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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Provisional Conceptual Model of the Camas Prairie (ID) Geothermal System from Play Fairway Analysis

Camas Prairie, Idaho, is an EW-trending structural graben that lies north of the Snake River Plain hotspot track. It is bounded on the north by the Idaho Batholith, and on the south by the Mount Bennett Hills. This region was investigated by the SRP Geothermal Play Fairway Analysis team, which included focused geologic, geochemical, and geophysical studies. The Camas Prairie geothermal system resource is indicated by warm springs and wells, geophysical analysis of buried faults and basins, mapped faults, structural analysis of all faults and lineaments, high 3He/4He, cation and multicomponent geothermometry, and the occurrence of young basalt vents and lava flows along the range front. Our provisional conceptual model includes the following components: (1) High permeability is indicated by the confluence of intersecting faults, including the major range front system and The Pothole fault system, with releasing bends as deduced from detailed field studies, and the presence of springs along mapped structural features; (2) High heat is inferred to result from mid- to shallow crustal sills, as evidenced by the location of vents along the range front; the youngest dated vent is 692 ka, but 2 ka vents lie to NW; (3) an effective seal is indicated by magnetotelluric studies, which suggest a clay seal over the prospective target area that is likely a result of hydrothermal alteration. This model is similar to that proposed for the western SRP but is less energetic due to the smaller volume of magma inferred. It is also similar to Basin-and-Range geothermal systems, but differs by including a distinct magmatic heat component.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Vehicle Energy Management Optimization through Digital Maps and Connectivity

There is an opportunity for using digital maps with real-time updates to improve the energy management of vehicles. In this paper, we present research on how this can be achieved in the particular case of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. With perfect knowledge of the trip ahead, it is possible to find the optimal control of the vehicle. Digital maps, however, provide only averaged information about the future itinerary, such as locations of stops, types of intersection, and average speeds. First, we demonstrate how we can generate naturalistic speed profiles for a given itinerary. We do so by augmenting the information from digital maps by actual recorded speeds from a travel survey and Markov chains. Second, we detail how these speed profiles can be used for control optimization. We use the Pontryagin minimum principle to optimally tune the vehicle energy management and then evaluate the actual fuel savings using the Autonomie simulation tool.

Connectivity↗
DOE OSTI2018

Collab Fracture Characterization: Preliminary Results from the Modeling and Flow Testing of Experiment 1

The EGS Collab project is developing ~10-20 m-scale field sites where fracture stimulation and flow models can be validated against controlled, small-scale, in-situ experiments. At the first experimental site, a hydraulic fracture will be created in metamorphic rock at the 4850 level in the former Homestake Mine. The experimental concept is for fracturing to be initiated at an injection well and continue until it intersects a production well approximately 10 meters away. Initial step-pressure flow testing of the fracture are to be performed to describe pressure-aperture-flow relationships. The flow field between the injector and producer boreholes will be characterized using a series of forced gradient dipole tracer tests. A number of fracture characterization models have been used to assist in the design of the tracer tests. The tracer test program will use conservative, sorbing, and particulate tracers, as well as sampling for radon gas to describe the fracture surface area (i.e., potential heat transfer area), flow pathway distribution, and volume. Tracer concentration at the production well (i.e. break through curves) will be measured using a series of inline sensors, liquid sampling devices, filtering of the effluent, and the measuring of gas concentrations in the effluent. Tracer monitoring data will be compared against results from a collection of numerical simulators developed at U.S. national laboratories and universities for the purpose of validating these flow and transport models. Ultimately these same models will be used to predict the heat transfer characteristics of the fracture and will be compared to a thermal characterization field test where cold water will be injected at the injection well and the temperature will be measured at the production well. This paper discusses the early tracer transport model predictions and parameters sensitivity that affect the tracer breakthrough curves at the production well.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Gradiometer configuration invariant to laser phase noise and sensor rotations

A system for gravity measurement includes one or more atom sources, two or more laser beams, and a polarizing beamsplitter and a retro-reflection prism assembly. The one or more atom sources is to provide three ensembles of atoms. The two or more laser beams is to cool or interrogate the three ensembles of atoms. The polarizing beamsplitter and the retro-reflection prism assembly are in a racetrack configuration. The racetrack configuration routes the two or more laser beams in opposing directions around a loop topology, intersecting the three ensembles of atoms with appropriate polarizations chosen for cooling or interferometer interrogation. The three ensembles of atoms are positioned coaxially when interrogated.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Collab Fracture Characterization: Preliminary Results from the Modeling and Flow Testing of Experiment 1

The EGS Collab project is developing ~10-20 m-scale field sites where fracture stimulation and flow models can be validated against controlled, small-scale, in-situ experiments. At the first experimental site, a hydraulic fracture will be created in metamorphic rock at the 4850 level in the former Homestake Mine. The experimental concept is for fracturing to be initiated at an injection well and continue until it intersects a production well approximately 10 meters away. Initial step-pressure flow testing of the fracture are to be performed to describe pressure-aperture-flow relationships. The flow field between the injector and producer boreholes will be characterized using a series of forced gradient dipole tracer tests. A number of fracture characterization models have been used to assist in the design of the tracer tests. The tracer test program will use conservative, sorbing, and particulate tracers, as well as sampling for radon gas to describe the fracture surface area (i.e., potential heat transfer area), flow pathway distribution, and volume. Tracer concentration at the production well (i.e. break through curves) will be measured using a series of inline sensors, liquid sampling devices, filtering of the effluent, and the measuring of gas concentrations in the effluent. Tracer monitoring data will be compared against results from a collection of numerical simulators developed at U.S. national laboratories and universities for the purpose of validating these flow and transport models. Ultimately these same models will be used to predict the heat transfer characteristics of the fracture and will be compared to a thermal characterization field test where cold water will be injected at the injection well and the temperature will be measured at the production well. This paper discusses the early tracer transport model predictions and parameters sensitivity that affect the tracer breakthrough curves at the production well.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Pump-probe ghost imaging with SASE FELs

In this paper we propose a new approach to measuring ultrafast dynamics with free-electron lasers (FELs). Ultrafast experiments are among the most promising avenues of research at x-ray FELs, with potential to reveal the chemical dynamics of charge separation, conical intersection crossing, and biologically mediated reactions. Pump-probe scanning is the standard approach to measure dynamics at x-ray FELs, but at the shortest time scales, and particularly for x-ray pump, x-ray probe experiments, the scans require challenging beam setups and can introduce systematic errors. Here we propose an alternative approach using the randomness of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process to drive many simultaneous pump-probe experiments on each shot. Measuring the fluctuations in the incident beam’s time profile on a shot-to-shot basis enables reconstruction of ultrafast dynamics down to the coherence length of the FEL without the need for pump-probe scans. Due to similarity to ghost imaging, in which spatial properties are reconstructed by measuring the incident probe’s transverse properties, we call this ``pump-probe ghost imaging" (PPGI). In this paper we describe the method and simulate an example experiment. We also describe an alternative implementation that uses only spectral measurements, avoiding the need for direct time-domain diagnostics, and extending the method to the attosecond regime.

Ratner, Daniel Fried↗
DOE OSTI2017

Discrete and Continuum Plane-Hopper Flow Simulations with Experimental Validation Using X-Ray Imaging, Arch Profilometry and Wall Pressure Measurements

The flow of spherical glass beads, approximately cubic wood crumbles®, and wood microchips are investigated using a combination of discrete element modeling (DEM), finite element analysis (FEA), and physical experiments using a custom plane-flow hopper in which the flow is characterized using x-ray imaging, profilometry to measure arching geometry and pressure measurements at the wall. The purpose of this study is to investigate fundamental flow behavior, and for this purpose the simulations and physical tests are specially designed. During the physical tests and simulations, the hopper geometry begins as a V shape with the two opposing side walls touching at the bottom of the V. Basic tests are performed by first filling the hopper with material, and then rotating the opposing side walls inward about their common intersection axis to cause an approximately uniform stress condition throughout most of the hopper. The side walls then slide upward to effectively increase the size of the opening at the bottom of the hopper until the arch of material in the hopper breaks, and all of the material falls out of the hopper. More advanced tests are also performed in which the initial rotation of the walls is slightly reversed to decrease the pressure in the hopper, corresponding to “preshear” and “shear” conditions in standard shear tests. Shear tests of the materials are also performed using a Schulze automated ring shear tester with a standard size M shear cell, and the shear tests of the glass beads and wood crumbles® are also simulated using DEM to calibrate the DEM with the FEA. Reasonable agreement between predicted and measured flow behavior is obtained indicating that this type of physical tests and modeling shows promise for characterizing and predicting the flow behavior of compressible and anisotropic materials.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2019

TRANSFORM: Catalyzing the Transition to a 21st Century Energy Economy - JISEA 2019 Annual Report

The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA) provides leading-edge, objective, high impact research and analysis to guide transformative global energy investment and policy decisions. Through strategic insights and worldwide dialogue, JISEA explores the intersections of the environmental, social, financial, technological, and political elements of energy systems on the path to a clean energy economy. JISEA's work informs innovative solutions that advance the goals of sustainability, economic prosperity, and resilience. JISEA research and analysis provided decision-making support to industry, the financial sector, and government with a focus on the following strategic areas: Energy Systems Integration and Transformation, Energy in the Global Water-Food Nexus, and Circular Energy Economy.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Collab Fracture Characterization: Preliminary Results from the Modeling and Flow Testing of Experiment 1

The EGS Collab project is developing ~10-20 m-scale field sites where fracture stimulation and flow models can be validated against controlled, small-scale, in-situ experiments. At the first experimental site, a hydraulic fracture will be created in metamorphic rock at the 4850 level in the former Homestake Mine. The experimental concept is for fracturing to be initiated at an injection well and continue until it intersects a production well approximately 10 meters away. Initial step-pressure flow testing of the fracture are to be performed to describe pressure-aperture-flow relationships. The flow field between the injector and producer boreholes will be characterized using a series of forced gradient dipole tracer tests. A number of fracture characterization models have been used to assist in the design of the tracer tests. The tracer test program will use conservative, sorbing, and particulate tracers, as well as sampling for radon gas to describe the fracture surface area (i.e., potential heat transfer area), flow pathway distribution, and volume. Tracer concentration at the production well (i.e. break through curves) will be measured using a series of inline sensors, liquid sampling devices, filtering of the effluent, and the measuring of gas concentrations in the effluent. Tracer monitoring data will be compared against results from a collection of numerical simulators developed at U.S. national laboratories and universities for the purpose of validating these flow and transport models. Ultimately these same models will be used to predict the heat transfer characteristics of the fracture and will be compared to a thermal characterization field test where cold water will be injected at the injection well and the temperature will be measured at the production well. This paper discusses the early tracer transport model predictions and parameters sensitivity that affect the tracer breakthrough curves at the production well.

Enhanced Geothermal Systems, EGS Collab, Sanford U↗
DOE OSTI2019

Opportunities for Nuclear Physics & Quantum Information Science

This whitepaper is an outcome of the workshop Intersections between Nuclear Physics and Quantum Information held at Argonne National Laboratory on 28-30 March 2018 [www.phy.anl.gov/npqi2018/]. The workshop brought together 116 national and international experts in nuclear physics and quantum information science to explore opportunities for the two fields to collaborate on topics of interest to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, and more broadly to U.S. society and industry. The workshop consisted of 22 invited and 10 contributed talks, as well as three panel discussion sessions. Topics discussed included quantum computation, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, nuclear physics detectors, nuclear many-body problem, entanglement at collider energies, and lattice gauge theories.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Method of aligning a laser-based radiation source

A method for temporally and spatially aligning a laser-based x-ray source and maintaining alignment is disclosed. A pump laser beam, which interacts with a plasma source to create an electron beam, is aligned with the electron beam. A scattering laser beam is overlapped with the pump laser beam at an intersection point. The pump laser beam and scattering laser beam alignments are monitored and adjusted to maintain optimal alignment during operation of the laser-based x-ray source.

Umstadter, Donald↗
DOE OSTI2017

Redox and plating electrode systems for an all-iron hybrid flow battery

A system for a flow cell for a hybrid flow battery, comprising: a redox plate comprising a plurality of electrolyte flow channels; conductive inserts attached to the redox plate between adjacent electrolyte flow channels; a redox electrode attached to a surface of the redox plate; a plating electrode, comprising: a plurality of folded fins with an oscillating cross-section, the plurality of folded fins comprising: a first planar surface; a second planar surface, parallel to the first planar surface; a plurality of ridges intersecting the first and second planar surfaces such that the plurality of ridges divide the first planar surface into a first plurality of strips, and divide the second planar surface into a second plurality of strips; and a membrane barrier. In this way, the capacity and performance of hybrid flow batteries may be maximized, through decreasing the reaction kinetics, mass transport and ohmic resistance losses at both electrodes.

Evans, Craig↗
DOE OSTI2019

Wargames as experiments: The Project on Nuclear Gaming’s SIGNAL framework

What can we learn from the Peloponnesian War that will help us deal with the intersection of cyber and nuclear conflict? What does World War I teach us about the role of nuclear-capable hypersonic weapons in warfare? Here, the short answer to both questions is—probably not much. While extensive scholarship on nuclear warfare and strategy exists, empirical data on the impact of emerging technologies such as cyber weaponry, advanced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance tools, and precision-guided munitions are lacking. Here, given the importance of policy-relevant research to equip decision-makers with tools to understand nuclear deterrence and reduce the likelihood of nuclear war, the scarcity of data available to analysts remains a critical gap.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exploring Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Urban Mobility Strategies: An Initial Framework to Curate Data/Models, Measure Performance, and Diffuse Innovation: Preprint

Many cities across the United States seek to understand the maturity of data and models that are available to help manage challenges, opportunities, and uncertainties associated with the shifts in technologies, human behaviors and sustainable urban mobility strategies. One key question identified for smart city action planning includes how to best shape continuous improvements for urban populations at the intersection of mobility, energy, and quality of life? With the emerging megatrends of urbanization (more than 70% of world population in cities by 2050), on-demand shared mobility, vehicle electrification, and automated vehicles, initial 'urban science' studies to date have demonstrated the potential and need for maturing the related data and model ecosystems and on-going performance measurement across multiple urban system goals: e.g., from more mobility, clean and efficient energy use, accessibility and safety to less air pollution, traffic, and resource-intensive urban sprawl. To build on emerging literature and understand city responses to disruptive change, this initial study engages researchers and practitioners across four smart city finalists (Columbus, Denver, Austin and Portland) that competed in the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Smart City Challenge. The initial results emphasize the need for a suite of datasets and diverse analytical approaches that support U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) relevant research with cities. Considering desirable energy and mobility outcomes as a first step to advancing smart city solutions strategies, we systematically review approaches of and shortcomings in four U.S. cities, and suggest improvements in three areas: measurement, modeling effectiveness of new mobility technologies, and data-driven governance.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

DeepCMB: Lensing Reconstruction of the CMB with Deep Neural Networks

Next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will have lower noise and therefore increased sensitivity, enabling improved constraints on fundamental physics parameters such as the sum of neutrino masses and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. Achieving competitive constraints on these parameters requires high signal-to-noise extraction of the projected gravitational potential from the CMB maps. Standard methods for reconstructing the lensing potential employ the quadratic estimator (QE). However, the QE performs suboptimally at the low noise levels expected in upcoming experiments. Other methods, like maximum likelihood estimators (MLE), are under active development. In this work, we demonstrate reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) - ie, a ResUNet. The network is trained and tested on simulated data, and otherwise has no physical parametrization related to the physical processes of the CMB and gravitati onal lensing. We show that, over a wide range of angular scales, ResUNets recover the input gravitational potential with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the QE method, reaching levels comparable to analytic approximations of MLE methods. We demonstrate that the network outputs quantifiably different lensing maps when given input CMB maps generated with different cosmologies. We also show we can use the reconstructed lensing map for cosmological parameter estimation. This application of CNN provides a few innovations at the intersection of cosmology and machine learning. First, while training and regressing on images, we predict a continuous-variable field rather than discrete classes. Second, we are able to establish uncertainty measures for the network output that are analogous to standard methods. We expect this approach to excel in capturing hard-to-model non-Gaussian astrophysical foreground and noise contributions.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Reconstruction and Selection Tools for Charged-Current Muon Neutrino Cross Sections in SBND

SBND Near detector for the Short-Baseline Neutrino program [1] searching for sterile neutrinos in the Booster Neutrino Beam. Data taking starts in 2020. Primary detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber with a central cathode and two drift regions (TPCs). Ionization caused by charged particles is drifted in a strong electric field and detected on wire planes. Readout triggered by the neutrino beam timing and the photon detector system (PDS). Equipped with a suite of cosmic ray taggers (CRTs) [2] surrounding the central detector. Cross-sections and backgrounds SBND will provide world leading neutrino-argon cross-sections with 7,000,000 neutrino events in three years. Charged-current muon neutrino interactions will be the most abundant. The detector is on the surface with a small overburden so there is a high flux of cosmic rays (mostly muons). Cosmic ray muons can be significant background because the electron drift velocity is slow. Reconstruction Charged deposited in the TPC is reconstructed into track and shower objects with calorimetry and interaction topology information [3]. Unambiguous cosmic rays are removed. Particle-CRT intersections are reconstructed as CRT hits, trajectories of through-going particles are reconstructed as CRT tracks. Cosmic background removal SBND will see 2-3 cosmic muon interactions in the TPC for every neutrino interaction after reconstruction and initial cosmic rejection. A number of selection cuts utilizing TPC, CRT and PDS information have been developed to further reduce this background. Particles in the detector before or after the trigger time will have a shifted reconstructed X-position, most rejection methods involve finding the true crossing time (t0).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FIBERS TO REPLACE NARC-RAYON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CBCF

A unique Carbon Bonded Carbon Fiber (CBCF) insulation was developed to provide thermal protection to the isotopic fuel in Radioisotope Power Systems. The microstructure of CBCF is comprised of chopped and carbonized rayon fibers bonded at intersections by carbonized phenolic resin. Production of CBCF insulation at ORNL has been sustained for the past three decades by a single lot of rayon purchased from North American Rayon Corporation (NARC) of Elizabethton, TN in 1987. NARC ceased operations in 1996. Although ORNL has a seven-to-ten-year supply of rayon at the current rate of consumption, an effort has been initiated to identify a new source to meet long-range needs. A summary of findings from the ongoing search for a fiber to replace NARC rayon for production of CBCF is presented.

Gallego, Nidia↗
DOE OSTI2019

Renewable Energy Technologies for the Energy Transition

Advances in renewable energy technologies have enabled the U.S. energy mix to begin a remarkable transition. This presentation highlights renewable energy technology trends and potential advances in how renewable energy intersects with other sectors, including oil & gas, hydrogen, agriculture, and material recovery.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗