerically for the case of isotropic box turbulence and the distortion of homogeneous turbulence by irrotational plane strain at large Reynolds numbers. A Gaussian filter is applied to governing equations to define the large scale field. This gives rise to additional second order computed scale stresses (Leonard stresses). The residual stresses are simulated through an eddy viscosity. Uniform grids are used, with a fourth order differencing scheme in space and a second order Adams-Bashforth predictor for explicit time stepping. The results are compared to the experiments and statistical information extracted from the computer generated data.

Kwak, D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Electron dynamics in a plasma focus

Results are presented of a numerical integration of the three-dimensional relativistic equations of motion of electrons subject to given electric and magnetic fields deduced from experiments. Fields due to two different models are investigated. For the first model, the fields are those due to a circular distribution of axial current filaments. As the current filaments collapse toward the axis, large azimuthal magnetic and axial electric fields are induced. These fields effectively heat the electrons to a temperature of approximately 8 keV and accelerate electrons within the radius of the filaments to high axial velocities. Similar results are obtained for the current-reduction phase of focus formation. For the second model, the fields are those due to a uniform current distribution. Both the current-reduction and the compression phases were studied. These is little heating or acceleration of electrons during the compression phase because the electrons are tied to the magnetic field. However, during the current-reduction phase, electrons near the axis are accelerated toward the center electrode and reach energies of 100 keV. A criterion is obtained which limits the runaway electron current to about 400 A.

Hohl, F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Electron kinematics in a plasma focus

The results of numerical integrations of the three-dimensional relativistic equations of motion of electrons subject to given electric and magnetic fields are presented. Fields due to two different models are studied: (1) a circular distribution of current filaments, and (2) a uniform current distribution; both the collapse and the current reduction phases are studied in each model. Decreasing current in the uniform current model yields 100 keV electrons accelerated toward the anode and, as for earlier ion computations, provides general agreement with experimental results.

Hohl, F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

An optimal Space Shuttle ascent trajectory for the first orbital flight test

An optimal solution of the ascent trajectory of the Space Shuttle for the first orbital flight test is presented; the optimization is a minimum propellant, four-control problem in yaw angle, roll angle, pitch angle and vacuum thrust of each Space Shuttle main engine. Piecewise linear segments with juncture points treated as parameters are employed to model the controls. Equations of motion for a three-dimensional flight with pitch plane moment balance about an oblate are integrated numerically with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method; two- and one-dimensional cubic spline function curve fits of aerodynamic coefficients are used during the first and second stages, respectively. The constraint minimization problem is solved with the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell function method.

Johnson, I. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Investigations of coherent structures in free turbulent shear flows

The dynamics of large-scale coherent structures in general, and studies based on flow-visualization and phase-locked hot-wire measurements of the structures in the near fields of circular jets are considered. A study involving the nature of coherent structures under conditions of stable vortex pairing induced by controlled axisymmetric acoustic excitation reveals that azimuthal coherence initially enhanced by the excitation is lost before the end of the potential core through evolution of azimuthal lobe structures and turbulent breakdown. The evolution of a spark-induced spot in an axisymmetric turbulent mixing layer is also investigated, and the coherent Reynolds stress associated with the spot is found to be much higher than the background turbulence Reynolds stress. In addition, the state of organization in a high Reynolds number unperturbed axisymmetric mixing layer is examined, and it is shown that the shear layer is infrequently organized and the motions are intensely three-dimensional, while tearing and fractional pairing occur as frequently as complete pairing.

Hussain, A. K. M. F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Geometrically nonlinear analysis of layered composite shells

Two kinds of finite-element analyses are developed for the geometrically nonlinear study of the large deformations in laminated composite structures, especially shells. The first kind of finite-element analysis utilizes the general incremental variational formulation as well as the total Lagrangian description of motion, and a three-dimensional degenerate element is adopted. The second kind of analysis employs a formulation based on deformable shell theory, and the plate-bending element is used. Numerical results for bending are presented for five plate and shell structures of isotropic as well as orthotropic composition, including an isotropic cylindrical panel with uniform loading and a laminated cylindrical panel with uniform loading. The results obtained using these analyses are found to be in good agreement with those available in the literature.

Chao, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Tidal disruption and the origin of the Moon

The dynamic problem of the tidal disruption of a rocky planetismal was solved by a direct integration of the fully three-dimensional, nonlinear equations of motion. The hypothesis that any object that passes within the Roche limit is disrupted was disproven. A time dependent solution was performed numerically, treating the planetismal as a fluid with a Murnaghan equation of state in the solid regions and zero pressure otherwise. Calculations show that a rocky body which passes by the Earth on a parabolic orbit with a perigee within the Roche limit is not tidally disrupted. Objects on hyperbolic orbits would experience even less tidal disruption. The results herein do not apply to bodies with very low viscosity. It is shown, however, that tidal disruption can be ruled out as a mechanism for reducing planetismal masses. Mechanisms for forming the Moon which rely upon tidal disruption are unlikely to be correct.

Mizuno, H.↗
NASA NTRS1996

ILIAD Testing; and a Kalman Filter for 3-D Pose Estimation

This report presents the results of a two-part project. The first part presents results of performance assessment tests on an Internet Library Information Assembly Data Base (ILIAD). It was found that ILLAD performed best when queries were short (one-to-three keywords), and were made up of rare, unambiguous words. In such cases as many as 64% of the typically 25 returned documents were found to be relevant. It was also found that a query format that was not so rigid with respect to spelling errors and punctuation marks would be more user-friendly. The second part of the report shows the design of a Kalman Filter for estimating motion parameters of a three dimensional object from sequences of noisy data derived from two-dimensional pictures. Given six measured deviation values represendng X, Y, Z, pitch, yaw, and roll, twelve parameters were estimated comprising the six deviations and their time rate of change. Values for the state transiton matrix, the observation matrix, the system noise covariance matrix, and the observation noise covariance matrix were determined. A simple way of initilizing the error covariance matrix was pointed out.

Richardson, A. O.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A numerical and experimental study of three-dimensional liquid sloshing in a rotating spherical container

A numerical and experimental study of three dimensional liquid sloshing inside a partially-filled spherical container undergoing an orbital rotating motion is described. Solutions of the unsteady, three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for the case of a gradual spin-up from rest are compared with experimental data obtained using a rotating test rig fitted with two liquid-filled spherical tanks. Data gathered from several experiments are reduced in terms of a dimensionless free surface height for comparison with transient results from the numerical simulations. The numerical solutions are found to compare favorably with the experimental data.

Chen, Kuo-Huey↗
NASA NTRS1991

Apparent extended body motions in depth

Five experiments were designed to investigate the influence of three-dimensional (3-D) orientation change on apparent motion. Projections of an orientation-specific 3-D object were sequentially flashed in different locations and at different orientations. Such an occurrence could be resolved by perceiving a rotational motion in depth around an axis external to the object. Consistent with this proposal, it was found that observers perceived curved paths in depth. Although the magnitude of perceived trajectory curvature often fell short of that required for rotational motions in depth (3-D circularity), judgments of the slant of the virtual plane on which apparent motions occurred were quite close to the predictions of a model that proposes circular paths in depth.

Hecht, Heiko↗
NASA NTRS1989

An algorithm for the systematic disturbance of optimal rotational solutions

An algorithm for introducing a systematic rotational disturbance into an optimal (i.e., single axis) rotational trajectory is described. This disturbance introduces a motion vector orthogonal to the quaternion-defined optimal rotation axis. By altering the magnitude of this vector, the degree of non-optimality can be controlled. The metric properties of the distortion parameter are described, with analogies to two-dimensional translational motion. This algorithm was implemented in a motion-control program on a three-dimensional graphic workstation. It supports a series of human performance studies on the detectability of rotational trajectory optimality by naive observers.

Grunwald, Arthur J.↗
NASA NTRS1959

A Generalized Hydrodynamic-Impact Theory for the Loads and Motions of Deeply Immersed Prismatic Bodies

A theory is derived for determining the loads and motions of a deeply immersed prismatic body. The method makes use of a two-dimensional water-mass variation and an aspect-ratio correction for three-dimensional flow. The equations of motion are generalized by using a mean value of the aspect-ratio correction and by assuming a variation of the two-dimensional water mass for the deeply immersed body. These equations lead to impact coefficients that depend on an approach parameter which, in turn, depends upon the initial trim and flight-path angles. Comparison of experiment with theory is shown at maximum load and maximum penetration for the flat-bottom (0 deg dead-rise angle) model with bean-loading coefficients from 36.5 to 133.7 over a wide range of initial conditions. A dead-rise angle correction is applied and maximum-load data are compared with theory for the case of a model with 300 dead-rise angle and beam-loading coefficients from 208 to 530.

Markey, Melvin F.↗