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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

The effect of personal equation on measurements of the solar semi-diameter by transit circle observers

Cape Observatory transit circle measurements of systematic trends in the semi-diameter of the sun (1834, 1861-1871, 1884-1892) are considered, and an analysis of Washington six inch observations (1899-1903, 1911-1918, 1956-1971, 1975-1981) is given. A discordance between horizontal and vertical results in Cape measurements implies that these measurements are inaccurate due to the use of personal equations. The Washington measurements consider observational corrections and instrumental techniques, and it is thus concluded that no secular change in solar diameter has occurred.

Smith, C.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Length to diameter ratio and row number effects in short pin fin heat transfer

The relative effects of pin length to diameter ratio and of pin row geometry on the heat transfer from pin fins, was determined. Array averaged heat transfer coefficients on pin and endwall surfaces were measured for two configurations of staggered arrays of short pin fins (length to diameter ratio of 4). One configuration contained eight streamwise rows of pins, while the other contained only four rows. Results showed that both the 8-row and the 4-row configurations for an L sub p/D of 4, exhibit higher heat transfer than in similar tests on shorter pin fns (L sub p/D of 1/2 and 2). It was also found that for this L sub p/D ratio, the array averaged heat transfer was slightly higher with eight rows of staggered pins than with only four rows.

Brigham, B. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Diameters and albedos of satellites of Uranus

Products of the masses of the five known satellites of Uranus, and estimates of their bulk densities and surface albedos, are used to infer their probable dimensions. Spectrophotometry has established the presence of water ice on the surfaces of all save Rhea, and the brightnesses of the satellites have been measured photoelectrically. The diameter measurements presented were made using a photometric/radiometric technique, whose recent recalibration, using independent solar system object measurements, has yielded absolute accuracies better than 5 per cent. The new albedo measurements show that Umbriel, Titania and Oberon are similar to the Jupiter moon Callisto, while Ariel resembles the Saturn moon Hyperion. The diameters of all four are similar to those of the large, icy Saturn satellites Rhea and Iapetus.

Brown, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Diameters of Triton and Pluto

The Neptune satellite Triton and the planet Pluto, whose diameter and albedo must be estimated by indirect methods, invite comparative study because of their similar brightness and current distance of 30 AU from the sun. IR spectroscopy has detected methane on both objects. Upper limits are given for the thermal IR emission from these objects which allow the determination of significant upper diameter limits. It is also demonstrated that both are high albedo objects, excluding the possibility that Triton is the largest planetary satellite and consistent with the small Pluto dimensions deduced from other data

Morrison, D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The diameter of 375 Ursula from its occultation of AG + 39 deg 303

A value of 216 + or - 10 km for the mean diameter of Ursula is given, based on photometric measurements and observations of the occultation of AG + 39 deg 303, a K-type star of visual magnitude 8.8, by 375 Ursula on November 15, 1982. From the occultation diameter and the absolute visual magnitudes presented, the visual geometric albedo of Ursula is determined to be 0.032, similar to the value typical of C-type asteroids.

Millis, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Length to diameter ratio and row number effects in short pin fin heat transfer

The relative effects of pin length to diameter ratio and of pin row geometry on the heat transfer from pin fins, was determined. Array averaged heat transfer coefficients on pin and endwall surfaces were measured for two configurations of staggered arrays of short pin fins (length to diameter ratio of 4). One configuration contained eight streamwise rows of pins, while the other contained only four rows. Results showed that both the 8-row and the 4-row configurations for an L sub p/D of 4, exhibit higher heat transfer than in similar tests on shorter pin fins (L sub p/D of 1/2 and 2). It was also found that for this L sub p/D ratio, the array averaged heat transfer was slightly higher with eight rows of staggered pins than with only four rows. Previously announced in STAR as N83-14431

Brigham, B. A.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Ring-diameter Ratios for Multi-ring Basins Average 2.0(0.5)D

The spacing of the concentric rings of planetary impact basins was studied. It is shown that a radial increment of x (sup 0.5) D, where x is about 2.0 and D = ring diameter, separates both (1) adjacent least-squares groups of rings and arcs of multi-ring basins on Mars, Mercury, and the Moon; and (2) adjacent rings of individual basins on the three planets. Statistics for ratios of ring diameters are presented, the first and most-applied parameter of ring spacing. It is found that ratios excluding rings flanking the main ring also have a mean spacing increment of about 2.0. Ratios including such rings, as for the least-squares groups, and (1) above, have a larger increment, averaging 2.1. The F-test indicates, that these spacings of basin ring locations, and mode of ring formation are controlled by the mechanics of the impact event itself, rather than by crustal properties.

Pike, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Determination of convective diffusion heat/mass transfer rates to burner rig test targets comparable in size to cross-stream jet diameter

Two sets of experiments have been performed to be able to predict the convective diffusion heat/mass transfer rates to a cylindrical target whose height and diameter are comparable to, but less than, the diameter of the circular cross-stream jet, thereby simulating the same geometric configuration as a typical burner rig test specimen located in the cross-stream of the combustor exit nozzle. The first set exploits the naphthalene sublimation technique to determine the heat/mass transfer coefficient under isothermal conditions for various flow rates (Reynolds numbers). The second set, conducted at various combustion temperatures and Reynolds numbers, utilized the temperature variation along the surface of the above-mentioned target under steady-state conditions to estimate the effect of cooling (dilution) due to the entrainment of stagnant room temperature air. The experimental information obtained is used to predict high temperature, high velocity corrosive salt vapor deposition rates in burner rigs on collectors that are geometrically the same. The agreement with preliminary data obtained from Na2SO4 vapor deposition experiments is found to be excellent.

Gokoglu, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Determination of convective diffusion heat/mass transfer rates to burner rig test targets comparable in size to cross-stream jet diameter

Two sets of experiments have been performed to be able to predict the convective diffusion heat/mass transfer rates to a cylindrical target whose height and diameter are comparable to, but less than, the diameter of the circular cross-stream jet, thereby simulating the same geometric configuration as a typical burner rig test specimen located in the cross-stream of the combustor exit nozzlle. The first set exploits the naphthalene sublimation technique to detetermine the heat/mass transfer coefficient under isothermal conditions for various flow rates (Reynolds numbers). The second set, conducted at various combustion temperatures and Reynolds numbers, utilized the temperature variation along the surface of the above-mentioned target under steady-state conditions to estimate the effect of cooling (dilution) due to the entrainment of stagnant room temperature air. The experimental information obtained is used to predict high temperature, high velocity corrosive salt vapor deposition rates in burner rigs on collectors that are geometrically the same. The agreement with preliminary data obtained from Na2S04 vapor deposition experiments is found to be excellent.

Gokoglu, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Design and development of a large diameter high pressure fast acting propulsion valve and valve actuator

The design and development of a large diameter high pressure quick acting propulsion valve and valve actuator is described. The valve is the heart of a major test facility dedicated to conducting full scale performance tests of aircraft landing systems. The valve opens in less than 300 milliseconds releasing a 46-centimeter- (18-in.-) diameter water jet and closes in 300 milliseconds. The four main components of the valve, i.e., valve body, safety shutter, high speed shutter, and pneumatic-hydraulic actuator, are discussed. This valve is unique and may have other aerospace and industrial applications.

Srinivasan, K. V.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Making Jointless Dual-Diameter Tubes

Welds between sections having different diameters eliminated. Single tube made with integral tapered transition section between straight sections of different diameters and wall thicknesses. Made from single piece; contains no joints, welded or otherwise. Not prone to such weld defects as voids and need not be inspected for them. Tube fabricated by either of two methods: drawing or reduction. Both methods used to fabricate tubes of 316L corrosion-resistant stainless steel for use as heat-exchanger coil.

Kirkham, Kathleen E.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Making Reliable Large-Diameter O-Rings

Vacuum curing yields joint-free, voidless elastomer seals. Method for manufacturing large-diameter O-rings produces them in single pieces, without bonded joints. Reduces probability trapped gases form flaws. O-rings produced, having diameters as much as 144 in. (3.66m), reliable and of high quality. Nesting upper and lower halves of mold hold elastomer rings for curing. Oil flowing through upper and lower cavities heats elastomer to cure it.

Larsen, Glade L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Systematic biases in radiometric diameter determinations

Radiometric diameter determinations are presently shown to often be significantly affected by the effect of rotation. This thermal effect of rotation depends not only on the object's thermal inertia, rotation rate, and pole orientation, but also on its temperature, since colder objects having constant rotation rate and thermal inertia will radiate less of their heat on the diurnal than on the nocturnal hemisphere. A disk-integrated beaming parameter of 0.72 is determined for the moon, and used to correct empirically for the roughness effects in thermophysical models; the standard thermal model is found to systematically underestimate cold object diameters, while overstating their albedos.

Spencer, John R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

A 50 cm diameter annular ion engine

An ion engine design is presented which uses an annular geometry as a means of achieving large engine diameters and hence, high thrust levels. Preliminary results are discussed for discharge-only operation of a 50-cm-diameter annular ion engine. Measured operating parameters presented include discharge current and voltage characteristics, discharge chamber ion current distribution, engine body temperatures, plasma flatness parameter effects and total integrated grid ion current.

Aston, Graeme↗
NASA NTRS1990

Measuring Diameters Of Large Vessels

Computerized apparatus produces accurate results quickly. Apparatus measures diameter of tank or other large cylindrical vessel, without prior knowledge of exact location of cylindrical axis. Produces plot of inner circumference, estimate of true center of vessel, data on radius, diameter of best-fit circle, and negative and positive deviations of radius from circle at closely spaced points on circumference. Eliminates need for time-consuming and error-prone manual measurements.

Currie, James R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The effect of length and diameter on the resistivity of bromine intercalated graphite fibers

The resistivity of bromine intercalated graphite fibers has been shown to vary with both the diameter and the length of the fibers. This is due to bromine depletion from the fiber surface. Model calculations assuming a 1.0 micron bromine depletion zone for P-100, and 3.0 microns for vapor-grown graphite fibers fit the respective diameter dependence of their resistivities quite well. Length dependence data imply a bromine depletion zone along the length of P-100 fibers which is also a few microns, but that of vapor grown fibers appears to be as large as 300 microns. Despite these values, microfilaments, which are much smaller than the expected depletion zones, do form residual bromine intercalation compounds with resistivities about one-half of their pristine value.

Gaier, James R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Crystal-melt interface shape of Czochralski-grown large diameter germanium crystals

Crystal-melt interface shapes of 100 to 200 mm diameter 111-line Ge grown by the Czochralski technique have been examined using the method of fast withdrawal from the melt. Initially, the interface shape is convex, then transforms gradually into a sigmoidal shape, becomes nearly planar at about one third of the final crystal length, and finally assumes a concave profile with progressively increasing curvature. The nearly planar interface has a double-facet structure, with an annular facet at the edge of the crystal in addition to the central (111) facet. Formation of the annular facet is accompanied by a giant oscillation of the pull rate when the maximum average pull rate is exceeded. Such oscillation is detrimental to crystal quality, since it introduces a region of high dislocation density. An average pull rate maximum of 2 cm/h has been found to allow for a smooth growth of 200 mm diameter crystals. The origin of the pull rate perturbation is discussed in terms of an instantaneous change in the equilibrium shape of the meniscus.

Roth, M.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Constraints on the diameter and albedo of 2060 Chiron

Asteroid 2060 Chiron is the largest known object exhibiting cometary activity. Radiometric observations made in 1983 from a ground-based telescope and the IRAS are used to examine the limits on Chiron's diameter and albedo. It is argued that Chiron's surface temperature distribution at that time is best described by an 'isothermal latitude' or 'rapid-rotator' model. Consequently, Chiron has a maximum diameter of 372 kilometers and a minimum geometric albedo of 2.7 percent. This is much bigger and darker than previous estimates, and suggests that gravity may play a significant role in the evolution of gas and dust emissions. It is also found that for large obliquities, surface temperatures can vary dramatically on time scales of a decade, and that such geometry may play a critical role in explaining Chiron's observed photometric behavior since its discovery in 1977.

Sykes, Mark V.↗