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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,459 records · Page 81
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

An application of VISSR atmospheric sounder (VAS) data in mesoscale analysis

A very simple and straight forward approach to produce mesoscale analyses of VAS data over a large area (which may contain cloudy regions) with good temporal and spatial consistency. Commonly used objective analysis schemes are very effective in producing gridded fields of meteorological parameters where data spacing is uniformly spread over the entire analysis region. The amount of detail contained in these fields can be controlled to produce consisted mesoscale analyses.

Jedlovec, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Interior characteristics at mid-levels of thunderstorms in the southeastern United States

Data characterizing the vertical wind structure and hydrometeors within cumulonimbus clouds in the southeastern United States were collected by the armored T-28 aircraft during the 1986 Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX). Data analysis concentrated on the hydrometeor character and development, as well as the general microphysical and kinematic structure of the clouds penetrated. The high reflectivities which sometimes exceeded the usual 55 dBz limit set for the T-28, are not necessarily related to hail in the COHMEX storms. Instead, large numbers of millimeter-size particles were found, while the hail infrequently encountered was generally small. The fact that the larger hydrometeors were usually found in narrow and weak updrafts that appeared to be well mixed suggests that a coalescence mechanism was active in many of the storms. The depth of warm cloud (typically about 3.5 km) present in these storms apparently allows ample time for particles to reach the observed millimeter sizes. The presence of cloud droplets in the largest sizes measured supports this mechanism. Ice processes play a role in the precipitation, but hail was unable to grow very large in these storms probably because the high concentrations of observed growth centers suggest a natural beneficial competition process.

Musil, Dennis J.↗
NASA NTRS2016

In Situ Air Temperature and Humidity Measurements Over Diverse Land Covers in Greenbelt, Maryland, November 2013-November 2015

As our climate changes through time there is an ever-increasing need to quantify how and where it is changing so that mitigation strategies can be implemented. Urban areas have a disproportionate amount of warming due, in part, to the conductive properties of concrete and asphalt surfaces, surface albedo, heat capacity, lack of water, etc. that make up an urban environment. The NASA Climate Adaptation Science Investigation working group at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD, conducted a study to collect temperature and humidity data at 15 min intervals from 12 sites at the center. These sites represent the major surface types at the center: asphalt, building roof, grass field, forest, and rain garden. The data show a strong distinction in the thermal properties of these surfaces at the center and the difference between the average values for the center compared to a local meteorological station. The data have been submitted to Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL-DAAC) for archival in comma separated value (csv) file format (Carroll et al.,2016) and can be found by following this link: http:daac.ornl.govcgi-bindsviewer.pl?ds_id1319.

Carroll, Mark L.↗
DOE OSTI2025

The NASA ACTIVATE Mission

The NASA Aerosol Cloud Meteorology Interactions over the Western Atlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) conducted 162 joint flights with two aircraft over the northwest Atlantic to study aerosol–cloud interactions (ACIs), which represent the largest uncertainty in estimating total anthropogenic radiative forcing. The combination of a high-flying King Air and low-flying HU-25 Falcon, equipped with remote sensing and in situ instruments, characterized trace gases, aerosol particles, clouds, and meteorological variables with data collected nearly simultaneously below, within, and above marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. Flights spanning warm and cold seasons across 3 years (2020–22) provided a broad range of conditions associated with aerosol particles, cloud properties (including particle size and phase), and meteorology, ideally suited for robust ACI calculations and assessing how well models simulate a wide range of MBL clouds from stratiform to cumulus. ACTIVATE data suggest that drivers of cloud droplet number concentration N d , including aerosol particles and MBL dynamics, vary between winter and summer months with a stronger potential to convert aerosol particles into cloud droplets in winter. Models of varying complexity not only highlight some skills in simulating winter and summer cloud types but also identify challenges that still need to be addressed such as treatment of turbulence, wet scavenging, and mesoscale organization. Remote sensing advances range from new retrieval methods for N d , cloud phase classification, vertically resolved aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei number concentration, and ocean surface wind speed. This work describes these scientific and technological advances along with efforts in outreach and open data science.

aerosol indirect effect↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Preserving NASA Historic and Current Mission Data and Adding Value to These for Future Researchers

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has been actively involved in many aspects of ensuring the long-term preservation of NASA earth science data and knowledge. This involves both the recovery and preservation of early NASA meteorological and other earth observation data, as well as preserving the more recent Earth Observation System (EOS) mission data sets which continue or have reached their end of lifetime. The GES DISC adds value to these preserved data by adding metadata and making the data available online to future researchers. The early NASA meteorological and earth observation data sets from the 1960s and 70s were originally archived on magnetic tapes, and visualizations of these data were preserved on 70-mm film. As these media have aged, their contents have been at risk of permanent loss. NASA has given the task of preserving these early data sets to the GES DISC and making these data sets easily available to the public. The data from these early missions are potentially useful to climate researchers as these are some of the only global measurements made at their time. These old data on magnetic tapes and film strips do not contain easily readable metadata, and so to add value the GES DISC has added digital metadata to them so that the data are searchable and findable. The GES DISC is also involved in preserving the data and knowledge from the EOS era missions. The GES DISC follows the guidelines developed for the preservation of data as specified in the NASA EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Earth Science Data Preservation Content Specification (423-SPEC-001) document. To date, the GES DISC has consulted with the data science teams from the following missions: UARS, Earth Probe TOMS, Aura HIRDLS, and SORCE, in order to properly preserve their data and accompanying documentation. The GES DISC is also currently working with the EOS science teams from TRMM, AIRS, MLS, OMI and additional missions to ensure that the relevant documents and data sets are properly archived for future researchers. A standardized procedure for mission data preservation following 423-SPEC-001 makes preservation among the many NASA EOSDIS data centers uniform, so that these could be transitioned easily to a common EOSDIS preservation repository. This presentation will give an overview of the preservation and recovery of the old NASA historical data sets archived at the GES DISC, as well as the data and documentation preservation efforts of the EOS era missions.

James Johnson↗
NASA NTRS1979

A rocket ozonesonde for geophysical research and satellite intercomparison

The in-situ rocketsonde for ozone profile measurements developed and flown for geophysical research and satellite comparison is reviewed. The measurement principle involves the chemiluminescence caused by ambient ozone striking a detector and passive pumping as a means of sampling the atmosphere as the sonde descends through the atmosphere on a parachute. The sonde is flown on a meteorological sounding rocket, and flight data are telemetered via the standard meteorological GMD ground receiving system. The payload operation, sensor performance, and calibration procedures simulating flight conditions are described. An error analysis indicated an absolute accuracy of about 12 percent and a precision of about 8 percent. These are combined to give a measurement error of 14 percent.

Hilsenrath, E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Towards a Global MAP Data Base

Scientific and ecological needs call for the generation of a global data base of measured data from the Earth's atmosphere, similar but complementary to the data of the meteorological service. Right now there is a large gap between these needs and the available financial means. If this prevails, it might be prohibitive for the generation of such a data base. There must be a compromise between the needs and the means. Priorities must be set. Thus, discussions should be started on which data can be or should be stored. Newly generated data for storage in such a data base is recommended to be handled by the World Data Centers (WDCs). This brief report should help to stimulate discussions and ubsequent actions.

Hartmann, G. K.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Advancing Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Buoy-based Observations

As countries continue to implement sustainable and renewable energy goals, the need for affordable low-carbon technologies, including those related to offshore wind energy, is accelerating. The U.S. federal government recognizes the environmental and economic benefits of offshore wind development and is taking the necessary steps to overcome critical challenges facing the industry to realize these benefits. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is investing in buoy-mounted lidar systems to facilitate offshore measurement campaigns that will advance our understanding of the offshore environment and provide the observational data needed for model validation, particularly at hub height where offshore observations are particularly lacking. On behalf of the DOE, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory manages a Lidar Buoy Program that facilitates meteorological and oceanographic data collection using validated methods to support the U.S. offshore wind industry. Since being acquired in 2014, two DOE lidar buoys have been deployed on the U.S. east and west coasts; and their data represent the first publicly available multi-seasonal hub height data to be collected in U.S. waters. In addition, the buoys have undergone performance testing, significant upgrades, and a lidar validation campaign to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the lidar data needed to support wind resource characterization and model validation. The Lidar Buoy Program is providing valuable offshore data to the wind energy community, while focusing data collection on areas of acknowledged high priority.

offshore wind energy, lidar buoy, wind resource ch↗
NASA NTRS1990

Aircraft deployment, and airborne arctic stratospheric expedition

The Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition had two primary objectives: to study the production and loss mechanisms of ozone in the north polar stratosphere and to study the effect on ozone distribution of the Arctic Polar Vortex and of the cold temperatures associated with the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds. Two specially instrumented NASA aircraft were flown over the Arctic region. Each aircraft flew to acquire data on the meteorological, chemical and cloud physical phenomena that occur in the polar stratosphere during winter. The chemical processes which occur in the polar stratosphere during winter were also observed and studied. The data acquired are being analyzed.

Condon, Estelle↗
NASA NTRS1993

Meteorological Software

GEMPAK, a computer program developed by NASA's Goddard Space Center as a general purpose meteorological display package-(GSC- 13402), is used by Millersville University in its meteorology program. A data line feed stored in GEMPAK files with data processed and displayed by means of text-based menu selection schemes allows students to analyze and interpret multiple products. The program also makes them aware of often difficult and varied meteorological analysis techniques.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2018

WebGIobe - A cloud-based geospatial analysis framework for interacting with climate data

While climate models have evolved over time to produce high fidelity and high resolution climate forecasts, visualization and analysis of the output of the model simulations has been limited, typically constrained to single dimensional charts for visualization and basic aggregate statistics for analytics. Same is true for the large troves of observational data available from meteorological stations all over the world. For richer understanding of climate and the impact of climate change, one needs computational tools that allow researchers, policymakers, and general public, to interact with the climate data. In this paper, we describe, webGlobe, a browser based GIS framework for interacting with climate data, and other datasets available in similar format. webGlobe is a unique resource that allows unprecedented access to climate data through a browser. The framework also allows for deploying machine learning based analytical applications on the climate data without putting computational burden on the client. Instead, webGlobe uses a client-server framework, where the server, deployed on a cloud infrastructure, allows for dynamic allocation of resources for running compute-intensive applications. The capabilities of the framework will be discussed in context of a use case: identifying extreme events from real and simulated climate data using a Gaussian process based change detection algorithm.

Sharma, Arun↗
NASA NTRS2016

Satellite-Based Spatiotemporal Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations: China 2004-2013

Three decades of rapid economic development is causing severe and widespread PM2.5(particulate matter (is) less than 2.5 ) pollution in China. However, research on the health impacts of PM2.5 exposure has been hindered by limited historical PM2.5 concentration data. We estimated ambient PM2.5 concentrations from 2004 to 2013 in China at 0.1 deg resolution using the most recent satellite data and evaluated model performance with available ground observations. We developed a two-stage spatial statistical model using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 aerosol optical depth (AOD) and assimilated meteorology, land use data, and PM2.5 concentrations from China's recently established ground monitoring network. An inverse variance weighting (IVW) approach was developed to combine MODIS Dark Target and Deep Blue AOD to optimize data coverage. We evaluated model predicted PM2.5 concentrations from 2004 to early 2014 using ground observations. The overall model cross-validation R(sup 2) and relative prediction error were 0.79 and 35.6%, respectively. Validation beyond the model year (2013) indicated that it accurately predicted PM(sub 2.5) concentrations with little bias at the monthly (R(sup 2) = 0.73), regression slope = 0.91) and seasonal (R(sup 2) = 0.79), regression slope = 0.92) levels. Seasonal variations revealed that winter was the most polluted season and that summer was the cleanest season. Analysis of predicted PM2.5 levels showed a mean annual increase of 1.97 micro-g/cu cm between 2004 and 2007 and a decrease of 0.46 micro-g/cu cm between 2008 and 2013. Our satellite-driven model can provide reliable historical PM2.5 estimates in China at a resolution comparable to those used in epidemiologic studies on the health effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure in North America. This data source can potentially advance research on PM2.5 health effects in China.

satellite remote sensing↗
DOE OSTI2016

Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols: Evaluation of quasi-global WRF-Chem simulation with multiple observations

A fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem, the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry) has been configured to conduct quasi-global simulation for 5 years (2010–2014) and evaluated with multiple observation data sets for the first time. The evaluation focuses on the simulation over the trans-Pacific transport region using various reanalysis and observational data sets for meteorological fields and aerosol properties. The simulation generally captures the overall spatial and seasonal variability of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and absorbing AOD (AAOD) over the Pacific that is determined by the outflow of pollutants and dust and the emissions of marine aerosols. The assessment of simulated extinction Ångström exponent (EAE) indicates that the model generally reproduces the variability of aerosol size distributions as seen by satellites. In addition, the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and its seasonality over the Pacific are also well simulated. The difference between the simulation and satellite retrievals can be mainly attributed to model biases in estimating marine aerosol emissions as well as the satellite sampling and retrieval uncertainties. Compared with the surface measurements over the western USA, the model reasonably simulates the observed magnitude and seasonality of dust, sulfate, and nitrate surface concentrations, but significantly underestimates the peak surface concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol likely due to model biases in the spatial and temporal variability of biomass burning emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production. A sensitivity simulation shows that the trans-Pacific transported dust, sulfate, and nitrate can make significant contribution to surface concentrations over the rural areas of the western USA, while the peaks of carbonaceous aerosol surface concentrations are dominated by the North American emissions. Both the retrievals and simulation show small interannual variability of aerosol characteristics for 2010–2014 averaged over three Pacific sub-regions. Furthermore, the evaluation in this study demonstrates that the WRF-Chem quasi-global simulation can be used for investigating trans-Pacific transport of aerosols and providing reasonable inflow chemical boundaries for the western USA, allowing one to further understand the impact of transported pollutants on the regional air quality and climate with high-resolution nested regional modeling.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2001

Monthly Report of the Meteorological Satellite Center: June 2001

The CD-ROM concerning the June 2001 Monthly Report of the Meteorological Satellite Center (MSC) contains the observation data derived from the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) of Japan and the Polar Orbital Meteorological Satellites operated by NOAA. The CD-ROM contains the following observation data: Full Disk Earth's Cloud Image; Cloud Image of Japan and its vicinity; Cloud Amount; Sea Surface Temperature; Cloud Motion Wind; Water Vapor Motion Wind; Equivalent Blackbody Temperature; OLR (Out-going Longwave Radiation), Solar Radiation; Snow and Ice Index; Orbit Data; Attitude Data; VISSR Image Data Catalog (Cartridge Magnetic Tape (CMT), Micro Film); TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) Vertical Profile of Temperature and Precipitable Water; and TOVS Total Ozone Amount.

Source record↗