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DOE OSTI2016

Comparison of Standard Wind Turbine Models with Vendor Models for Power System Stability Analysis: Preprint

The International Electrotechnical Commission Standard 61400-27-1 was published in February 2015. This standard deals with the development of generic terms and parameters to specify the electrical characteristics of wind turbines. Generic models of very complex technological systems, such as wind turbines, are thus defined based on the four common configurations available in the market. Due to its recent publication, the comparison of the response of generic models with specific vendor models plays a key role in ensuring the widespread use of this standard. This paper compares the response of a specific Gamesa dynamic wind turbine model to the corresponding generic IEC Type III wind turbine model response when the wind turbine is subjected to a three-phase voltage dip. This Type III model represents the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine, which is not only one of the most commonly sold and installed technologies in the current market but also a complex variable-speed operation implementation. In fact, active and reactive power transients are observed due to the voltage reduction. Special attention is given to the reactive power injection provided by the wind turbine models because it is a requirement of current grid codes. Further, the boundaries of the generic models associated with transient events that cannot be represented exactly are included in the paper.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2022

Regional Hybrid Energy Systems Technoeconomic Analysis

This presentation summarizes the final outputs from a multi-year HFTO-funded project that evaluated the potential for hybridized nuclear power plants to economically produce hydrogen. The focus of this presentation is on the interactions between the electricity system modeling and hydrogen system optimization and the resulting figures of merit. This project partnered with Idaho National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Electric Power Research Institute, and Xcel Energy.

ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY,HYDROGEN↗

NASA NTRS2011

Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis, Phase 2 Results

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) was requested to establish the Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis assessment, which involved development of an enhanced simulation architecture using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II simulation tool. The assessment was requested to enhance the capability of the Agency to provide rapid evaluation of EDL characteristics in systems analysis studies, preliminary design, mission development and execution, and time-critical assessments. Many of the new simulation framework capabilities were developed to support the Agency EDL-Systems Analysis (SA) team that is conducting studies of the technologies and architectures that are required to enable human and higher mass robotic missions to Mars. The findings, observations, and recommendations from the NESC are provided in this report.

Murri, Daniel G.↗

DOE OSTI2018

Weak and strong orders of linear recurring sequences

The concept of the strong order of linear recurring sequence (LRS) is introduced in this paper. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the strong LRS order are derived. The strong LRS order is exploited for the formalization of the problem of the extension of a sequence from the available fragment (fragments) of that sequence. The definition of the strong LRS order opens new possibilities for formal sequence analysis whenever the weak LRS order of that sequence exists. Computational experiments with discrete iterative maps are used to illustrate the applicability of the strong LRS order in nonlinear system analysis.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1990

Quantitative assessment of human motion using video motion analysis

In the study of the dynamics and kinematics of the human body, a wide variety of technologies was developed. Photogrammetric techniques are well documented and are known to provide reliable positional data from recorded images. Often these techniques are used in conjunction with cinematography and videography for analysis of planar motion, and to a lesser degree three-dimensional motion. Cinematography has been the most widely used medium for movement analysis. Excessive operating costs and the lag time required for film development coupled with recent advances in video technology have allowed video based motion analysis systems to emerge as a cost effective method of collecting and analyzing human movement. The Anthropometric and Biomechanics Lab at Johnson Space Center utilizes the video based Ariel Performance Analysis System to develop data on shirt-sleeved and space-suited human performance in order to plan efficient on orbit intravehicular and extravehicular activities. The system is described.

Probe, John D.↗

NASA NTRS2010

Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) was requested to establish the Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis assessment, which involved development of an enhanced simulation architecture using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) simulation tool. The assessment was requested to enhance the capability of the Agency to provide rapid evaluation of EDL characteristics in systems analysis studies, preliminary design, mission development and execution, and time-critical assessments. Many of the new simulation framework capabilities were developed to support the Agency EDL Systems Analysis (EDL-SA) team, that is conducting studies of the technologies and architectures that are required to enable higher mass robotic and human mission to Mars. The findings of the assessment are contained in this report.

Murri, Daniel G.↗

NASA NTRS2010

Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis: Appendices - Volume 2

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) was requested to establish the Simulation Framework for Rapid Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Analysis assessment, which involved development of an enhanced simulation architecture using the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) simulation tool. The assessment was requested to enhance the capability of the Agency to provide rapid evaluation of EDL characteristics in systems analysis studies, preliminary design, mission development and execution, and time-critical assessments. Many of the new simulation framework capabilities were developed to support the Agency EDL Systems Analysis (EDL-SA) team, that is conducting studies of the technologies and architectures that are required to enable higher mass robotic and human mission to Mars. The appendices to the original report are contained in this document.

Murri, Daniel G.↗

NASA NTRS1972

Apollo 16 mission Report. Supplement 1: Apollo 16 guidance, navigation, and control system performance analysis report

The results are reported of additional studies which were conducted to supplement conclusions drawn in the MSC Mission Report and analyses which were not completed in time to meet the Mission Report dealine. A detailed evaluation of the Abort Guidance System sensor assembly and results from the investigation of the X gyro loop anomaly are included. Further evidence is presented substantiating the excellent LM IMU performance obtained from preliminary indications. A detailed study is presented of the procedural changes implemented on Apollo 16 to diminish the number and duration of interruptions to the CSM DAP attitude maneuver during P20 Option 5 operations.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1984

Conceptual design of a monitoring system for the Charters of Freedom

A conceptual design of a monitoring system for the Charters of Freedom was developed for the National Archives and Records Service. The monitoring system would be installed at the National Archives and used to document the condition of the Charters as part of a regular inspection program. The results of an experimental measurements program that led to the definition of analysis system requirements are presented, a conceptual design of the monitoring system is described and the alternative approaches to implementing this design were discussed. The monitoring system is required to optically detect and measure deterioration in documents that are permanently encapsulated in glass cases. An electronic imaging system with the capability for precise photometric measurements of the contrast of the script on the documents can perform this task. Two general types of imaging systems are considered (line and area array), and their suitability for performing these required measurements are compared. A digital processing capability for analyzing the electronic imaging data is also required, and several optional levels of complexity for this digital analysis system are evaluated.

Cutts, J. A.↗

NASA NTRS1994

ECMWF and SSM/I global surface wind speeds

Monthly mean 2.5 deg x 2.5 deg resolution 10-m height wind speeds from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast-analysis system are compared between 60 deg S and 60 deg N during 1988-91. The SSM/I data were uniformly processed while numerous changes were made to the ECMWF forecast-analysis system. The SSM/I measurements, which were compared with moored-buoy wind observations, were used as a reference dataset to evaluate the influence of the changes made to the ECMWF system upon the ECMWF surface wind speed over the ocean. A demonstrable yearly decrease of the difference between SSM/I and ECMWF wind speeds occurred in the 10 deg S-10 deg N region, including the 5 deg S-5 deg N zone of the Pacific Ocean, where nearly all of the variations occurred in the 160 deg E-160 deg W region. The apparent improvement of the ECMWF wind speed occurred at the same time as the yearly decrease of the equatorial Pacific SSM/I wind speed, which was associated with the natural transition from La Nina to El Nino conditions. In the 10 deg S-10 deg N tropical Atlantic, the ECMWF wind speed had a 4-yr trend, which was not expected nor was it duplicated with the SSM/I data. No yearly trend was found in the difference between SSM/I and ECMWF surface wind speeds in middle latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The magnitude of the differences between SSM/I and ECMWF was 0.4 m/s or 100% larger in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere extratropics. In two areas (Arabian Sea and North Atlantic Ocean) where ECMWF and SSM/I wind speeds were compared to ship measurements, the ship data had much better agreement with the ECMWF analyses compared to SSM/I data. In the 10 deg S-10 deg N area the difference between monthly standard deviations of the daily wind speeds dropped significantly from 1988 to 1989 but remained constant at about 30% for the remaining years.

Halpern, David↗

NASA NTRS1993

ECMWF and SSMI Global Surface Wind Speeds

Monthly mean, 2.5 deg - x 2.5 deg-resolution, 10-m height wind speeds from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) instrument and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast-analysis system are compared between 60 deg S and 60 deg N during 1988-1991. The SSMI data were uniformly processed while numerous changes were made to the ECMWF forecast-analysis system. The SSMI measurements, which were compared with moored-buoy wind observations, were considered to be a reference data set to evaluate the influence of the changes made to the ECMWF system upon the ECMWF surface wind speed over the ocean. A demonstrable yearly decrease of the difference between SSMI and ECMWF wind speeds occurred in the 10 deg S - 10 deg N region, including the 5 deg S - 5 deg N zone of the Pacific Ocean, where nearly all of the variations occurred in the 160 deg E - 160 deg W region. The apparent improvement of the ECMWF wind speed occurred at the same time as the yearly decrease of the equatorial Pacific SSMI wind speed, which was associated with the natural transition from La Nina to El Nino conditions. In the 10 deg S - 10 deg N tropical Atlantic, the ECMWF wind speed had a 4-year trend, which was not expected nor was it duplicated with the SSMI data. No yearly trend was found in the difference between SSMI and ECMWF surface wind speeds in middle latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres. The magnitude of the differences between SSMI and ECMWF was 0.4 m s^(-1) or 100 percent larger in the northern than in the southern hemisphere extratropics. In two areas (Arabian Sea and North Atlantic Ocean) where ECMWF and SSMI wind speeds were compared to ship measurements, the ship data had much better agreement with the ECMWF analyses compared to SSMI data. In the 10 deg S - 10 deg N area the difference between monthly standard deviations of the daily wind speeds dropped significantly from 1988 to 1989, but remained constant at about 30 percent for the remaining years. y.

Halpern, David↗

DOE OSTI2016

Final Report: Hydrogen Storage System Cost Analysis

The Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) has identified hydrogen storage as a key enabling technology for advancing hydrogen and fuel cell power technologies in transportation, stationary, and portable applications. Consequently, FCTO has established targets to chart the progress of developing and demonstrating viable hydrogen storage technologies for transportation and stationary applications. This cost assessment project supports the overall FCTO goals by identifying the current technology system components, performance levels, and manufacturing/assembly techniques most likely to lead to the lowest system storage cost. Furthermore, the project forecasts the cost of these systems at a variety of annual manufacturing rates to allow comparison to the overall 2017 and “Ultimate” DOE cost targets. The cost breakdown of the system components and manufacturing steps can then be used to guide future research and development (R&D) decisions. The project was led by Strategic Analysis Inc. (SA) and aided by Rajesh Ahluwalia and Thanh Hua from Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Lin Simpson at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Since SA coordinated the project activities of all three organizations, this report includes a technical description of all project activity. This report represents a summary of contract activities and findings under SA’s five year contract to the US Department of Energy (Award No. DE-EE0005253) and constitutes the “Final Scientific Report” deliverable. Project publications and presentations are listed in the Appendix.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2022

System Integration Analysis for Modular Solid-State Substations

Structural modularity is critical to solid-state transformer (SST) and solid-state power substation (SSPS) concepts, but operational aspects related to this modularity are not yet fully understood. Previous studies and demonstrations of modular power conversion systems assume identical module compositions, but dependence on module uniformity undercuts the value of the modular framework. In this project, a hierarchical control approach was developed for modular SSTs which achieves system-level objectives while ensuring equitable power sharing between nonuniform building block modules. This enables module replacements and upgrades which leverage circuit and device technology advancements to improve system-level performance. The functionality of the control approach is demonstrated in detailed time-domain simulations. Results of this project provide context and strategic direction for future LDRD projects focusing on technologies supporting the SST crosscut outcome of the resilient energy systems mission campaign.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

NASA NTRS1973

System cost/performance analysis (study 2.3). Volume 1: Executive summary

The relationships between performance, safety, cost, and schedule parameters were identified and quantified in support of an overall effort to generate program models and methodology that provide insight into a total space vehicle program. A specific space vehicle system, the attitude control system (ACS), was used, and a modeling methodology was selected that develops a consistent set of quantitative relationships among performance, safety, cost, and schedule, based on the characteristics of the components utilized in candidate mechanisms. These descriptive equations were developed for a three-axis, earth-pointing, mass expulsion ACS. A data base describing typical candidate ACS components was implemented, along with a computer program to perform sample calculations. This approach, implemented on a computer, is capable of determining the effect of a change in functional requirements to the ACS mechanization and the resulting cost and schedule. By a simple extension of this modeling methodology to the other systems in a space vehicle, a complete space vehicle model can be developed. Study results and recommendations are presented.

Kazangey, T.↗

NASA NTRS1977

Fuel cell on-site integrated energy system parametric analysis of a residential complex

The use of phosphoric acid fuel cell powerplant to provide all the electricity required by an 81-unit garden apartment complex is studied. Byproduct heat is recovered and provides some of the heat required by the complex. The onsite integrated energy system contains energy conversion equipment including combinations of compression and absorption chillers, heat pumps, electric resistance heaters, and thermal storage. The annual fuel requirement for several onsite integrated energy systems as well as the fuel cell breakeven cost for one specific system were calculated. It is found that electrical efficiency cannot be traded off against thermal efficiency without paying a penalty in system efficiency.

Simons, S. N.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Optimization of Energy Flow through Synthetic Metabolic Modules and Regulatory Networks in a Model Photosynthetic Eukaryotic Microbe

Photosynthetic organisms have recently gained considerable attention for a role in development of renewable energy sources. Genome-enabled systems biology methods, coupled with functional and synthetic genomics, present opportunities to develop sustainable and economical applications such as fuel production within the next 10 to 15 years. However, optimization of light-driven metabolism for biomass or biofuel production will require a detailed systems biology understanding of photosynthetic processes and cellular metabolism. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are at the core of systems analysis of cellular processes and form a common organizational framework for analyses of data resulting from functional genomics experimental work and computational studies. Therefore, there is a clear demand for high quality photosynthetic model organisms and the appropriate computational tools that enable systems analysis of light-driven metabolism. Through research conducted we expanded the currently available repertoire of photosynthetic GEMs to include the commercially valuable model diatom Phaeoctylum tricornutum. Diatoms have a peculiar and distinct evolutionary footprint and represent a major eukaryotic lineage that is taxonomically and functionally distinct from green and red algae and vascular plants. Therefore, the true potential for light-driven metabolism aimed at biofuel production remains poorly understood at a systems level for a large subset of the global diversity of photosynthetic organisms. The metabolic capabilities of P. tricornutum were comparatively modeled with those from other photosynthetic groups in order to elucidate the occurrence of metabolic traits within and between phototrophs. Additionally, this research resulted in significant extension of the COnstraints Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) Toolbox to accommodate the crucial need for infrastructure required for ‘omics data integration and analysis in the context of genome-scale models. Therefore, the proposed research achieved two important goals. First, within the broad scope of photosynthetic organisms, we functionally compared and, as a result, identified cellular processes that require optimization in order to enable deployment as biofuel feedstock. Second, the proposed research resulted in development of key computational infrastructure, which can be further extended to other biological systems, that is currently lacking but necessary for multiple ‘omics data integration.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2018

Solver for hardware based computing

Full-AC load flow constitutes a core computation in power system analysis. A performance gain with a hardware implementation of a sparse-linear solver using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is achieved by use of a DC network emulation of the power system bus. Analog Behavioral Models (ABMs) are used in an efficient strategy for designing analog emulation engines for large-scale power system computation. A generator model is also developed using analog circuits for load flow emulation for power system analysis to reduce computation time. The generator model includes reconfigurable parameters using operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs). The circuit module is used with other reconfigurable circuits, i.e., transmission lines and loads.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2019

SAM Developments to Support Transient Safety Analysis of Advanced non-LWRs

System Analysis Module (SAM) is under development at Argonne National Laboratory as a modern system-level modeling and simulation tool for advanced non-light water reactor safety analyses. It utilizes the object-oriented application framework MOOSE to leverage the modern software environment and advanced numerical methods. The capabilities of SAM are being extended to enable the transient modeling, analysis, and design of various advanced nuclear reactor systems. This report summarizes major fiscal year 2019 (FY19) progress in SAM code development, capability enhancements, demonstration, and validation to support transient safety analysis of advanced non-LWRs.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗