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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,441 records · Page 80
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Hybrid Metrology and 3D-AFM Enhancement for CD Metrology Dedicated to 28 nm Node and Below Requirements

The measurement accuracy is becoming one of the major components that have to be controlled in order to guarantee sufficient production yield. Already at the R and D level, we have to come up with the accurate measurements of sub-40 nm dense trenches and contact holes coming from 193 immersion lithography or E-Beam lithography. Current production CD (Critical Dimension) metrology techniques such as CD-SEM (CD-Scanning Electron Microscope) and OCD (Optical Critical Dimension) are limited in relative accuracy for various reasons (i.e electron proximity effect, outputs parameters correlation, stack influence, electron interaction with materials...). Therefore, time for R and D is increasing, process windows degrade and finally production yield can decrease because you cannot manufactured correctly if you are unable to measure correctly. A new high volume manufacturing (HVM) CD metrology solution has to be found in order to improve the relative accuracy of production environment otherwise current CD Metrology solution will very soon get out of steam.In this paper, we will present a potential Hybrid CD metrology solution that smartly tuned 3D-AFM (3D-Atomic Force Microscope) and CD-SEM data in order to add accuracy both in R and D and production. The final goal for 'chip makers' is to improve yield and save R and D and production costs through real-time feedback loop implement on CD metrology routines. Such solution can be implemented and extended to any kind of CD metrology solution. In a 2{sup nd} part we will discuss and present results regarding a new AFM3D probes breakthrough with the introduction of full carbon tips made will E-Beam Deposition process. The goal is to overcome the current limitations of conventional flared silicon tips which are definitely not suitable for sub-32 nm nodes production.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

INVESTIGATING DISK-HALO FLOWS AND ACCRETION: A KINEMATIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTRAPLANAR H I IN NGC 3044 AND NGC 4302

To further understand the origins of and physical processes operating in extra-planar gas, we present observations and kinematic models of H I in the two nearby, edge-on spiral galaxies NGC 3044 and NGC 4302. We model NGC 3044 as a single, thick disk. Substantial amounts of extra-planar H I are also detected. We detect a decrease in rotation speed with height (a lag) that shallows radially, reaching zero at approximately R {sub 25}. The large-scale kinematic asymmetry of the approaching and receding halves suggests a recent disturbance. The kinematics and morphology of NGC 4302, a Virgo Cluster member, are greatly disturbed. We model NGC 4302 as a combination of a thin disk and a second, thicker disk, the latter having a hole near the center. We detect lagging extra-planar gas, with indications of shallowing in the receding half, although its characteristics are difficult to constrain. A bridge is detected between NGC 4302 and its companion, NGC 4298. We explore trends involving the extra-planar H I kinematics of these galaxies, as well as galaxies throughout the literature, as well as possible connections between lag properties with star formation and environment. Measured lags are found to be significantly steeper than those modeled by purely ballistic effects, indicating additional factors. Radial shallowing of extra-planar lags is typical and occurs between 0.5R {sub 25} and R {sub 25}, suggesting internal processes are important in dictating extra-planar kinematics.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1991

Variations in magmatic processes among igneous asteroids

Six asteroid classes (types V, E, A, R, M, S) are composed primarily of differentiated assemblages produced by igneous processes within their parent planetesimals. These are identified by surface materials which deviate from a chondritic composition to a degree that require igneous chemical fractionation processes. There are large variations among these igneous asteroids in the peak temperatures attained, in the efficiency of magmatic phase separation, and in the depth within the original parent body exposed at the present surface. These variations provide important constraints on the nature of asteroidal heating events, on the differentiation processes within small planetary bodies, and on the disruption of those parent bodies. Variations due to depth within the parent body and due to degree of magmatic differentiation are detailed.

Gaffey, M. J.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Modeling Coupled THM Processes and Brine Migration in Salt at High Temperatures

In this report, we present FY2015 progress by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) related to modeling of coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in salt and their effect on brine migration at high temperatures. This is a combined milestone report related to milestone Salt R&D Milestone “Modeling Coupled THM Processes and Brine Migration in Salt at High Temperatures” (M3FT-15LB0818012) and the Salt Field Testing Milestone (M3FT-15LB0819022) to support the overall objectives of the salt field test planning.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

Final Report - Systems biology of Rhodococcus opacus to enable production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulos

We have developed Rhodococcus opacus PD630 (hereafter R. opacus ) as a chassis for lignocellulose valorization and biofuel production. Specifically, we completed adaptive evolution of R. opacus to increase tolerance and growth on mixtures of model lignin breakdown products (LBPs) and isolated adapted strains that showed up to 1900% growth improvement and up to a 225% increase in lipid titer. We identified genomic, transcriptomic, and lipidomic changes in adapted mutants that may increase phenolic tolerance and identified phenolic transporters and degradation pathways. We developed genetic tools for gene expression, gene insertions, gene knockouts, and targeted gene repression. These tools were applied to characterize aromatic transporters and aromatic degradation pathways. In addition to model LBPs, we have optimized a feedstock-independent thermochemical lignin depolymerization process for subsequent degradation by R. opacus and have determined the preferred phenolic substrates for R. opacus consumption. Overall, this project has contributed to the goal of renewable biofuel and chemical production from lignocellulose by increasing the efficiency of model LBP degradation and lipid production; identifying preferential conditions for lignin depolymerization; characterizing preferred LBP substrates; identifying degradation pathways; and developing tools for further characterization and engineering of R. opacus .

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

8 TeV pp collisions, Exotics type, PYTHIA8 generator: tev8pp_pythia8_higgs_rhadrons

Higgs decaying to long-lived R-hadrons. M(H)=140,280,560 GeV mass. 10k events for each Higgs mass. Process g g -> H0(H2). M(R-hadron)=40 GeV. Lifetime of R-hadron is 2000 mm. Higgs has ID=35 (H_v). R-hadrons have ID=36 (pi_v). 10,000 events pe file. Cross sections and log files are embeded. No slimming of particle records.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Nowcasting Earthquakes in Southern California With Machine Learning: Bursts, Swarms, and Aftershocks May Be Related to Levels of Regional Tectonic Stress

Abstract Seismic bursts in Southern California are sequences of small earthquakes strongly clustered in space and time and include seismic swarms and aftershock sequences. A readily observable property of these events, the radius of gyration ( R G ), allows us to connect the bursts to the temporal occurrence of the largest M ≥ 7 earthquakes in California since 1984. In the Southern California earthquake catalog, we identify hundreds of these potentially coherent space‐time structures in a region defined by a circle of radius 600 km around Los Angeles. We compute R G for each cluster then filter them to identify those bursts with large numbers of events closely clustered in space, which we call “compact” bursts. Our basic assumption is that these compact bursts reflect the dynamics associated with large earthquakes. Once we have filtered the burst catalog, we apply an exponential moving average to construct a time series for the Southern California region. We observe that the R G of these bursts systematically decreases prior to large earthquakes, in a process that we might term “radial localization.” The R G then rapidly increases during an aftershock sequence, and a new cycle of “radial localization” then begins. These time series display cycles of recharge and discharge reminiscent of seismic stress accumulation and release in the elastic rebound process. The complex burst dynamics we observe are evidently a property of the region as a whole, rather than being associated with individual faults. This new method allows us to improve earthquake nowcasting, which is a technique to evaluate the current state of hazard in a seismically active region.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dispersion relations for the dust-acoustic wave under experimental conditions

The dust acoustic wave dispersion relation is tested to quantify its sensitivity to many physical processes that are important in laboratory dusty plasmas. It is found that inverse Landau damping and ion-neutral collisions contribute about equally to the growth rate ω{sub i}, pointing to the advantage of using a kinetic model for the instability. The growth rate ω{sub i} increases the most with an increase of dust number density, followed by an increase in ion-drift speed. The quantities that cause ω{sub i} to decrease the most when they are increased are the dust-neutral collision rate followed by the ion-neutral collision rate, ion collection current onto dust particles, and the ion thermal speed. In general, ω{sub i} is affected more than ω{sub r} by the choice of processes that are included. Strong Coulomb-coupling effects can be included in a compressibility term. The susceptibilities derived here can be combined in various ways in a dispersion relation to account for different combinations of physical processes.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗