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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

Strainrange partitioning behavior of the nickel-base superalloys, Rene 80 and 100

A study has been made to assess the ability of the method of Strainrange Partitioning (SRP) to both correlate and predict high-temperature low-cycle fatigue lives of nickel-base superalloys for gas turbine applications. SRP is shown to correlate the cyclic lives of the baseline tests to within factors of nearly two. The partitioned strainrage versus life relationships for uncoated Rene 80 and cast IN 100 have also been determined from the ductility normalized-strainrange partitioning equations. These were used to predict the cyclic lives of the baseline tests. Predicted and observed cyclic lives agreed to within factors of nearly three. The life predictability of the method is also verified for cast IN 100 by applying the baseline results to the cyclic-life prediction of a series of complex strain-cycling tests with multiple hold periods at constant strain. It is concluded that the method of SRP can correlate and predict the cyclic lives of laboratory specimens of the nickel-base superalloys evaluated in this program.

Halford, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Thermal-conductivity measurements of tungsten-fiber-reinforced superalloy composites using a thermal-conductivity comparator

The thermal conductivity (TC) of tungsten-fiber-reinforced superalloys was determined for two composite systems by using a thermal conductivity standard from the National Bureau of Standards and a comparator and technique developed for that purpose. The results were compared with TC data for the nickel-base alloy MAR-M200. The technique lends itself to applications involving thin specimens, such as thin-walled turbine blades. The TC's of the composite systems were considerably higher in both the longitudinal and transverse directions than that of the monolithic superalloys used as the matrices.

Westfall, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Predicted inlet gas temperatures for tungsten fiber reinforced superalloy turbine blades

A procedure is presented for predicting the magnitude of the turbine inlet gas temperatures potentially achievable using first generation tungsten fiber reinforced superalloys (TFRS) turbine blades. Both uncoated blades and blades with thermal barrier coatings are considered. The thermal conductivities of two representative TFRS were measured over a range of temperatures. The results show that cooled TFRS blades may allow significantly higher gas temperatures than are possible with superalloy blades. For one design, the difference is about 150-200 K.

Winsa, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Study of the effects of gaseous environments on the hot corrosion of superalloy materials

The effect of the gaseous corrodent NaCl on the high temperature oxidation and sodium sulfate induced hot corrosion behavior of alumina formers, chromia formers, and the superalloy B-1900 was examined. Isothermal experiments were conducted at 900 C and 1050 C in air in the presence and absence of NaCl vapors. Microstructural changes in oxide morphology and increased rates of oxidation were observed when NaCl(g) was present. It is hypothesized that the accelerated rates of oxidation are the result of removal of aluminum from the scale substrate interface and the weakening of the scale substrate bonds. The aluminum removed was redeposited on the surfaces in the form of alumina whiskers. For the superalloy B-1900, alumina whiskers are also formed, and the alloy oxidizes at catastrophic rates. In the case of Ni-25Cr alloy, NaCl vapors interact with the scale depleting it of chromium.

Smeggil, J. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Creep and stress rupture of a mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion and precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy

The creep and stress rupture behavior of a mechanically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) and gamma-prime precipitation strengthened nickel-base alloy (alloy MA 6000E) was studied at intermediate and elevated temperatures. At 760 C, MA 6000E exhibits the high creep strength characteristic of nickel-base superalloys and at 1093 C the creep strength is superior to other ODS nickel-base alloys. The stress dependence of the creep rate is very sharp at both test temperatures and the apparent creep activation energy measured around 760 C is high, much larger in magnitude than the self-diffusion energy. Stress rupture in this large grain size material is transgranular and crystallographic cracking is observed. The rupture ductility is dependent on creep strain rate, but usually is low. These and accompanying microstructural results are discussed with respect to other ODS alloys and superalloys and the creep behavior is rationalized by invoking a recently-developed resisting stress model of creep in materials strengthened by second phase particles.

Howson, T. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Creep and residual mechanical properties of cast superalloys and oxide dispersion strengthened alloys

Tensile, stress-rupture, creep, and residual tensile properties after creep testing were determined for two typical cast superalloys and four advanced oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys. The superalloys examined included the nickel-base alloy B-1900 and the cobalt-base alloy MAR-M509. The nickel-base ODS MA-757 (Ni-16CR-4Al-0.6Y2O3 and the iron-base ODS alloy MA-956 (Fe-20Cr-5Al-0.8Y2O3) were extensively studied, while limited testing was conducted on the ODS nickel-base alloys STCA (Ni-16Cr-4.5Al-2Y2O3) with a without Ta and YD-NiCrAl (Ni-16Cr-5Al-2Y2O3). Elevated temperature testing was conducted from 114 to 1477 K except for STCA and YD-NiCrAl alloys, which were only tested at 1366 K. The residual tensile properties of B-1900 and MAR-M509 are not reduced by prior creep testing (strains at least up to 1 percent), while the room temperature tensile properties of ODS nickel-base alloys can be reduced by small amounts of prior creep strain (less than 0.5 percent). The iron-base ODS alloy MA-956 does not appear to be susceptible to creep degradation at least up to strains of about 0.25 percent. However, MA-956 exhibits unusual creep behavior which apparently involves crack nucleation and growth.

Whittenberger, J. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

ESCA study of oxidation and hot corrosion of nickel-base superalloys

A study of the high-temperature oxidation and Na2SO4-induced hot corrosion of nickel-base superalloys has been accomplished by using ESCA to determine the surface composition of the oxidized or corroded samples. Oxidation was carried out at 900 or 1000 C in slowly flowing O2 for samples of B-1900, NASA-TRW VIA, 713C, and IN-738. Hot corrosion of B-1900 was induced by applying a coating of Na2SO4 to preoxidized samples, then heating to 900 C in slowly flowing O2. For oxidized samples, the predominant type of scale formed by each superalloy showed a marked surface enrichment of Ti. For corroded samples, the transfer of significant amounts of material from the oxide layer to the surface of the salt layer was observed before the onset of rapidly accelerating weight gain. Marked changes in surface composition coincided with the beginning of accelerating corrosion, the most striking of which were a tenfold decrease in the sulfur to sodium ratio and an increase in the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) ratio.

Smith, S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Creep shear behavior of the oxide dispersion strengthened superalloy MA 6000E

The shear rupture life of the oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloy MA 6000E was determined at 650 and 760 C was 250 MPa. Comparisons were made at 760 C with the conventional cast superalloy B-1900+Hf, the ODS alloy MA 754, and the directionally solidified eutectic alloy gamma/gamma prime-delta was 170 MPa, and for B-1900+Hf was 360 MPa. The ODS alloy MA 6000E and gamma/gamma prime-delta failed with very little indication of ductile accommodation. Both MA 754 and B-1900+Hf showed some ductile tearing. Fracture surfaces of the ODS alloy MA 754 showed discontinuities similar size, shape, and roughness to its grain structure, but the fracture surfaces of MA 6000E were much smoother than its grain boundaries.

Glasgow, T. K.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The influence of gamma prime on the recrystallization of an oxide dispersion strengthened superalloy - MA 6000E

The requirement of large, recrystallized, highly elongated grains is of primary importance to the development of suitable high temperature properties in oxide dispersion strengthened-superalloys. In the present study the recrystallization behavior of MA 6000E, a recently developed Y2O3 strengthened superalloy produced by mechanical alloying, was examined using transmission and replication microscopy. Gradient and isothermal annealing treatments were applied to extruded and hot rolled products. It was found that conversion from a very fine (0.2 micron) grain structure to a coarse (approximately 10 mm) grain structure is controlled by the dissolution of the gamma prime phase, while grain shape was controlled primarily by the thermal gradient. The fine uniform oxide dispersion appeared to have only a secondary influence in determining the grain shape as columnar grains could be grown transverse to the working direction by appropriate application of the thermal gradient.

Hotzler, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Superalloy composition modeling

Development of a predictive method for determination of the gamma/gamma prime phase fields, i.e., gamma prime volume fraction as a function of the multicomponent composition, is described. The cluster variation method used for binary alloys in which the precipitated phase is coherent with the matrix phase is extended for application to the multicomponent coherent gamma/gamma prime nickel-based superalloys. It is shown that the cluster variation method can accurately describe the equilibrium (incoherent) gamma/gamma prime phase fields in the binary Ni-Al phase diagram. The gamma/gamma prime phase field for the Ni-Cr-Al ternary phase diagram is computed as a function of temperature. A reasonable fit results between the calculated and the experimental diagrams. The modeling of the six-component Ni-Cr-Al-Co-Mo-Ti base superalloy and the effect of Ni substitution of Co are discussed.

Barefoot, J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Role of cobalt in nickel base superalloys

The effect of cobalt or substituting for cobalt on the mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloys is discussed. Waspaloy, UDIMET 700, and NIMONIC 115, which are representative of Ni-Cr-Co-Al-Ti-Mo superalloys having different gamma prime contents which are strengthened by a heavily alloyed matrix, coherent gamma prime precipitates, and carbides at the grain boundaries. Microstructure and in situ and extracted phase STEM micro-analysis were used to evaluate the three alloys.

Jarrett, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Reduction of chromium in Ni-base superalloys through element substitution and rapid solidification processing

The reduction in the use of Cr in Ni base superalloys by the combined approaches of both elemental substitution and rapid solidification processing is studied. The elements Si, Zr, Y and Hf were chosen as potential partial substitutes for Cr in Waspaloy and IN 713LC sine their separate addition to other alloys has previously resulted in enhanced oxidation resistance. The roles of Cr and these replacement elements in determining the microstructure and properties are evaluated. The elements Si, Zr, and Y and Hf are used as partial replacements for Cr in the base superalloys and these resultant alloys are processed using rapid solidification techniques. The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the processed materials are evaluated. The microstructure is characterized using state of the art techniques (e.g. analytical transmission electron microscopy), and the mechanism by which these structures are produced is determined.

Fraser, H. D.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Effects of cobalt in nickel-base superalloys

A study has been carried out to assess the role of cobalt in Udimet 700, a representative nickel-base superalloy containing 17 percent or more cobalt. The study spans the spectrum of microstructural, microchemical, and mechanical behavior aspects which together form a basis for superalloy performance in jet engines. The results suggest that cobalt affects the solubility of elements in the gamma matrix, which leads to enhanced gamma-prime volume fraction and to the stabilization of MC-type carbides and sigma phase. However, these microstructural and microchemical changes are too slight to significantly affect the strength and ductile properties. Depending on the heat treatment, the creep and stress rupture resistance can be cobalt-sensitive. In the coarse-grained, fully solutioned and aged condition, all of the alloy's 17 percent Co can be replaced by nickel without decreasing the creep and stress rupture resistance. These findings are discussed with reference to existing theories and experimental data obtained by other workers.

Tien, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Replacing critical and strategic refractory metal elements in nickel-base superalloys

Because of the import status and essential nature of their use, cobalt, chromium, tantalum, and niobium were identified as strategic and critical in the aerospace industry. NASA's Conservation of Strategic Aerospace Materials (COSAM) program aims to reduce the need for strategic materials used in gas turbine engines. Technological thrusts in two major areas are under way to meet the primary objective of conserving the use of strategic materials in nickelbase superalloys. These thrusts consist of strategic element substitution and alternative material identification. The program emphasizes cooperative research teams involving NASA Lewis Research Center, universities, and industry. The adoption of refractory metals in nickel-base superalloys is summarized including their roles in mechanical strengthening and environmental resistance; current research activities under way in the COSAM Program are presented as well as research findings to date.

Stephens, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Effects of cobalt in nickel-base superalloys

The role of cobalt in a representative wrought nickel-base superalloy was determined. The results show cobalt affecting the solubility of elements in the gamma matrix, resulting in enhanced gamma' volume fraction, in the stabilization of MC-type carbides, and in the stabilization of sigma phase. In the particular alloy studied, these microstructural and microchemistry changes are insufficient in extent to impact on tensile strength, yield strength, and in the ductilities. Depending on the heat treatment, creep and stress rupture resistance can be cobalt sensitive. In the coarse grain, fully solutioned and aged condition, all of the alloy's 17% cobalt can be replaced by nickel without deleteriously affecting this resistance. In the fine grain, partially solutioned and aged condition, this resistance is deleteriously affected only when one-half or more of the initial cobalt content is removed. The structure and property results are discussed with respect to existing theories and with respect to other recent and earlier findings on the impact of cobalt, if any, on the performance of nickel-base superalloys.

Tien, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Understanding the roles of the strategic element cobalt in nickel base superalloys

Research progress in understanding the effects of cobalt and some possible substitute on microstructure, mechanical properties, and environmental resistance of turbine alloys is discussed. The United States imports over 90 percent of its cobalt, chromium, tantalum and columbium, all key elements in high temperature nickel base superalloys for aircraft gas turbine disks and airfoils. NASA, through joint government/industry/university teams, undertook a long range research program aimed at reducing or eliminating these strategic elements by examining their basic roles in superalloys and identifying viable substitutes.

Stephens, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Effects of processing and microstructure on the fatigue behaviour of the nickel-base superalloy Rene95

Forms of the nickel-base superalloy Rene95 produced by three processing methods were evaluated in tensile, low cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation tests at 540 and 650 C. Two powder-metallurgy (PM) forms, hot-isostatically-pressed and extruded-and-forged, and a conventionally cast-and-wrought form were all given the same heat treatment. The extruded-and-forged form showed superior fatigue life in low strain range tests though the two PM forms exhibited nearly identical mechanical behavior in all other respects. Further, this life difference could not be explained by significant differences in the types, sizes or shapes of the defects initiating failure. The cast-and-wrought Rene95, however, had lower strength, ductility and fatigue life, but higher fatigue crack propagation resistance because of a larger grain size. It did not exhibit the environmentally-assisted intergranular mode of propagation which occurs in PM Rene95 and other fine-grained superalloys at these test temperatures and frequencies.

Miner, R. V.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Orientation and temperature dependence of some mechanical properties of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy Rene N4. 3: Tension-compression anisotropy

Single crystal superalloy specimens with various crystallographic directions along their axes were tested in compression at room temperature, 650, 760, 870, and 980 deg C. These results are compared with the tensile behavior studied previously. The alloy, Rene N4, was developed for gas turbine engine blades and has the nominal composition 3.7 Al, 4.2 Ti, 4 Ta, 0.5 Nb, 6 W, 1.5 Mo 9 Cr. 7.5 Co, balance Ni, in weight percent. Slip trace analysis showed that primary cube slip occurred even at room temperature for the 111 specimens. With increasing test temperature more orientations exhibited primary cube slip, until at 870 deg C only the 100 and 011 specimens exhibited normal octahedral slip. The yield strength for octahedral slip was numerically analysed using a model proposed by Lall, Chin, and Pope to explain deviations from Schmid's Law in the yielding behavior of a single phase Gamma prime alloy, Ni3(Al, Nb). The Schmid's Law deviations in Rene N4 were found to be largely due to a tension-compression anisotropy. A second effect, which increases trength for orientations away from 001, was found to be small in Rene N4. Analysis of recently published data on the single crystal superalloy PWA 1480 yielded the same result.

Miner, R. V.↗