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At least 1,477 records · Page 82
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Size dependence of spin-wave modes in Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20} nanodisks

We investigate the radial and azimuthal spin-wave (SW) resonance modes in permalloy (Py: Ni{sub 80}Fe{sub 20}) disks at zero external magnetic field, as function of disk diameter and thickness, using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We observed, from both experimental and micromagnetic simulation results that the number of SW absorption peaks increases with disk diameter. Numerically calculated SW mode profiles revealed a characteristic minimum size, which does not scale proportionately with the increasing disk diameter. We show that higher order modes could thus be avoided with an appropriate choice of the disk diameter (smaller than the minimum mode size). Moreover, based on the mode profiles, the existence of azimuthal SW modes with even number of crests or troughs can be ruled out. These results could be useful in enhancing our fundamental understanding as well as engineering of new magnonic devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Ultrafast spin-nematic and ferroelectric phase transitions induced by femtosecond light pulses

We report, optically induced phase transitions of the manganite Pr 1/3 Ca 2/3 MnO 3 have been simulated by using a model Hamiltonian that captures the dynamics of strongly correlated charge, orbital, lattice, and spin degrees of freedom. Its parameters have been extracted from first-principles calculations. Beyond a critical intensity of a femtosecond light pulse, the material undergoes an ultrafast and nonthermal magnetic phase transition from a noncollinear to collinear antiferromagnetic phase. The light-pulse excites selectively either a spin-nematic or a ferroelectric phase, depending on the light polarization. The behavior can be traced to an optically induced ferromagnetic coupling between Mn trimers, i.e., polarons which are delocalized over three Mn sites. The polarization guides the polymerization of the polaronic crystal into distinct patterns of ferromagnetic chains determining the target phase.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in SrIrO 3 induced by magnetic proximity effect

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is an intriguing transport phenomenon occurring typically in ferromagnets as a consequence of broken time reversal symmetry and spin-orbit interaction. It can be caused by two microscopically distinct mechanisms, namely, by skew or side-jump scattering due to chiral features of the disorder scattering, or by an intrinsic contribution directly linked to the topological properties of the Bloch states. Here we show that the AHE can be artificially engineered in materials in which it is originally absent by combining the effects of symmetry breaking, spin orbit interaction and proximity-induced magnetism. In particular, we find a strikingly large AHE that emerges at the interface between a ferromagnetic manganite (La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 ) and a semimetallic iridate (SrIrO 3 ). It is intrinsic and originates in the proximity-induced magnetism present in the narrow bands of strong spin-orbit coupling material SrIrO 3 , which yields values of anomalous Hall conductivity and Hall angle as high as those observed in bulk transition-metal ferromagnets. These results demonstrate the interplay between correlated electron physics and topological phenomena at interfaces between 3d ferromagnets and strong spin-orbit coupling 5d oxides and trace an exciting path towards future topological spintronics at oxide interfaces.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

A j eff = 1/2 Kitaev material on the triangular lattice: the case of NaRuO 2

Motivated by recent reports of a quantum-disordered ground state in the triangular lattice compound NaRuO 2 , we derive a j eff = 1/2 magnetic model for this system by means of first-principles calculations. The pseudospin Hamiltonian is dominated by bond-dependent off-diagonal Γ interactions, complemented by a ferromagnetic Heisenberg exchange and a notably antiferromagnetic Kitaev term. In addition to bilinear interactions, we find a sizable four-spin ring exchange contribution with a strongly anisotropic character, which has been so far overlooked when modeling Kitaev materials. The analysis of the magnetic model, based on the minimization of the classical energy and exact diagonalization of the quantum Hamiltonian, points toward the existence of a rather robust easy-plane ferromagnetic order, which cannot be easily destabilized by physically relevant perturbations.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Enhanced ferromagnetic order in Sr{sub 4}Mn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} featuring canted [MnO{sub 4}]{sub ∞} spin chains of mixed-valent Mn(III)/Mn(IV). Aliovalent substitution of the Sr{sub 4−x}Ln{sub x}Mn{sup III}{sub 2+x}Mn{sup IV}{sub 1−x}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} solid-solution

Crystals of Sr{sub 4−x}Ln{sub x}Mn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} (x=0; x∼0.15 for Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm. Eu, Gd, Dy; x∼0.3 for Ln=Gd) were isolated upon using high-temperature, solid-state methods in molten-salt media. These compounds are isostructural with the previously reported Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3} (Ln=La, Sm, Gd) series that contains the same [MnO{sub 4}]{sub ∞} spin chains. The synthesis of the Sr{sub 4}Mn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} (x=0) phase was carried out by a double aliovalent substitution with respect to the Sr{sup 2+} and Ge{sup 4+} ions that replace Na{sup +}/Ln{sup 3+} and As{sup 5+} in Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3}, respectively. The title series contains mixed-valent Mn(III)/Mn(IV) and shows a limited range of solid solution, both of which were not observed in the previously reported Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3} series. To form the Sr{sub 4−x}Ln{sub x}Mn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} solid solution, one of the Sr{sup 2+} sites, i.e., the original Ln-site in Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3}, is partially substituted by Ln{sup 3+} in a statistical disorder of Sr{sub 1−x}/Ln{sub x}. Initial magnetic investigations of selected derivatives reveal higher ferromagnetic ordering temperatures than those reported for the Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3} series, presumably attributed to a lesser degree of canting as a result of introducing non-Jahn–Teller Mn{sup 4+} ions. Also intriguing is the observation of multiple anomalies at low temperatures which appear to be of electronic origins. - Graphical abstract: Sr{sub 4−x}Ln{sub x}Mn(III){sub 2+x}Mn(IV){sub 1−x}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3}. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Double aliovalent substitution: Sr{sub 4}Mn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(GeO{sub 4}){sub 3} with respect to Na{sub 3}LnMn{sub 3}O{sub 3}(AsO{sub 4}){sub 3}. • Solid solution with respect to statistical disorder of Sr{sub 1−x}Ln{sub x} in one of the two Sr sites. • Mn{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 4+} magnetic ions are spatially arranged in a triangular kagomé fashion. • Enhanced ferromagnetic ordering attributed to doping non-Jahn–Teller Mn{sup 4+}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Simultaneously optimizing fluorescent and paramagnetic properties of bifunctional NaGdF{sub 4}:Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} nanocrystals by crystal field tuning

Graphical abstract: Crystal field tuning is a powerful approach for simultaneously enhancing the optical and magnetic properties of lanthanide-doped NaGdF{sub 4} bi-functional nanocrystals. - Abstract: Here, we show the simultaneous enhancement of fluorescent and paramagnetic properties in bifunctional NaGdF{sub 4}:Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} nanocrystals by crystal field tuning. The energy level splitting calculation indicates, that lanthanide ionic pairs La{sup 3+}/Lu{sup 3+} introduced into the NaGdF{sub 4} host can modify the crystal field around emitters (e.g., Er{sup 3+} and Tm{sup 3+}) and sensitizers (e.g., Yb{sup 3+}) that result in the broadening of crystal field splitting of energy levels and the abundant multi-site distribution of upconversion luminescence. The optimization of the paramagnetic properties in NaGdF{sub 4} doped with emitters and sensitizers is ascribed to the lowering of anti-ferromagnetic coupling.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Phenomenological Modeling of Magnetocaloric Effect in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3−δ}

The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is investigated for La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3−δ} (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) system closes to a phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state. The results recommend that La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3−δ} (LSMO) samples have potential application as a magnetic refrigerant (MR) in an extended temperature range. Consequently, it is hoped that LSMO samples can be MR materials in low magnetic field shifts.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

A Brownian dynamics study on ferrofluid colloidal dispersions using an iterative constraint method to satisfy Maxwell’s equations

Ferrofluids are often favored for their ability to be remotely positioned via external magnetic fields. The behavior of particles in ferromagnetic clusters under uniformly applied magnetic fields has been computationally simulated using the Brownian dynamics, Stokesian dynamics, and Monte Carlo methods. However, few methods have been established that effectively handle the basic principles of magnetic materials, namely, Maxwell’s equations. An iterative constraint method was developed to satisfy Maxwell’s equations when a uniform magnetic field is imposed on ferrofluids in a heterogeneous Brownian dynamics simulation that examines the impact of ferromagnetic clusters in a mesoscale particle collection. This was accomplished by allowing a particulate system in a simple shear flow to advance by a time step under a uniformly applied magnetic field, then adjusting the ferroparticles via an iterative constraint method applied over sub-volume length scales until Maxwell’s equations were satisfied. The resultant ferrofluid model with constraints demonstrates that the magnetoviscosity contribution is not as substantial when compared to homogeneous simulations that assume the material’s magnetism is a direct response to the external magnetic field. This was detected across varying intensities of particle-particle interaction, Brownian motion, and shear flow. Ferroparticle aggregation was still extensively present but less so than typically observed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2014

Toward a better understanding of the magnetocaloric effect: An experimental and theoretical study of MnFe{sub 4}Si{sub 3}

The intermetallic compound MnFe{sub 4}Si{sub 3} has been studied by high-resolution Time of Flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction. MnFe{sub 4}Si{sub 3} crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6{sub 3}/mcm with lattice constants of a=b=6.8043(4) Å and c=4.7254(2) Å at 310 K. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show clearly the magnetic transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism at about 302(2) K. Magnetic structure refinements based on neutron powder diffraction data with and without external magnetic field reveal strong evidence on the origin of the large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in this material as a partial reordering of the spins between ∼270 K and 300 K. In addition, electronic structure calculations using the self-consistent, spin-polarized Tight Binding-Linear MuffinTin Orbital (TB-LMTO) method were also accomplished to address the “coloring problem” (Mn/Fe site preference) as well as the unique ferromagnetic behavior of this intermetallic compound. - Graphical abstract: Theoretical and experimental reinvestigation of the magnetic structure of MnFe{sub 4}Si{sub 3} for a better understanding of its large magnetocaloric effect (MCE). - Highlights: • Strong magnetic transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism at about 302(2) K. • MCE associated to a partial reordering of the spins between ∼270 K and 300 K. • DFT calculations show strong relation between MCE and spintronic materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Low energy electrodynamics of CrI 3 layered ferromagnet

We report on the optical properties from terahertz (THz) to Near-Infrared (NIR) of the layered magnetic compound CrI 3 at various temperatures, both in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phase. In the NIR spectral range, we observe an insulating electronic gap around 1.1 eV which strongly hardens with decreasing temperature. The blue shift observed represents a record in insulating materials and it is a fingerprint of a strong electron-phonon interaction. Moreover, a further gap hardening is observed below the Curie temperature, indicating the establishment of an effective interaction between electrons and magnetic degrees of freedom in the ferromagnetic phase. Similar interactions are confirmed by the disappearance of some phonon modes in the same phase, as expected from a spin-lattice interaction theory. Therefore, the optical properties of CrI 3 reveal a complex interaction among electronic, phononic and magnetic degrees of freedom, opening many possibilities for its use in 2-Dimensional heterostructures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Direct evidence of anomalous interfacial magnetization in metamagnetic Pd doped FeRh thin films

Palladium doped iron rhodium is a magnetic material of significant interest for it’s close to room temperature magnetostructural phase transition from antiferromagnetic (AF) to ferromagnetic (FM) ordering. Here we report on the peculiarities of the magnetization distribution in thin films of FeRh(Pd) probed by Polarized Neutron Reflectometry. Remarkably, we’ve found thin interfacial regions with strong magnetization that have unique thermomagnetic properties as compared to the rest of the system. These regions exist at the top and bottom interfaces of the films while the central regions behave similarly to the bulk with a clear AF-FM order transition. Further we explore the impact of an additional Pt interlayer introduced in the middle of the FeRh(Pd) film and reveal that it serves to replicate the strong interfacial magnetization found at the top and bottom interfaces. In conclusion, these results are of great value both in understanding the fundamental physics of such an order transition, and in considering FeRh(Pd) for magnetic media and spintronics applications.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Real Space Visualization of Competing Phases in La 0.6 Sr 2.4 Mn 2 O 7 Single Crystals

We report that correlated quantum materials are expected to provide the foundation for the next generation of information or energy technologies. A key feature of these materials is the proximity of multiple ground states close in energy, which results in the ability to tune properties with small changes in an external parameter such as magnetic field, composition, or temperature. For example, the colossal magnetoresistance exhibited by manganites is related to charge and orbital ordering and results from a metallic ferromagnetic phase in proximity to a paramagnetic insulating phase. The presence of competing ground states, at the heart of the physics and functionality of these materials, often results in nanoscale phase separation. Probing nanoscale phase separation with conventional diffraction techniques alone is not adequate, particularly when the domains are small or nanosized. In the present work we use a scanning transmission electron microscopy image-based technique of picometer precision strain maps (PPSM) to directly visualize the competing nanoscale phases with charge and orbital ordering in a double-layer manganite. Finally, this work underscores the role of subtle structural distortions in determining the electron physics in correlated quantum materials and provides insights into designing new functionalities via spatially tuning multiple competing ground states.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Zero Thermal Expansion and Ferromagnetism in Cubic Sc 1-x M x F 3 (M = Ga, Fe) over a Wide Temperature Range

The rare physical property of zero thermal expansion (ZTE) is intriguing because neither expansion nor contraction occurs with temperature fluctuations. Most ZTE, however, occurs below room temperature. It is a great challenge to achieve isotropic ZTE at high temperatures. Here we report the unconventional isotropic ZTE in the cubic (Sc 1-x M x )F 3 (M = Ga, Fe) over a wide temperature range (linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), α l = 2.34 × 10 -7 K -1 , 300-900 K). Such a broad temperature range with a considerably negligible CTE has rarely been documented. The present ZTE property has been designed using the introduction of local distortions in the macroscopic cubic lattice by heterogeneous cation substitution for the Sc site. Even though the macroscopic crystallographic structure of (Sc 0.85 Ga 0.05 Fe 0.1 )F 3 adheres to the cubic system (Pm3 - m) according to the results of Xray diffraction, the local structure exhibits a slight rhombohedral distortion. This is confirmed by pair distribution function analysis of synchrotron radiation Xray total scattering. This local distortion may weaken the contribution from the transverse thermal vibration of fluorine atoms to negative thermal expansion, and thus may presumably be responsible for the ZTE. In addition, the present ZTE compounds of (Sc 1-x M x )F 3 can be functionalized to exhibit high-T c ferromagnetism and a narrow-gap semiconductor feature. The present study shows the possibility of obtaining ZTE materials with multifunctionality in future work.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Anomalous behaviour of magnetic coercivity in graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

In this report, we present the temperature dependence of the magnetic coercivity of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). We observe an anomalous decrease in coercivity of GO and RGO with decreasing temperature. The observation could be understood by invoking the inherent presence of wrinkles on graphene oxide due to presence of oxygen containing groups. Scanning electron microscopic image reveals high wrinkles in GO than RGO. We observe higher coercivity in RGO than in GO. At room temperature, we observe antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic behaviours in GO and RGO, respectively. Whereas, at low temperatures (below T = 60–70 K), both materials show paramagnetic behaviour.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural, ferroelectric and magnetic study of lead free (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} (x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05) ceramic

Lead free (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} ceramic having compositions (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) has been prepared by sol gel method using citric acid. Structural analysis has been done by X-ray diffraction and FTIR measurements. XRD patterns have been confirmed perovskite structure for all samples. FTIR absorption band at around ∼630 cm{sup −1} is observed for all samples which confirm perovskite phase formation in samples. With increasing La concentration, shifting in XRD peaks and FTIR absorption bands is observed which suggests incorporation of La on A-site in prepared (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5}){sub 1-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 0.988}Fe{sub 0.012}O{sub 3} samples. Effect of La substitution on Ferroelectric (Polarization vs. Electric field) and Magnetic (Magnetization vs. Magnetic field) properties have been studied at room temperature. All samples exhibit weak ferromagnetic order and also possess ferroelectric behavior which provides new insight to lead free single phase multiferroic materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Perspective: Interface generation of spin-orbit torques

We present that most of the modern spintronics developments rely on the manipulation of magnetization states via electric currents, which started with the discovery of spin transfer torque effects 20 years ago. By now, it has been realized that spin-orbit coupling provides a particularly efficient pathway for generating spin torques from charge currents. At the same time, spin-orbit effects can be enhanced at interfaces, which opens up novel device concepts. Here, we discuss two examples of such interfacial spin-orbit torques, namely, systems with inherently two-dimensional materials and metallic bilayers with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling at their interfaces. We show how ferromagnetic resonance excited by spin-orbit torques can provide information about the underlying mechanisms. In addition, this article provides a brief overview of recent developments with respect to interfacial spin-orbit torques and an outlook of still open questions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic and electrocatalytic properties of transition metal doped MoS 2 nanocrystals

In this paper, the magnetic and electrocatalytic properties of hydrothermally grown transition metal doped (10% of Co, Ni, Fe, and Mn) 2H-MoS 2 nanocrystals (NCs) with a particle size 25–30 nm are reported. The pristine 2H-MoS 2 NCs showed a mixture of canted anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior. While Co, Ni, and Fe doped MoS 2 NCs revealed room temperature ferromagnetism, Mn doped MoS 2 NCs showed room temperature paramagnetism, predominantly. The ground state of all the materials is found to be canted-antiferromagnetic phase. To study electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction, polarization curves were measured for undoped and the doped MoS 2 NCs. At the overpotential of η = –300 mV, the current densities, listed from greatest to least, are FeMoS 2 , CoMoS 2 , MoS 2 , NiMoS 2 , and MnMoS2, and the order of catalytic activity found from Tafel slopes is CoMoS2 > MoS 2 > NiMoS 2 > FeMoS 2 > MnMoS 2 . The increasing number of catalytically active sites in Co doped MoS 2 NCs might be responsible for their superior electrocatalytic activity. In conclusion, the present results show that the magnetic order-disorder behavior and catalytic activity can be modulated by choosing the suitable dopants in NCs of 2D materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗