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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Idaho National Laboratory’s FY 2020 Greenhouse Gas Report

A greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is a systematic approach to account for the production and release of certain gases generated by an institution from various emission sources. The gases of interest are those that climate science has identified as related to anthropogenic global climate change. This document presents an inventory of GHGs generated during fiscal year (FY) 2020 by Idaho National Laboratory (INL)—a Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored entity located in southeastern Idaho. In recent years, concern has grown about the environmental impact of GHGs. This, together with a desire to decrease harmful environmental impacts, would be enough to encourage the calculation of an inventory of the total GHGs generated at INL. Additionally, INL has a desire to see how its emissions compare with similar institutions, including other DOE national laboratories. Executive Order 13834 requires that federal agencies and institutions track and report GHG emissions where required. INL’s GHG inventory was calculated according to methodologies identified in federal GHG Guidance documents using operational control boundaries. It measures emissions generated in three scopes: (1) INL emissions produced directly by stationary or mobile combustion and by fugitive emissions, (2) the share of emissions generated by entities from which INL purchased electrical power, and (3) indirect or shared emissions generated by outsourced activities that benefit INL (occurring outside INL’s organizational boundaries, but are a consequence of INL’s activities). This inventory found that INL generated 76,494.12 metric tons (MT) of CO2 equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions during FY 2020. The following conclusions were made from looking at the results of the individual contributors to INL’s FY 2020 GHG inventory: (1) Electricity (including the associated transmission and distribution losses) is the largest contributor to INL’s GHG inventory, with over 50% of the CO 2 e emissions; (2) Other sources with high emissions were employee commuting, mobile combustion (fleet fuels), stationary combustion (facility fuels), and waste disposal (fugitive emissions from the onsite landfill); and (3) Sources with low emissions were waste disposal (contracted disposal), fugitive emissions from refrigerants, wastewater treatment (onsite and contracted), and business ground travel (in personal and rental vehicles). This report details the methods behind quantifying INL’s GHG inventory and discusses lessons learned on better practices by which information important to tracking GHGs can be tracked and recorded. It is important to note that because this report differentiates between those portions of INL that are managed and operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) and those managed by other contractors, it includes only INL’s activities overseen by BEA. It is assumed that other contractors will provide similar reporting for those activities they manage, where appropriate.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2025

Oscillate and renormalize: Fast phonons reshape the Kondo effect in flat-band systems

Here, we examine the interplay between electron correlations and phonons in an Anderson-Holstein impurity model with an Einstein phonon. When the phonons are slow compared to charge fluctuations (frequency 𝜔 0 ≪ 𝑈/2, the onsite Coulomb scale 𝑈/2), we demonstrate analytically that the expected phonon-mediated reduction of interactions is completely suppressed, even in the strong-coupling regime. This suppression arises from the oscillator's inability to respond to rapid charge fluctuations, manifested as a compensation effect between the polaronic cloud and the excited-state phonons associated with valence fluctuations. We identify a frozen mixed valence phase, above a threshold dimensionless electron-phonon coupling 𝛼* when the phonons are slow, where the static phonon cloud locks the impurity into specific valence configurations, potentially explaining the puzzling coexistence of mixed valence behavior and insulating properties in materials like rust. Conversely, when the phonon is fast (𝜔 0 ≳ 𝑈/2), the system exhibits conventional polaronic behavior with renormalized onsite interactions effectively 𝑈 eff due to phonon-mediated attraction, with additional satellite features in the local spectral function due to phonon excitations. Using numerical renormalization group calculations, a fully dynamic renormalization technique, we confirm these behaviors in both regimes. These findings have important implications for strongly correlated systems where phonon energy scales may be comparable to the Coulomb scale, such as in twisted bilayer graphene, necessitating careful consideration of interaction renormalizations in theoretical models.

Anderson impurity model↗
DOE OSTI2021

Business Environment Study (Subtask 5.1)

In 2016, WVR acquired the Wabash Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Plant north of Terre Haute, Indiana. Initially, WVR intended to use the plant to produce ammonia using syngas converted to hydrogen. Part of the business plan was to capture and sequester the CO 2 byproduct with the goal of a net-zero carbon emitting plant. Now, with the demand for clean hydrogen-based power and fuel cell energy, the plant intends to produce power and sell hydrogen as a fuel source, still with the intent to sequester CO 2 and achieve net-zero emissions. The Wabash CarbonSAFE project’s objectives are to establish the feasibility of developing a commercial-scale geological storage complex at the WVR plant in Vigo County, Indiana, for storage of 50 million tonnes or more of CO 2 . The plant is expected to produce up to 2 million tons (1.82 million tonnes) of CO 2 annually as a byproduct of hydrogen production. Wabash CarbonSAFE has examined the feasibility of geologic storage of the CO 2 in the Potosi Dolomite Storage Complex of the Illinois Basin via an onsite characterization well at the WVR plant site. This document explores the business requirements to undertake such a project, outlining the outside influences on a business venture such as legislation, legal, regulatory, and business climate factors. This document then discusses the CO 2 source, potential partner sources, and the business financials that allow CCS to be commercially viable for Wabash Valley Resources.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Memorial Pools Energy Efficiency Retrofits

The National September 11 Memorial & Museum completed a retrofit of the submergible LED lighting fixtures in its North and South Memorial Pools, located at the World Trade Center site in New York City. The two one-acre pools are illuminated nightly by custom LED fixtures set into their base, and the original lights — in place since 2011 — had begun reaching the end of their useful life, leaving sections of the pools dim or dark. Rather than fully replacing the fixtures, the project team worked with the original manufacturer, Acuity Brands, to retrofit and reuse existing components across all eight pool walls (34 fixtures per wall), reducing cost and waste. Fixtures were shipped in custom crates to Minnesota for retrofitting, then reinstalled onsite by Memorial & Museum staff and contractor ABM. The team addressed two key technical challenges during the project: early leakage in retrofitted fixtures, resolved by introducing vacuum-sealing and nitrogen-fill testing before shipment; and chord damage during transit, resolved with custom-designed shipping crates. All eight pool walls were successfully retrofitted and reinstalled by August 27, 2025, ahead of the 25th anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Sitewide electrical consumption in September 2025 reflected an approximate 7% reduction, contributing to the institution's broader net-zero and LEED Gold sustainability goals.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Composite Analysis for Low Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau of the Hanford Site (FY2019 Annual Status Report)

In accordance with DOE M 435.1-1 requirements and as implemented by DOE/RL-2000-29, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office has prepared this annual summary for fiscal year (FY) 2019. Originally reported in PNNL-11800 and PNNL-11800, Addendum 1, the Hanford Site Composite Analysis was approved through issuance of a 2002 memorandum. As required by DOE/RL-2000-29, an annual evaluation of new information and data developed by a number of onsite programs was completed. The reporting period for this annual evaluation is FY 2019 (October 1, 2018, through September 30, 2019). The information provided in this evaluation includes activities performed in FY 2019 that are considered pertinent to the Hanford Site Composite Analysis - information that could change source terms considered, and monitoring, research, and development results.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Case Study: Healthcare Realty's Medical Office Solar PV

This case study describes how Healthcare Realty partnered with a renewable energy advisor to establish its solar program and make progress towards its energy and GHG emissions reduction goals; all of the projects in the pipeline will be financed through third-party ownership, via power purchase agreements or through a feed-in-tariff program.

solar, solar PV, photovoltaic, onsite solar, healt↗
DOE OSTI2025

Targeted Mobile Measurements to Isolate the Impacts of Aerosols and Meteorology on Deep Convection

One of the main goals of the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) field campaign near Houston, TX was to improve understanding of meteorology and aerosol effects on deep convective storms. To help TRACER achieve its goals of disentangling aerosol-cloud interactions from meteorology, the Texas A&M University (TAMU) team deployed the new fully mobile Rapid Onsite Atmospheric Measurement Van (ROAM-V) carrying instruments to measure aerosol and atmospheric properties that was moved to multiple locations on a deployment day of isolated convection initiated by the sea breeze.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Smelly-Odor Webtool (Smelly) v1

Smelly is an interactive webtool displaying odor dispersion from various potential waste-to-energy sites across California. It currently displays data for dry anaerobic digestion technology with organic waste intake of 90,000 tons per year. The model addresses meteorological and geographical differences in offsite odor impacts (Jin et al. 2019). In addition to interactive display of odor dispersions, the embedded emission calculator provides two additional functionalities: (1) determine the impact distance for given onsite odor emission rates; and (2) determine allowable odor emission rates at given separation distance between the facility and its downwind communities. Please note that data and model is preliminary at this point and serve as a Proof of Concept. Additional data collection, modeling and research is needed for final application.

Jin, Ling↗
DOE OSTI2021

Markets and Economic Requirements for Fission Batteries and Other Nuclear Systems

Fission Batteries (FBs) are nuclear reactors defined by five characteristics which enable large-scale deployment: cost competitive, standardized sizes for economic mass production, easy installation and removal, secure and safe unattended operation with high reliability. FBs are not defined by technology or power level. Technical and market considerations suggest that most FBs will produce 20 to 30 MWt. This proceedings reports on the outcomes of two workshops that were held in January 2021 to better define markets and economic challenges for FBs. Three major markets were identified. The largest market is the industrial and commercial heat market. There are about 4000 industrial users (excluding utilities) that require more than one megawatt of heat. The number of customers versus size of heat demand was determined. In a low-carbon world there is the potential for many additional customers—including expanded biofuels production and district heat. The second market is for non-grid electricity. This includes co-generation plants that produce heat and electricity for a single customer. The third market is the maritime market with ~100,000 ships worldwide. In the United States, natural gas is the low-cost energy option today and will remain so unless constraints or taxes impact its use. If restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, the FB competition includes natural gas with carbon capture, biofuels, hydrogen and grid electricity. Natural gas with carbon capture is not economically viable on a small scale. Biofuels may be expensive but may be the economically preferred option for locations with small energy demands of a few megawatts. Hydrogen is a potential competitor with many of the characteristics of natural gas. Grid electricity is not a competitive source of heat. For FBs to be economically competitive, the price of delivered heat must be $20-50/MWh ($6-15/million BTU). The economically competitive range for non-grid electricity is estimated at $70-100/MWh. These electricity prices are competitive with the retail prices of electricity in many parts of the United States for the customer. FBs are not expected to be competitive selling wholesale electricity to the grid. To achieve the aforementioned cost targets for heat and electricity markets, FB designers must (1) maximize the power output within the constraints of a FB (e.g., truck transportability, passive decay heat removal), (2) drastically reduce the size of onsite staff, (3) adopt core designs with low fuel costs (enrichment and fabrication), and (4) develop a system design that is efficiently manufactured in factories. The business case depends upon more than being just a replacement for natural gas. The largest incentives for adoption of FBs is where they create new markets and new sources of revenue. An example is the paper and pulp industry that burns biomass wastes to provide heat and electricity to make paper. An external heat source could meet the demand for heat and electricity by the paper process and enable converting waste biomass into liquid biofuels rather than burning to provide heat. Other markets, such as data centers, are driven by special energy requirements such as extreme reliability. Most customers are not in the energy business but need heat and electricity to produce a product—a manufactured good, education, retail sales (shopping malls), marine transport or some other product. As a consequence, there will be large incentives to lease rather than own FBs. Leasing avoids the regulatory challenges that remain with the owner of the FB. Leasing creates large incentives for FP standardization of sizes and transportability to maintain the value of the FB at the end of the lease—similar to the leasing of jet engines and aircraft. The economic constraints combined with technical constraints suggest competitive FBs will likely have outputs exceeding 10 MWt. There appear to be little incentives for very long-lived reactor cores because such machines require much larger inventories of fuel. Maintenance requirements and the options to provide technology updates may favor shorter lifetimes (~5 years). The assessment is that there is the potential for FBs to be economically viable and play a major role in global decarbonization in three markets: heat, non-grid electricity and maritime applications.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Composite Analysis for Low-Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau of the Hanford Site (Annual Status Report FY 2022)

In accordance with DOE M 435.1-1 requirements and as implemented by DOE/RL-2000-29, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office has prepared this annual summary for fiscal year (FY) 2022. Originally reported in PNNL-11800 and PNNL-11800, Addendum 1 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the Hanford Site Composite Analysis), the Hanford Site Composite Analysis was approved through issuance of a 2002 memorandum.5 As required by DOE/RL-2000-29, an annual evaluation of new information and data developed by several onsite programs was completed. The reporting period for this annual evaluation is FY 2022 (October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Twisted bilayer graphene as topological heavy fermion: II. Analytical approximations of the model parameters

The recently-introduced topological heavy fermion (THF) model [1] of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) aims to reconcile the quantum-dot-like electronic structure of the latter observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, with its electron delocalization seen in transport measurements. The THF model achieves this by coupling localized (heavy) fermions with anomalous conduction electrons. Originally, the parameters of the THF model were obtained numerically from the Bistritzer–Macdonald (BM) model of TBG [1]. In this work, we derive analytical expressions for the THF model parameters as a function of the twist angle, the ratio between the tunneling amplitudes at the AA and AB regions (w 0 /w 1 ), and the screening length of the interaction potential. By numerically computing the THF model parameters across an extensive experimentally-relevant parameter space, we show that the resulting approximations are remarkably good, i.e., within the 30% relative error for almost the entire parameter space. At the single-particle level, the THF model accurately captures the energy spectrum of the BM model over a large phase space of angles and tunneling amplitude ratios. When interactions are included, we also show that the THF description of TBG is good around the magic angle for realistic values of the tunneling amplitude ratios (0.6 ≤ w 0 /w 1 ≤ 1.0), for which the hybridization between the localized and conduction fermions γ is smaller than the onsite repulsion of the heavy fermions U 1 (i.e., |γ| < U 1 ).

Approximation methods↗
DOE OSTI2021

Composite Analysis for Low Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau of the Hanford Site (FY20 Annual Status Report)

In accordance with DOE M 435.1-1 requirements and as implemented by DOE/RL-2000-29, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office has prepared this annual summary for fiscal year (FY) 2020. Originally reported in PNNL-118003 and PNNL-11800, Addendum 1 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the Hanford Site Composite Analysis), the Hanford Site Composite Analysis was approved through issuance of a 2002 memorandum. As required by DOE/RL-2000-29, an annual evaluation of new information and data developed by a number of onsite programs was completed. The reporting period for this annual evaluation is FY 2020 (October 1, 2019 through September 30, 2020).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Composite Analysis for Low Level Waste Disposal in the Central Plateau of the Hanford Site (Annual Status Report, FY 2021)

In accordance with DOE M 435.1-1 requirements and as implemented by DOE/RL-2000-29, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Richland Operations Office has prepared this annual summary for fiscal year (FY) 2021. Originally reported in PNNL-11800 and PNNL-11800, Addendum 1 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the Hanford Site Composite Analysis), the Hanford Site Composite Analysis was approved through issuance of a 2002 memorandum. As required by DOE/RL-2000-29, an annual evaluation of new information and data developed by a number of onsite programs was completed. The reporting period for this annual evaluation is FY 2021 (October 1, 2020 through September 30, 2021).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Could on-site fuel storage economically reduce power plant-gas grid dependence in pipeline constrained areas like New England?

In the Northeastern United States, natural gas supply constraints have led to periods when gas shortages have caused up to a quarter of all unscheduled power plant outages. Dual fuel oil/gas generators or local gas storage might mitigate gas supply shortages. We use historical power plant operational and availability data to develop a supply curve of the costs required for generators to mitigate fuel shortage failures in New England. Based on 2012–2018 data, we find that the historical fuel shortages at approximately 2 GW worth of gas-fired capacity could be mitigated using on-site fuel storage. For comparison, New England’s average reserve margin was 1.7–2.8 GW over our sample period. Oil dual fuel plants would recoup their investment if compensated with a reliability adder of $\$ 3-7$/MWh during their normal operations, while $\$ 7-16$/MWh would incentivize using onsite, compressed natural gas storage. We estimate that the capital expenses associated with the fuel storage options would be less expensive than installing battery backup for resource adequacy at current battery prices.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision for Cost-Effective Benthic Habitat Characterizations

Machine learning applied to computer vision and pattern recognition is a type of artificial intelligence that has advanced rapidly in the last 10 to 15 years, spurred forward by breakthroughs in deep convolutional neural networks. These state-of-the-art methods are poised to become widely used in environmental monitoring applications as a result of the increasing abundance of data available from different imaging platforms (e.g., fixed-point cameras, drone surveys, high-resolution satellite data) that can be analyzed to observe, model, and understand environmental conditions. Computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR) tools advance our ability to use imagery and camera-based tools in cost-effective ways for environmental monitoring. Although these techniques offer great potential, some challenges remain, such as the need for large sets of labeled images for model training and validation and optimized hardware and software to ensure that the models can be trained effectively and in a reasonable amount of time. Here, we have overcome many of these rate-limiting challenges by using a diverse image library built across multiple projects coupled with staff expertise and onsite computing resources. We are working toward a fully automated SPI processing system and also are moving to develop CVPR analytical tools for other imaging platforms and data sets.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2023

Dipole ladders with large Hubbard interaction in a moiré exciton lattice

Two-dimensional semiconductor moiré superlattices have emerged as a powerful platform for engineering correlated electronic phenomena. On the other hand, optical excitation creates charge neutral interlayer excitons with an out-of-plane electric dipole. Strong onsite dipole–dipole interaction promises the formation of correlated bosonic states, akin to the Mott states of electrons, but has not yet been demonstrated. Here we report a large interaction between excitons occupying the same moiré lattice site—characterized by the Hubbard U parameter—and consequent dipole ladders with spin- and electron-filling dependence in WSe 2 /WS 2 moiré superlattices. Photoluminescence measurements show successive peaks emerging with an energy separation of around 34 meV above the ground state as the exciton density is increased. This corresponds to the sequential injection of excitons into a single site with an energy cost to overcome the large exciton Hubbard U, forming a dipole ladder. Based on findings of local magnetic moments at two holes per moiré cell, we show that excitons can also fill a second moiré orbital, establishing the two-orbital nature of the moiré potential landscape. Our results show that the Bose–Hubbard model with possible exciton crystal phases can be investigated in interacting opto-moiré quantum matter.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Historical Data Analysis Supporting the Data Quality Objectives for the INL Site Environmental Soil Monitoring Program

This document represents the initial evaluation and soil monitoring proposed by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC (BEA) in 2015. The evaluation included analyses of historical soil monitoring data and soil inventories, current emission estimates, and modeled potential deposition/accumulation patterns. The initially proposed monitoring included a 5-year rotation of in-situ gamma measurements augmented by soil sampling with laboratory analyses near each major active and some inactive facilities. It also proposed rotational in-situ gamma measurements and soil sampling at two centrally located onsite air monitoring locations coinciding with sampling at the traditional offsite soil monitoring locations. The chosen alternative includes only physical soil sampling with laboratory analysis and only at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC), the two air monitors and the offsite locations as documented in Data Quality Objectives Supporting the Environmental Soil Monitoring Program for the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site, INL/EXT-15-34909, Revision 0, February 2016. The data and evaluations in this document are valid for comparisons with future soil data that may be collected in many INL site locations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗