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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of Second Target Station Target Streaming for the Preliminary Design of the Target Assembly

This report documents the analysis of dose rate fields from a combination of two sources stemming from the target system of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Second Target Station (STS). This analysis supports the target drive components’ lifetime estimates and conventional facilities’ preliminary design. The two sources detailed in this report are the radiation generated by the proton beam incident on the target and the activated cooling water in the pipes at the top of the target assembly. The analysis considers the STS target system in operational configuration, with all shielding in place. The dose rate fields are calculated in the target drive room and through the target drive room ceiling. This report calculates the thickness necessary for the target drive room’s high-density concrete ceiling to meet the 0.25 mrem/hr dose limit requirement in the high bay directly above the target drive room. In addition to sizing the target drive room ceiling, this report includes details of the dose field surrounding the target drive assembly to estimate the deposited dose in the target drive assembly components resulting from both streaming and decay of activated water. Prompt neutrons and gammas generated by the proton beam incident on the target primarily stream along the gaps between the target assembly and core vessel shielding. Because the models and analysis detailed in this report are based on the STS preliminary design, future analysis is needed to support the STS final design.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Systems and methods for automated nozzle design and 3D printing

A present disclosure relates to a system for automatic design and manufacturing of 3D printing units and 3D products. The system is configured to obtain specification of a target structure corresponding to a 3D product; automatically determine a design and a printing path of a 3D printing unit based on the specification of the target structure, wherein the 3D printing unit is a micronozzle unit configured to print the target structure of the 3D product; automatically determine a manufacturing procedure to print the 3D printing unit based on the specification of the target structure; and instruct a 3D printer to print the 3D printing unit according to the manufacturing procedure and the printing path of the 3D printing unit.

Lewis, Jennifer A.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Generation of Parametric Equivalent-Area Targets for Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Concepts

A tool with an Excel visual interface is developed to generate equivalent-area (A(sub e)) targets that satisfy the volume constraints for a low-boom supersonic configuration. The new parametric Ae target explorer allows users to interactively study the tradeoffs between the aircraft volume constraints and the low-boom characteristics (e.g., loudness) of the ground signature. Moreover, numerical optimization can be used to generate the optimal A(sub e) target for given A(sub e) volume constraints. A case study is used to demonstrate how a generated low-boom Ae target can be matched by a supersonic configuration that includes a fuselage, wing, nacelle, pylon, aft pod, horizontal tail, and vertical tail. The low-boom configuration is verified by sonic-boom analysis with an off-body pressure distribution at three body lengths below the configuration

Li, Wu↗
DOE OSTI2023

Second Target Station Target Segment PIE Dose Estimates

The purpose of the analysis described in this document is to support post irradiation examination (PIE) future decisions as related to the Second Target Station (STS) Project. The STS Project is discussing plans for future PIE studies, and the radionuclide inventories and dose rates included in this study will aid decision makers as they consider the need for various PIE-related machinery. Three configurations of the lasagna-type target segment are evaluated for this analysis: a single bare tungsten plate, a slice of the segment containing a single tungsten plate, and the upstream half of a segment. The lasagna type target segment used in this analysis has a precipitation hardenable nickel alloy (UNS N07718 or inconel 718) shroud, copper (C10100) cladding, and pure tungsten plates. The target segment is evaluated for 10 years of operation followed by two decay periods: 6 months and 2 years. For each decay period, decay gamma dose rates are tallied 30 cm from the upstream, downstream, top, bottom, and sides of the configurations. Radionuclide inventories are also provided in this report separated by material. The highest dose rates calculated in this study are 2872 rem/hr 30 cm away from the top and bottom of the half-target configuration after 6 months of decay.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Real-time series resistance monitoring in photovoltaic systems

A device includes at least one processor configured to determine a target irradiance value based on an operating current value of a photovoltaic (PV) device, a short-circuit current value of the PV device, and an operating irradiance value of the PV device. The at least one processor is also configured to determine an open-circuit voltage value of the PV device at the target irradiance value, determine a series resistance value of the PV device based on an operating voltage value of the PV device, the operating current value, and the open-circuit voltage value at the target irradiance value, and execute at least one programmatic action based on the series resistance value.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1981

A CCD tracker for closed-loop instrument pointing at Halley's comet

An optical tracker based on CCD technology has been developed for the closed-loop pointing of the narrow-angle imaging system of the proposed Halley's comet intercept mission at the comet nucleus. The target tracker, needed to assure the accurate pointing of science instruments as the nucleus rapidly passes the spacecraft, is a component of the pointing control system, which also includes a two-axis articulated instrument platform and high-resolution optical encoders to measure platform orientation relative to spacecraft structure. The device was designed on the basis of a CCD imaging array to calculate target centroid position based on the optical intensity of all pixels containing the image, and a processor to perform spacecraft attitude control, pointing control and target tracker control and data processing functions. The tracker has been configured to operate in both target acquisition and tracking modes. Preliminary simulation results and past experiments on similar trackers indicate that excellent tracking performance can be achieved, and a breadboard version of the tracker is currently being fabricated.

Stanton, R. H.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Supercomputer-Based Ensemble Docking Drug Discovery Pipeline with Application to Covid-19

In this work, we present a supercomputer-driven pipeline for in silico drug discovery using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) and ensemble docking. Ensemble docking makes use of MD results by docking compound databases into representative protein binding-site conformations, thus taking into account the dynamic properties of the binding sites. We also describe preliminary results obtained for 24 systems involving eight proteins of the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. The MD involves temperature replica exchange enhanced sampling, making use of massively parallel supercomputing to quickly sample the configurational space of protein drug targets. Using the Summit supercomputer at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, more than 1 ms of enhanced sampling MD can be generated per day. We have ensemble docked repurposing databases to 10 configurations of each of the 24 SARS-CoV-2 systems using AutoDock Vina. Comparison to experiment demonstrates remarkably high hit rates for the top scoring tranches of compounds identified by our ensemble approach. We also demonstrate that, using Autodock-GPU on Summit, it is possible to perform exhaustive docking of one billion compounds in under 24 h. Finally, we discuss preliminary results and planned improvements to the pipeline, including the use of quantum mechanical (QM), machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) methods to cluster MD trajectories and rescore docking poses.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2017

System, Apparatus, and Method for Active Debris Removal

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for removal of orbital debris are provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a spacecraft control unit configured to guide and navigate the apparatus to a target. The apparatus also includes a dynamic object characterization unit configured to characterize movement, and a capture feature, of the target. The apparatus further includes a capture and release unit configured to capture a target and deorbit or release the target. The collection of these apparatuses is then employed as multiple, independent and individually operated vehicles launched from a single launch vehicle for the purpose of disposing of multiple debris objects.

Griffith, Sr., Anthony D.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimal band selection for target detection with a LWIR multispectral imager

Multispectral imaging can offer many benefits in cost, complexity, resolution, size, weight, and power, relative to hyperspectral imaging. When designing a multispectral system, spectral bandpasses can be selected using optimization algorithms configured to maximally separate target detection scores between target and background regions. A hyperspectral image (HSI) can serve as the source of data from which band groupings can be tested for optimality. The output of an adaptive cosine estimator target detection algorithm is used in an objective function. Three optimization algorithms are compared: particle swarm, dual annealing, and differential evolution. A global optimum is also found using a brute force approach on the Livermore Computing Syrah supercomputer. Three materials are investigated: calcite, gypsum, and limestone. This is done for 3-, 4-, and 5-band systems. The data originate from a longwave infrared HSI of a material display board. The optimization algorithms were run 30 times for every scenario. Performance statistics (maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, and median) based on the separation values are given. Additional characterization was performed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve. While good performance was obtained for the three optimization algorithms, the dual annealing algorithm produced the highest and most consistent detection separation scores on average.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1980

Preliminary evaluation of time and distance spacing cues using a cockpit displayed target

A simulator evaluation was conducted to compare time and distance selfspacing cues wherein a pilot establishes and maintains separation from a cockpit displayed target. Langley's terminal configured vehicle simulator which represents an advanced aircraft employing cathode ray tubes for primary flight displays and highly augmented flight control modes was used. Three tasks, two in trail rendezvous tasks (target straight and level and target turning) and one merge task were utilized. Three pilots flew each task twice, once with a time predictor cue and once with a distance predictor. Both time and distance spacing methods are operationally acceptable to the pilots. A slight preference was indicated by the pilots for the distance based predictor in performing rendezvous and merging tasks. Analysis of the recorded data showed the spacing performance with both predictors was essentially the same.

Kelly, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1987

System engineering techniques for establishing balanced design and performance guidelines for the advanced telerobotic testbed

Novel system engineering techniques have been developed and applied to establishing structured design and performance objectives for the Telerobotics Testbed that reduce technical risk while still allowing the testbed to demonstrate an advancement in state-of-the-art robotic technologies. To estblish the appropriate tradeoff structure and balance of technology performance against technical risk, an analytical data base was developed which drew on: (1) automation/robot-technology availability projections, (2) typical or potential application mission task sets, (3) performance simulations, (4) project schedule constraints, and (5) project funding constraints. Design tradeoffs and configuration/performance iterations were conducted by comparing feasible technology/task set configurations against schedule/budget constraints as well as original program target technology objectives. The final system configuration, task set, and technology set reflected a balanced advancement in state-of-the-art robotic technologies, while meeting programmatic objectives and schedule/cost constraints.

Zimmerman, W. F.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Full-Carpet Design of a Low-Boom Demonstrator Concept

The Cart3D adjoint-based design framework is used to mitigate the undesirable o -track sonic boom properties of a demonstrator concept designed for low-boom directly under the flight path. First, the requirements of a Cart3D design mesh are determined using a high-fidelity mesh adapted to minimize the discretization error of the CFD analysis. Low-boom equivalent area targets are then generated at the under-track and one off-track azimuthal position for the baseline configuration. The under-track target is generated using a trim- feasible low-boom target generation process, ensuring that the final design is not only low-boom, but also trimmed at the specified flight condition. The o -track equivalent area target is generated by minimizing the A-weighted loudness using an efficient adjoint-based approach. The configuration outer mold line is then parameterized and optimized to match the off-body pressure distributions prescribed by the low-boom targets. The numerical optimizer uses design gradients which are calculated using the Cart3D adjoint- based design capability. Optimization constraints are placed on the geometry to satisfy structural feasibility. The low-boom properties of the final design are verified using the adaptive meshing approach. This analysis quantifies the error associated with the CFD mesh that is used for design. Finally, an alternate mesh construction and target positioning approach offering greater computational efficiency is demonstrated and verified.

Ordaz, Irian↗
NASA NTRS1994

Fingered bola body, bola with same, and methods of use

The present invention discloses bola bodies, bolas, and a snaring method which makes use such devices. A bola body, according to the present invention, is nonspherical or irregular in shape rather than a smooth sphere or ovoid body. One or more fingers extends from the bola body. These fingers may be relatively straight or they may have crooked or bent portions to enhance entanglement with a bola line or lines or with each other. Two or more of such fingers may be used and may be regularly or irregularly spaced apart on a bola body. A bola with such bodies includes lines which are connected to the other bodies. In one particular embodiment of a bola body, according to the present invention, the body has an irregular shape with a bottom rectangular portion and a top pyramid portion forming a nose. A plurality of fingers is extended from the pyramidal top portion with one finger extended up and away from each of four corners of the top portion. Such a bola body tends to be initially oriented with its nose and fingers against an object being snared since the body is pulled nose first when a bola line is secured at the tip of the pyramidal portion of the bola body. With such a bola, an unwrapping bola body can slip around a target member so that two of the rod-shaped fingers catch a bola line and guide it into an area or crook between the fingers and a side of the top pyramidal portion of the bola body. Tension on the bola line maintains the line in the crook and tends to press the fingers against the unwrapped target member to stabilize the wrapping of the line about the target member. With such a bola, it is difficult for two or more lines unwrapping in different directions to move past one another without being forced together by line tension. Also, the fingers of such bola bodies may hook and hold each other. The fingers may also hook or entangle some object on or portion of the target member. A probable known target member has known dimensions and shapes so that the bola may be sized and configured to reliably snare such a known target. The bolas can be optimally sized, fashioned, and configured to contact and hold a probable target of known size, dimension, and shape.

Dzenitis, John M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mode Projection for Target Mode Identification

A method for projecting flight configuration eigenvectors onto the vector space of the test configuration eigenvectors is proposed. The underlying concept of the proposed method is that any flight configuration eigenvectors that can be replicated by a linear combination of test configuration eigenvectors, is correlated, if the constituent test eigenvectors are themselves correlated. Therefore, the modal test target mode shapes should be those test modes that combine to form the important modes of the flight configurations. This approach also recognizes that it is the deformed shapes that dictate what sections of the structure are “highly strained” (in a relative sense, within each mode shape), and that these “highly strained” sections require an accurate stiffness representation to achieve an accurate model correlation.

modal testing↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mode Projection Method for Target Mode Identification

A method for projecting flight configuration eigenvectors onto the vector space of the test configuration eigenvectors is proposed. The underlying concept of the proposed method is that any flight configuration eigenvectors that can be replicated by a linear combination of test configuration eigenvectors, is correlated, if the constituent test eigenvectors are themselves correlated. Therefore, the modal test target mode shapes should be those test modes that combine to form the important modes of the flight configurations. This approach also recognizes that it is the deformed shapes that dictate what sections of the structure are “highly strained” (in a relative sense, within each mode shape), and that it is these highly strained sections that require an accurate stiffness representation to achieve an accurate model correlation.

Modal Testing↗
DOE OSTI2025

Techno-economic evaluation of emission control configurations for AMP/PZ-based post-combustion CO 2 capture

Minimizing the environmental impacts of amine-based post-combustion carbon capture technologies is essential for regulatory compliance and public acceptance. Experimental campaigns at RWE's CO 2 capture pilot plant in Niederaussem using CESAR1 demonstrated that combining existing emission abatement technologies can substantially reduce the concentration of amines and degradation products in the CO 2 -depleted flue gas to below the detection limit of an infrared spectrometer. The campaign confirmed that a proprietary dry bed technology (OEASE aerozone™) or a second water wash can reduce AMP and PZ emissions to below 1 mg/Nm 3 . However, an acid or chemically active wash downstream of the water wash is necessary to reduce NH 3 emissions to very low levels (<2 mg/Nm 3 ). Combining a dry bed with an acid wash significantly reduces both the required acid solution and the resulting acid waste. The techno-economic analysis indicates that implementing emission mitigation technologies provides substantial environmental benefits for the CESAR1 process, with only a marginal increase (<1 €/tCO 2 ) in both the carbon capture cost (CCC) and CO 2 avoidance cost (CAC). The additional capital cost associated with extra column packing is offset by operational cost savings from reduced solvent losses. For stringent emission permits targeting NH 3 , a configuration combining a dry bed upstream of the water wash followed by an acid wash achieves the best balance between emission control and cost efficiency. This configuration results in a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of 143 €/MWh, a CCC of 45.4 €/tCO 2 , and a CAC of 88.4 €/tCO 2 .

AMP↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Mode Projection Method for Target Mode Identification

A method for projecting flight configuration eigenvectors onto the vector space of the test configuration eigenvectors is proposed. The underlying concept of the proposed method is that any flight configuration eigenvectors (that can be replicated by a linear combination of test configuration eigenvectors) is correlated if the constituent test eigenvectors are themselves correlated. Therefore, the modal test target mode shapes should be those test modes that combine to form the important modes of the flight configurations. This approach also recognizes that it is the deformed shapes that dictate what sections of the structure are “highly strained” (in a relative sense, within each mode shape), and that these “highly strained” sections require an accurate stiffness representation to achieve an accurate model correlation.

Jeffrey A Peck↗