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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Non-equilibrium phenomena and kinetic pathways in self-assembled polyelectrolyte complexes

Polyelectrolyte complexation has been conventionally focused on the thermodynamic states, where assemblies have equilibrated in solutions. Far less attention has been given to complex systems that are kinetically trapped at non-equilibrium states. A combination of time-resolved dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) was employed here to investigate the internal structures and morphological evolution of non-equilibrium aggregates forming from a pair of two strong block polyelectrolytes over wide time and length scales. The role of formation pathways of electrostatically driven aggregates was assessed using two processing protocols: direct dissolution and salt annealing. The former led to thermodynamically stable products, while the latter resulted in kinetically trapped transient structures. After adding salt, the metastable structures gradually transformed into stable products. Cryo-TEM images showed the interconnected irregular morphologies of the aggregates, and SAXS data revealed the presence of fuzzy globular complexes with R-g similar to 10 nm within them. A two-step process in the time-dependent structural transformation was found and characterized by a fast breakdown of interconnected transient aggregates followed by a slow redistribution of the incipient individual electrostatic assemblies. Furthermore, the prolonged aggregate disintegration process fitting to a stretched exponential function unveiled the broad relaxation distribution and significant structural heterogeneity in these polyelectrolyte complex nanoaggregates. This work brings new insight into the comprehension of non-equilibrium phenomena in self-assembled electrostatic assemblies and represents a first step toward constructing far-from-equilibrium polyelectrolyte complexes de novo for future applications.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Combining Electromagnetic and Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Neutron-Star Masses and Radii

In this work, we perform a joint Bayesian inference of neutron-star mass and radius constraints based on GW170817, observations of quiescent low-mass x-ray binaries (QLMXBs), photospheric radius expansion x-ray bursting sources, and x-ray timing observations of J0030+0451. With this dataset, the form of the prior distribution still has an impact on the posterior mass-radius curves and equation of state (EOS), but this impact is smaller than recently obtained when considering QLMXBs alone. We analyze the consistency of the electromagnetic data by including an “intrinsic scattering” contribution to the uncertainties, and find only a slight broadening of the posteriors. This suggests that the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations of neutron-star structure are providing a consistent picture of the neutron-star mass-radius curve and the EOS.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Towards mapping biodiversity from above: Can fusing lidar and hyperspectral remote sensing predict taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic tree diversity in temperate forests?

Abstract Aim Rapid global change is impacting the diversity of tree species and essential ecosystem functions and services of forests. It is therefore critical to understand and predict how the diversity of tree species is spatially distributed within and among forest biomes. Satellite remote sensing platforms have been used for decades to map forest structure and function but are limited in their capacity to monitor change by their relatively coarse spatial resolution and the complexity of scales at which different dimensions of biodiversity are observed in the field. Recently, airborne remote sensing platforms making use of passive high spectral resolution (i.e., hyperspectral) and active lidar data have been operationalized, providing an opportunity to disentangle how biodiversity patterns vary across space and time from field observations to larger scales. Most studies to date have focused on single sites and/or one sensor type; here we ask how multiple sensor types from the National Ecological Observatory Network’s Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) perform across multiple sites in a single biome at the NEON field plot scale (i.e., 40 m × 40 m). Location Eastern USA. Time period 2017–2018. Taxa studied Trees. Methods With a fusion of hyperspectral and lidar data from the NEON AOP, we assess the ability of high resolution remotely sensed metrics to measure biodiversity variation across eastern US temperate forests. We examine how taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic measures of alpha diversity vary spatially and assess to what degree remotely sensed metrics correlate with in situ biodiversity metrics. Results Models using estimates of forest function, canopy structure, and topographic diversity performed better than models containing each category alone. Our results show that canopy structural diversity, and not just spectral reflectance, is critical to predicting biodiversity. Main conclusions We found that an approach that jointly leverages spectral properties related to leaf and canopy functional traits and forest health, lidar derived estimates of forest structure, fine‐resolution topographic diversity, and careful consideration of biogeographical differences within and among biomes is needed to accurately map biodiversity variation from above.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Modularized Urban Scale Building Energy Modeling Framework Designed with An Open Mind

In recent years, physics-based building energy modeling (BEM) has started being used to evaluate the performance of buildings in the context of connected communities and on an urban scale to study their aggregated energy use, interactions, and impacts on the energy supply infrastructure and environment. The development of urban-scale BEM solutions needs extensive effort. Existing attempts tend to focus on different aspects of BEM on an urban scale, such as collecting as-built building data from different information sources, integrating geometry modeling with geographic information systems (GISs), representing operational and occupancy profiles, automating workflow, processing and visualizing the results, and conducting large-scale simulations. Urban-scale BEM development would benefit from multi-disciplinary research areas and from an open platform to adopt advancements on data sources and tools. For these purposes, this research proposes a modularized bottom-up model creation and simulation framework that is built on the state-of-the-art BEM tools and can accommodate different building stock data. This framework uses a standardized schema to describe building design and operational characteristics, and it can be instantiated from different building survey datasets with heterogeneous structures. The paper demonstrates how thousands of surveyed buildings from the 2012 U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) were one-to-one converted to EnergyPlus models through the schema and the model generation process, then simulated with distributed computing, and their results are summarized.

Lei, Xuechen↗
DOE OSTI2015

Investigation of the structure of light exotic nuclei by proton elastic scattering in inverse kinematics

In order to study the spatial structure of exotic nuclei, it was proposed at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) to measure the differential cross section for small-angle proton elastic scattering in inverse kinematics. Several experiments in beams of 0.7-GeV/nucleon exotic nuclei were performed at the heavy-ion accelerator facility of GSI (Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany) by using the IKAR ionization spectrometer developed at PNPI. The IKAR ionization chamber filled with hydrogen at a pressure of 10 bar served simultaneously as a target and as a recoil-proton detector, which measured the recoil-proton energy. The beam-particle scattering angle was also measured. The results obtained for the cross sections in question were analyzed on the basis of the Glauber-Sitenko theory using phenomenological nuclear-density distributions with two free parameters. Nuclear-matter distributions and root-mean-square radii were found for the nuclei under investigation. The size of the halo in the {sup 6}He, {sup 8}He, {sup 11}Li, and {sup 14}Be nuclei was determined among other things. Information about neutron distributions in nuclei was deduced by combining the data obtained here with the known values of the radii of proton distributions. A sizable neutron skin was revealed in the {sup 8}Li, {sup 9}Li, and {sup 12}Be nuclei.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optimizing the shape of photometric redshift distributions with clustering cross-correlations

We present an optimization method for the assignment of photometric galaxies to a chosen set of redshift bins. This is achieved by combining simulated annealing, an optimization algorithm inspired by solid-state physics, with an unsupervised machine learning method, a self-organizing map (SOM) of the observed colours of galaxies. Starting with a sample of galaxies that is divided into redshift bins based on a photometric redshift point estimate, the simulated annealing algorithm repeatedly reassigns SOM-selected subsamples of galaxies, which are close in colour, to alternative redshift bins. We optimize the clustering cross-correlation signal between photometric galaxies and a reference sample of galaxies with well-calibrated redshifts. Depending on the effect on the clustering signal, the reassignment is either accepted or rejected. By dynamically increasing the resolution of the SOM, the algorithm eventually converges to a solution that minimizes the number of mismatched galaxies in each tomographic redshift bin and thus improves the compactness of their corresponding redshift distribution. This method is demonstrated on the synthetic Legacy Survey of Space and Time cosmoDC2 catalogue. We find a significant decrease in the fraction of catastrophic outliers in the redshift distribution in all tomographic bins, most notably in the highest redshift bin with a decrease in the outlier fraction from 57 percent to 16 percent.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Helium-4 gravitational form factors: Exchange currents

We evaluate the leading exchange corrections to the helium-4 gravitational form factors (GFFs) to momenta of the order of the nucleon mass. We use both the K-harmonic method with simple pair nucleon potential, and a Jastrow trial function using the Argonne 𝑣 14 potential, to evaluate the helium-4 GFFs. The exchange current contributions include the pair interaction, plus the seagull and the pion exchange interactions, modulo the recoil corrections. To estimate the off-shellness of the pion nucleon coupling in this momenta range, we discuss the results using either the pseudoscalar (PS) or pseudovector (PV) pion-nucleon couplings. When the PV coupling is used, the pair diagram contribution is higher order in the nonrelativistic expansion. The results for the helium-4 A-GFF are comparable to those given by the impulse approximation, especially for the PS coupling using both the K-harmonic method and variational method. The exchange current contributions with the PS coupling for the charge form factor of helium-4, yield better agreement with the existing data over a broad range of momenta, especially when the Argonne 𝑣 14 potential including the D-wave admixture is used.

A ≤ 5↗
DOE OSTI2020

Enhanced Tensor Completion Based Approaches for State Estimation in Distribution Systems

Grid state estimation is essential for effective control and management of distribution systems. While weighted least squares has been the conventional method for state estimation, sparsity-aware methods have become popular due to their superior performance with limited data. Matrix completion and compressed sensing-based state estimation approaches exploit the underlying smoothness in the state variables. However, classic matrix completion methods do not take into account the temporal correlation of system states. Compressed sensing methods, on the other hand, require an appropriate choice of sparsifying basis that may not be easy to identify. This paper proposes a blocktensor completion based framework which uses an alternative approach to estimate voltage phasor, power injections and branch currents. This approach utilizes the temporal correlation of the system states in a tensor trace-norm minimization formulation with power flow equations as constraints. Herein, feature scaling is introduced in the problem formulation to benefit from the improved sensitivity of the tensor trace norm to the matrix columns in the scaled unfoldings of the tensor. Weighted tensor norm is utilized to exploit the structures of the different unfoldings of the state measurement tensor to improve the voltage estimation. The estimation accuracy is further improved by alternatively estimating the tensor columns and increasing the available data at each stage in the tensor completion process. The proposed methods are evaluated on the IEEE-33, 37 test systems and a 100- node test system. The proposed methods are shown to provide significant performance gains relative to the classic matrix and tensor completion based approaches.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Lithium-Ion Mobility in Layered Oxide Li 2 (La 0.75 Li 0.25 )(Ta 1.5 Ti 0.5 )O 7 Containing Lithium on both Intra and Inter‐Stack Positions

With the aid of neutron diffraction and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we have demonstrated the effect of the increase in lithium concentration and distribution on Li-ion conductivity. This has been done through the synthesis of a layered oxide Li 2 (La 0.75 Li 0.25 )(Ta 1.5 Ti 0.5 )O 7 , with the so-called Ruddlesden-Popper type structure, where bilayer stacks of (Ta/Ti)O 6 octahedra are separated by lithium ions, located in inter-stack spaces. There are also intra-stack spaces that are occupied by a mixture of La and Li, as confirmed by neutron diffraction. The distribution of lithium over both inter- and intra-stack positions leads to the enhancement of Li-ion conductivity in Li 2 (La 0.75 Li 0.25 )(Ta 1.5 Ti 0.5 )O 7 compared to Li 2 La(TaTi)O 7 , which has a lower concentration of lithium ions, located only in inter-stack spaces. Furthermore, the analyses of real and imaginary components of electrochemical impedance data confirm the enhanced mobility of ions in Li 2 (La 0.75 Li 0.25 )(Ta 1.5 Ti 0.5 )O 7 . While the Li-ion conductivity needs further improvement for practical applications, the success of the strategy implemented in this work offers a useful methodology for the design of layered ionic conductors.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Strong temporal variation in treefall and branchfall rates in a tropical forest is related to extreme rainfall: results from 5 years of monthly drone data for a 50 ha plot

Abstract. A mechanistic understanding of how tropical-tree mortality responds to climate variation is urgently needed to predict how tropical-forest carbon pools will respond to anthropogenic global change, which is altering the frequency and intensity of storms, droughts, and other climate extremes in tropical forests. We used 5 years of approximately monthly drone-acquired RGB (red–green–blue) imagery for 50 ha of mature tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, to quantify spatial structure; temporal variation; and climate correlates of canopy disturbances, i.e., sudden and major drops in canopy height due to treefalls, branchfalls, or the collapse of standing dead trees. Canopy disturbance rates varied strongly over time and were higher in the wet season, even though wind speeds were lower in the wet season. The strongest correlate of monthly variation in canopy disturbance rates was the frequency of extreme rainfall events. The size distribution of canopy disturbances was best fit by a Weibull function and was close to a power function for sizes above 25 m2. Treefalls accounted for 74 % of the total area and 52 % of the total number of canopy disturbances in treefalls and branchfalls combined. We hypothesize that extremely high rainfall is a good predictor because it is an indicator of storms having high wind speeds, as well as saturated soils that increase uprooting risk. These results demonstrate the utility of repeat drone-acquired data for quantifying forest canopy disturbance rates at fine temporal and spatial resolutions over large areas, thereby enabling robust tests of how temporal variation in disturbance relates to climate drivers. Further insights could be gained by integrating these canopy observations with high-frequency measurements of wind speed and soil moisture in mechanistic models to better evaluate proximate drivers and with focal tree observations to quantify the links to tree mortality and woody turnover.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Ti and Zn Doping on the Structural, Electric, and Magnetic Properties of GaFeO{sub 3}

Multidoped (Zn,Ti) gallium orthoferrite [GaFeO{sub 3} and Ga{sub 0.98}Zn{sub 0.02}Fe{sub 0.98}Ti{sub 0.02}O{sub 3}] ceramic was synthesized through a solid-state reaction. X-ray analysis of the prepared material provides its basic crystal data of a single-phase orthorhombic system. The scattered crystallite size and lattice strain of the material were estimated. Analysis of the micrograph of field emission scanning electron microscope shows uniform grain distribution in the sample, suggesting the formation of good quality of sample. Founded on the magnetic measurements, it is concluded that (Zn,Ti)-modified gallium ferrite has provided a reduction in the Curie temperature (T{sub C}); however, no significant changes in the magnetization values with Zn and Ti integration in GaFeO{sub 3} lattice. A noteworthy effect of substitution of multiple elements at the Ga and Fe sites on dielectric constant and tangent loss of GaFeO{sub 3} has been observed. Complete studies of temperature (180–400 K) and frequency (10–10{sup 7} Hz) dependence of dielectric constant and impedance have provided the effect of grains and grain boundaries on the conduction mechanism and dielectric relaxation of the material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2025

Measurements of Beam Spin Asymmetries in p+p0 and p´p0 Dihadron Production at CLAS12

Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a powerful experimental tool for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the proton, revealing how quarks and gluons are distributed and interact within it. SIDIS describes a process where an elec tron scatters off one of the constituent quarks within the proton, causing it to undergo hadronization, creating multiple hadrons in the final state. Through factorization, the full process can be split into probabilistic components: one which describes the internal structure of the proton using Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs), and another which describes the hadronization process using Fragmentation Functions (FFs). These functions are non-perturbative quantities of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), meaning they cannot be calculated directly from first principles and must instead be extracted from experimental measurements. Acommon approach for accessing PDFs and FFs using SIDIS is to measure asymmetries. In this context, asymmetries correspond to subtle differences in the angular distribution of outgoing particles that arise when the spin orientation of the incoming beam or target is reversed. Because many of these effects only appear when spin is involved, they isolate specific, nuanced properties of the proton’s spin-structure that are otherwise hidden in spin averaged measurements. In practice, they show up as specific azimuthal modulations (e.g., sin ¿R, sin(¿h ´ ¿R)), whose amplitudes isolate convolutions of PDFs and FFs at leading and subleading twist. Non-zero asymmetries of these angular distributions can be traced back to unique combinations of PDFs and FFs, offering a way to probe them directly. In this work, we measure SIDIS by analyzing high energy electron-proton scattering events using the CLAS12 detector at Jefferson Lab. This study focuses on subset of SIDIS referred to as dihadron SIDIS, where pairs of hadrons — here p+p0 and p´p0 — are observed. We analyzed these dihadrons using detector data collected during Fall 2018 and Spring 2019, where longitudinally polarized electrons from the CEBAF accelerator were incident on a liquid hydrogen target. A photon classifier using a Gradient Boosted Trees (GBTs) architecture was trained using Monte Carlo simulations to reduce the amount of iv false combinatorial background p0’s. When deployed on experimental data, the model in creases our dihadron statistics by up to five-fold compared to previous CLAS12 p0 analyses. This work reports the first measurements of beam spin asymmetries for p+p0 and p´p0 dihadron production in SIDIS. The measured asymmetries offer new insights to the spin-dependent structure and dynamics within the proton, as well as the spin-dependent properties of quark fragmentation. Non-zero twist-3 sin¿R amplitudes are observed, pro viding sensitivity to the subleading twist PDF e(x). The PDF e(x) encodes quark-gluon correlations within the proton — a property that is otherwise inaccessible at leading twist. Additionally, this work measured significant twist-2 modulations carried by sin(¿h ´ ¿R) and sin(2¿h ´2¿R), providing experimental access to the helicity dihadron fragmentation function (DiFF) GK 1 . Because there is no equivalent quark helicity-dependent FF in single pion SIDIS, the DiFF GK 1 offers a unique lens into novel spin-dependent fragmentation. For instance, the twist-2 modulations observed in this study are enhanced by vector mesons created during fragmentation — a behavior predicted by phenomenological models. This study broadens our understanding of dihadron fragmentation, revealing new details about the flavor and charge dependence of hadronization.

Matousek, Gregory [Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United ↗
DOE OSTI2026

Enabling probabilistic learning on manifolds through double diffusion maps

Here, we present a generative learning framework for probabilistic sampling that extends Probabilistic Learning on Manifolds (PLoM), which is designed to generate statistically consistent realizations of a random vector in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space, informed by a (representative) set of observations. In its original form, PLoM constructs a reduced-order probabilistic model by combining three main components: (a) kernel density estimation to approximate the underlying probability measure, (b) Diffusion Maps to characterize the manifold of the data, and (c) a reduced-order Itô Stochastic Differential Equation (ISDE) to sample from the learned distribution. However, its sampling dynamics are posed in the ambient space and the retained number of reduced coordinates is chosen by projection-reconstruction error. In practice, this often (i) requires more coordinates than the data’s intrinsic dimension to achieve stable sampling and (ii) lacks a smooth, basis-independent lifting back to the data domain; moreover, standard Diffusion Maps emphasize harmonic eigenfunctions and can miss non-harmonic latent structure. We address these limitations by decoupling geometry learning from sampling: a first Diffusion Maps pass identifies non-harmonic coordinates on which we formulate a full-order ISDE directly in the latent space, while Double Diffusion Maps captures multiscale geometric features and Geometric Harmonics (GH) learns a smooth lifting map to the ambient variables that is independent of the particular diffusion basis. This hybrid design preserves the system’s dynamical richness with a compact geometric representation and enables principled out-of-sample inference. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are illustrated through two numerical studies: one based on data generated from two-dimensional Hermite polynomial functions and another based on high-fidelity simulations of a detonation wave in a reactive flow.

Double diffusion maps↗
DOE OSTI2021

The diffractive contribution to deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering: Implications for QCD momentum sum rules and parton distributions

The cross section for deep inelastic lepton-proton scattering (DIS) ℓp→ℓ'p'X includes a diffractive deep inelastic (DDIS) contribution ℓp→ℓ'p'X, in which the proton remains intact with a large longitudinal momentum fraction x F greater than 0.9 and small transverse momentum. The DDIS events, which can be identified with Pomeron exchange in the t-channel, account for approximately 10% of all of the DIS events. Thus, when one measures DIS, one automatically includes the leading-twist Bjorken-scaling DDIS events as a contribution to the DIS cross section, whether or not the final-state proton p' is detected. In such events, the missing momentum fraction x p ' ~0.9 carried by the final-state proton p' in the DDIS events could be misidentified with the light-front momentum fraction carried by sea quarks or gluons in the protons' Fock structure. As we shall show in this article, the underlying QCD Pomeron-exchange amplitude which produces the DDIS events does not obey the operator product expansion nor satisfy momentum sum rules. Thus we conclude that the quark and gluon distributions measured in DIS experiments will be misidentified, unless the measurements explicitly exclude the DDIS events and that a correct determination of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) derived from the DIS data requires the explicit subtraction of the DDIS contribution from the full DIS cross section.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Investigation of 1-D crustal velocity structure beneath Izmir Gulf and surroundings by using local earthquakes

In this study; we examined one dimensional crustal velocity structure of Izmir gulf and surroundings. We used nearly one thousand high quality (A and B class) earthquake data which recorded by Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) [1], Bogazici University (BU-KOERI) [2] and National Observatory of Athens (NOA) [3,4]. We tried several synthetic tests to understand power of new velocity structure, and examined phase residuals, RMS values and shifting tests. After evaluating these tests; we decided one dimensional velocity structure and minimum 1-D P wave velocities, hypocentral parameter and earthquake locations from VELEST algorithm. Distribution of earthquakes was visibly improved by using new minimum velocity structure.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Cosmological constraint on the light gravitino mass from CMB lensing and cosmic shear

Light gravitinos of mass ∼< O (10) eV are of particular interest in cosmology, offering various baryogenesis scenarios without suffering from the cosmological gravitino problem. The gravitino may contribute considerably to the total matter content of the Universe and affect structure formation from early to present epochs. After the gravitinos decouple from other particles in the early Universe, they free-stream and consequently suppress density fluctuations of (sub-)galactic length scales. Observations of structure at the relevant length-scales can be used to infer or constrain the mass and the abundance of light gravitinos. We derive constraints on the light gravitino mass using the data of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing from Planck and of cosmic shear from the Canada France Hawaii Lensing Survey survey, combined with analyses of the primary CMB anisotropies and the signature of baryon acoustic oscillations in galaxy distributions. The obtained constraint on the gravitino mass is m {sub 3/2} < 4.7 eV (95 % C.L.), which is substantially tighter than the previous constraint from clustering analysis of Ly-α forests.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Final-state interactions and spin structure in E 1 breakup of Li 11 in halo effective field theory

In this work, we calculate the E1 breakup of the 2n halo nucleus 11 Li in halo effective field theory (Halo EFT) at leading order. In Halo EFT, 11 Li is treated as a three-body system of a 9 Li core and two neutrons. We present a detailed investigation of final-state interactions (FSIs) in the neutron-neutron (nn) and neutron-core (nc) channels. We employ Møller operators to formulate an expansion scheme that satisfies the non-energy-weighted cluster sum rule and successively includes higher-order terms in the multiple-scattering series for the FSI. Computing the E1 strength up to third order in this scheme, we observe apparent convergence and good agreement with experiment. The neutron-neutron FSI is by far the most important contribution and largely determines the maximum value of the E1 distribution. However, inclusion of nc FSI does shift the peak position to slightly lower energies. Moreover, we investigate the sensitivity of the E1 response to the spin structure of the neutron- 9 Li interaction. We contrast results for an interaction that is the same in the spin-1 and spin-2 channels with one that is only operative in the spin-2 channel, and find that good agreement with experimental data is only obtained if the interaction is present in both spin channels. The latter case is shown to be equivalent to a calculation in which the spin of 9 Li is neglected.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evaluation of the Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the South China Sea in Early and Late Summer in CAM5

Low-frequency intraseasonal oscillations in the tropical atmosphere in general circulation models (GCMs) were studied extensively in many previous studies. However, the simulation of the quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO), which is an important component of the intraseasonal oscillations, in GCMs has not received much attention. This paper evaluates the QBWO features over the South China Sea in early [May–June (MJ)] and late [August–September (AS)] summer in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.3 (CAM5), using observations and reanalysis data. Results show that the major features of the spatial distribution of the QBWO in both MJ and AS are simulated reasonably well by the model, although the amplitude of the variation is overestimated. CAM5 captures the local oscillation in MJ and the westward propagation in AS of the QBWO. Although there are important biases in geographical location and intensity in MJ, the model represents the QBWO horizontal and vertical structure qualitatively well in AS. The diagnosis of the eddy vorticity budget is conducted to better understand the QBWO activities in the model. Both horizontal advection of relative vorticity and that of planetary vorticity (Coriolis parameter) are important for the local evolution of the QBWO in MJ in observations as well as model simulation, whereas advection of planetary vorticity contributes to the westward propagation of QBWO vorticity anomalies in AS. Since the Coriolis parameter f only changes with latitude, this suggests that the correct simulation of anomalous meridional wind is a key factor in the realistic simulation of the QBWO in the model.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗