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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

GeoThermalCloud framework for fusion of big data and multi-physics models in Nevada and Southwest New Mexico

Our GeoThermalCloud framework is designed to process geothermal datasets using a novel toolbox for unsupervised and physics-informed machine learning called SmartTensors. More information about GeoThermalCloud can be found at the GeoThermalCloud GitHub Repository. More information about SmartTensors can be found at the SmartTensors Github Repository and the SmartTensors page at LANL.gov. Links to these pages are included in this submission. GeoThermalCloud.jl is a repository containing all the data and codes required to demonstrate applications of machine learning methods for geothermal exploration. GeoThermalCloud.jl includes: - site data - simulation scripts - jupyter notebooks - intermediate results - code outputs - summary figures - readme markdown files GeoThermalCloud.jl showcases the machine learning analyses performed for the following geothermal sites: - Brady: geothermal exploration of the Brady geothermal site, Nevada - SWNM: geothermal exploration of the Southwest New Mexico (SWNM) region - GreatBasin: geothermal exploration of the Great Basin region, Nevada Reports, research papers, and presentations summarizing these machine learning analyses are also available and will be posted soon.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

In situ/operando synchrotron x-ray studies of metal additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) comprises a group of transformative technologies that are likely to revolutionize manufacturing. In particular, laser-based metal AM techniques can not only fabricate parts with extreme complexity, but also provide innovative means for designing and processing new metallic systems. However, there are still several technical barriers that constrain metal AM. Overcoming these barriers requires a better understanding of the physics underlying the complex and dynamic laser–metal interaction at the heart of many AM processes. Furthermore, this article briefly describes the state of the art of in situ/operando synchrotron x-ray imaging and diffraction for studying metal AM, mostly the laser powder-bed fusion process. It highlights the immediate impact of operando synchrotron studies on the advancement of AM technologies, and presents future research challenges and opportunities.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Revealing atomic-to-nanoscale oxidation mechanisms of metallic materials

Oxidation and corrosion are the leading causes of degradation and failure of metallic materials. Future alloy development requires the incorporation of corrosion resistance into alloy design and processing, and this begins with attaining a fundamental insight into dynamic reaction mechanisms and kinetics between a metal and aggressive environments. With recent advances in environmental transmission electron microscopy, there have been increased efforts to apply this approach to atomically probe the microscopic mechanisms that govern the oxidation and corrosion behavior of metallic materials. Consequently, fundamental insights have been obtained in understanding the underlying processes of oxidation and passivation, including active sites, surface restructuring, oxide/metal interface dynamics, and microstructure and phase evolution. Additionally, we discuss on-going and future developments that are expected to significantly advance the field of high-temperature oxidation and corrosion.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of a Bunched Beam Electron Cooler based on ERL and Circulator Ring Technology for the Jefferson Lab Electron-Ion Collider

Jefferson Lab is in the process of designing an electron ion collider with unprecedented luminosity at a 45 GeV center-of-mass energy. This luminosity relies on ion cooling in both the booster and the storage ring of the accelerator complex. The cooling in the booster will use a conventional DC cooler similar to the one at COSY. The high-energy storage ring, operating at a momentum of up to 100 GeV/nucleon, requires novel use of bunched-beam cooling. There are two designs for such a cooler. The first uses a conventional Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) with a magnetized beam while the second uses a circulating ring to enhance both peak and average currents experienced by the ion beam. This presentation will describe the design of both the Circulator Cooling Ring (CCR) design and that of the backup option using the stand-alone ERL operated at lower charge but higher repetition rate than the ERL injector required by the CCR-based design.

Benson, Stephen V.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Development of a bunched beam electron cooler for the Jefferson Lab electron-ion collider

Jefferson Lab is in the process of designing an electron-ion collider with unprecedented luminosity at a 65 GeV center-of-mass energy. This luminosity relies on ion cooling in both the booster and the storage ring of the accelerator complex. The cooling in the booster will use a conventional DC cooler similar to the one at COSY. The high-energy storage ring, operating at a momentum of up to 100 GeV/nucleon, requires novel use of bunched-beam cooling. We will present a new design for a Circulator Cooler Ring for bunched-beam electron cooling. This requires the generation and transport of very high-charge magnetized bunches, acceleration of the bunches in an energy recovery linac, and transfer of these bunches to a circulating ring that passes the bunches 11 times through the proton or ion beam inside cooling solenoids. This design requires the suppression of the effects of space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation using shielding and RF compensation.

Benson, Stephen V.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Interpretation of Hydraulic Fractures Based on Microseismic Response in the Marcellus Shale, Monongalia County, West Virginia, USA: Implications for Shale Gas Production

Summary Hydraulic fracturing is critical for extracting shale gas in the subsurface. The treatment technique of multistage hydraulic fracturing is widely used to maximize production. In multistage hydraulic fracturing, not all pumping stages make the same contribution for production, although the designed stimulation process is almost same in every pumping stage. In this study, we characterize the microseismic responses of hydraulic fracturing. Significant variations of microseismic characteristics are observed among the different pumping stages. Pre-existing natural fractures are examined along the horizontal well in selected stages. Combined with the Mohr’s circle analysis, results of the fracture study show that induced hydraulic fractures can be captured by pre-existing natural fractures. Induced hydraulic fractures are simulated by the unconventional fracture model (UFM), and the result reveals that the stress-shadow effect diverts the direction of hydraulic fractures. The diverted hydraulic fracture affects the development of the hydraulic fracture network, which has influence on production. The treatment of two-step pumping is investigated by application of hydraulic diffusivity. Hydraulic fracturing performance and production could be optimized by the treatment of two-step pumping in a single stage. The second pumping creates new fractures and fills the fractures with additional proppants to maintain production for a long duration.

Energy & Fuels↗
DOE OSTI2013

Multiscale Mathematics for Biomass Conversion to Renewable Hydrogen

The overall objective of this project is to develop multiscale models for understanding and eventually designing complex processes for renewables. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempt at modeling complex reacting systems, whose performance relies on underlying multiscale mathematics. Our specific application lies at the heart of biofuels initiatives of DOE and entails modeling of catalytic systems, to enable economic, environmentally benign, and efficient conversion of biomass into either hydrogen or valuable chemicals. Specific goals include: (i) Development of rigorous spatio-temporal coarse-grained kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) mathematics and simulation for microscopic processes encountered in biomass transformation. (ii) Development of hybrid multiscale simulation that links stochastic simulation to a deterministic partial differential equation (PDE) model for an entire reactor. (iii) Development of hybrid multiscale simulation that links KMC simulation with quantum density functional theory (DFT) calculations. (iv) Development of parallelization of models of (i)-(iii) to take advantage of Petaflop computing and enable real world applications of complex, multiscale models. In this NCE period, we continued addressing these objectives and completed the proposed work. Main initiatives, key results, and activities are outlined.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2015

Radar Design to Protect Against Surprise

Technological and doctrinal surprise is about rendering preparations for conflict as irrelevant or ineffective . For a sensor, this means essentially rendering the sensor as irrelevant or ineffective in its ability to help determine truth. Recovery from this sort of surprise is facilitated by flexibility in our own technology and doctrine. For a sensor, this mean s flexibility in its architecture, design, tactics, and the designing organizations ' processes. - 4 - Acknowledgements This report is the result of a n unfunded research and development activity . Sandia National Laboratories is a multi - program laboratory manage d and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE - AC04 - 94AL85000.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2016

SWiFT Software Quality Assurance Plan.

This document describes the software development practice areas and processes which contribute to the ability of SWiFT software developers to provide quality software. These processes are designed to satisfy the requirements set forth by the Sandia Software Quality Assurance Program (SSQAP). APPROVALS SWiFT Software Quality Assurance Plan (SAND2016-0765) approved by: Department Manager SWiFT Site Lead Dave Minster (6121) Date Jonathan White (6121) Date SWiFT Controls Engineer Jonathan Berg (6121) Date CHANGE HISTORY Issue Date Originator(s) Description A 2016/01/27 Jon Berg (06121) Initial release of the SWiFT Software Quality Assurance Plan

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multiscale Mathematics for Biomass Conversion to Renewable Hydrogen

The overall objective of this project was to develop multiscale models for understanding and eventually designing complex processes for renewables. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first attempt at modeling complex reacting systems, whose performance relies on underlying multiscale mathematics and developing rigorous mathematical techniques and computational algorithms to study such models. Our specific application lies at the heart of biofuels initiatives of DOE and entails modeling of catalytic systems, to enable economic, environmentally benign, and efficient conversion of biomass into either hydrogen or valuable chemicals.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2017

SHIELDS Final Technical Report

Predicting variations in the near-Earth space environment that can lead to spacecraft damage and failure, i.e. “space weather”, remains a big space physics challenge. A new capability was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to understand, model, and predict Space Hazards Induced near Earth by Large Dynamic Storms, the SHIELDS framework. This framework simulates the dynamics of the Surface Charging Environment (SCE), the hot (keV) electrons representing the source and seed populations for the radiation belts, on both macro- and micro-scale. In addition to using physics-based models (like RAM-SCB, BATS-R-US, and iPIC3D), new data assimilation techniques employing data from LANL instruments on the Van Allen Probes and geosynchronous satellites were developed. An order of magnitude improvement in the accuracy in the simulation of the spacecraft surface charging environment was thus obtained. SHIELDS also includes a post-processing tool designed to calculate the surface charging for specific spacecraft geometry using the Curvilinear Particle-In-Cell (CPIC) code and to evaluate anomalies' relation to SCE dynamics. Such diagnostics is critically important when performing forensic analyses of space-system failures.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Direct Cast U-6Nb – 2017 Progress on Cylindrical Castings

This report describes work to further develop a sound technical basis and best practices for mold design and process parameters for the Direct Casting of U-6wt%Nb components. One major challenge to the production of U-6Nb components is the propensity for niobium segregation during casting and solidification. This is especially true for cylindrical castings where the vertical side walls allow flotation of Nb resulting in severe inverse macrosegregation. In this work, a small (120 mm diameter by 180 mm tall) and large cylinder (250 mm diameter by 310 mm tall) are examined with a focus on reducing, or eliminating, niobium segregation. It is demonstrated that counter gravity casting (top-to-bottom solidification) can be used to minimize segregation in the small cylinder. Attempts to counter gravity cast the large cylinder were unsuccessful, in large part due to size limitations of the current furnace. A path forward for casting of the large cylinders is discussed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

Figure and caption for LDRD annual report

Material removal rate of various optical material workpieces polished using various colloidal slurries as a function of partial charge difference. Partial charge difference is a parameter calculated from a new chemical model proposed to link the condensation reaction rate with polishing material removal rate. This chemical model can serve as a global platform to predict & design polishing processes for a wide variety of workpiece materials and slurry compositions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

LL13-MatModelRadDetect-PD2Jf Final Report: Materials Modeling for High-Performance Radiation Detectors

The aims of this project are to enable rational materials design for select high-payoff challenges in radiation detection materials by using state-of-the-art predictive atomistic modeling techniques. Three specific high-impact challenges are addressed: (i) design and optimization of electrical contact stacks for TlBr detectors to stabilize temporal response at room-temperature; (ii) identification of chemical design principles of host glass materials for large-volume, low-cost, highperformance glass scintillators; and (iii) determination of the electrical impacts of dislocation networks in Cd 1-x Zn x Te (CZT) that limit its performance and usable single-crystal volume. The specific goals are to establish design and process strategies to achieve improved materials for high performance detectors. Each of the major tasks is discussed below in three sections, which include the goals for the task and a summary of the major results, followed by a listing of publications that contain the full details, including details of the methodologies used. The appendix lists 12 conference presentations given for this project, including 1 invited talk and 1 invited poster.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Technology for Building Systems Integration and Optimization – Landscape Report

BTO's Commercial Building Integration (CBI) program helps advance a range of innovative building integration and optimization technologies and solutions, paving the way for high-performing buildings that could use 50-70% less energy than typical buildings. CBI’s work focuses on early stage technology innovation, with an emphasis on how components and systems work together and how whole buildings are integrated and optimized. This landscape study outlines the current body of knowledge, capabilities, and the broader array of solutions supporting integration and optimization in commercial buildings. CBI seeks to support solutions for both existing buildings and new construction, which often present very different challenges.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

User-Oriented Modeling Tools for Advanced Hybrid and Climate-Appropriate Rooftop Air Conditioners

Hybrid unitary air conditioning systems offer a pathway to substantially reduce energy use and peak electrical demand for cooling, heating, and ventilation in commercial buildings. Hybrid air conditioners incorporate multiple subsystems that are carefully orchestrated to provide climate- and application-specific efficiency advantages. There are a multitude of hybrid system architectures, but common subsystems include: heat recovery ventilation, indirect evaporative cooling, desiccant dehumidification, variable speed fans, modulating dampers, and multi-stage or variable-speed vapor compression cooling. Categorically, hybrid systems can operate in numerous discrete modes. For example: indirect evaporative cooling may operate for periods when the subsystem provides adequate sensible cooling, then vapor compression cooling will be included when more cooling or dehumidification is necessary. Laboratory assessments, field studies, and simulations have demonstrated that hybrid unitary air conditioners could reduce energy use for cooling and ventilation by 30-90% depending on climate and application. Heretofore, it has been challenging - if not impossible - for practitioners to model hybrid air conditioners as part of building energy simulations; and the limitation has severely obstructed broader adoption of technologies in this class. In this project, we developed a new feature for EnergyPlus that enables modeling hybrid unitary air conditioning equipment for building energy simulations. This is a significant advancement for both theory and practice, and confers public benefit by enabling practitioners to evaluate this compelling efficiency technology as a part of building energy simulations. The feature is a black-box model that requires extensive performance data for each hybrid unitary product. In parallel, we also developed new features for the Technology Performance Exchange to enable manufacturers to submit performance data in a standard format that can be used with the hybrid unitary model in EnergyPlus. Additionally, through this project we expanded university educational resources, and university- manufacturing industry collaborations in the field of energy efficiency technology. Over two years, we involved 20 undergraduate students in ambitious research projects focused on modeling complex multi-mode mechanical systems, supported three mechanical engineering bachelor theses, established undergraduate apprenticeships with multiple industry partners, and involved those partners in the process of design, validation, and debugging for the new EnergyPlus feature. The EnergyPlus feature is described and discussed in an academic article, as well as in an engineering reference, and input/output reference documentation for EnergyPlus. The Technology Performance Exchange features are live and publicly accessible, our manufacturer partners are primed to submit initial product information and performance data to the exchange, and the EnergyPlus feature is scheduled for public release in Spring 2018 as a part of EnergyPlus v8.9.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

A parameterized ray-tracing model for evaluation of hemispherical lensing of a uniform, telecentric object aperture -- performance improvement estimates for segmented scintillators with miniature lens arrays

A parametric model describing the collimation of radiation from a uniform circular aperture by a hemispherical lens of the same radius has been developed for rapid estimation of the potential benefit of miniature dielectric lens arrays in lens-coupled gamma ray cameras (GRCs) with segmented scintillators. A simplified ray-tracing approach is adopted that makes use of small angle approximations relevant to GRCs used in nuclear science at Los Alamos National Laboratory and elsewhere. Application of this analysis technique in a first-pass design optimization process results in the optimistic estimate that miniature lenses fabricated from typical optical quality glass might boost optical coupling by as much as a factor of 4 (6 dB gain). However, this is not likely to be economically attractive compared to other techniques, such as reduction of the GRC lens f-number.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗