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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1974

Decomposition of NO studied by infrared emission and CO laser absorption

A diagnostic technique for monitoring the concentration of NO using absorption of CO laser radiation was developed and applied in a study of the decomposition kinetics of NO. Simultaneous measurements of infrared emission by NO at 5.3 microns were also made to validate the laser absorption technique. The data were obtained behind incident shocks in NO-N2O-Ar (or Kr) mixtures, with temperatures in the range 2400-4100 K. Rate constants for dominant reactions were inferred from comparisons with computer simulations of the reactive flow.

Hanson, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Laboratory studies of infrared absorption by NO2 and HNO3

Data concerning the quantitative absorption in the 11 and 22 micron region by HNO3 were obtained. Results are presented indicating the temperature dependence of these bands of HNO3 vapor. The 21.8 micron absorption bands of HNO3 vapor at 40 C are discussed along with the integrated intensity and line parameters for the 6.2 micron band of NO2.

Murcray, D. G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A simple method to incorporate water vapor absorption in the 15 microns remote temperature sounding

The water vapor absorption in the 15 micron CO2 band, which can affect the remotely sensed temperatures near the surface, are estimated with the help of an empirical method. This method is based on the differential absorption properties of the water vapor in the 11-13 micron window region and does not require a detailed knowledge of the water vapor profile. With this approach Nimbus 4 IRIS radiance measurements are inverted to obtain temperature profiles. These calculated profiles agree with radiosonde data within about 2 C.

Dallu, G.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Absorption line studies of reflection from horizontally inhomogeneous layers

The article details an inhomogeneous reflecting layer (IRFL) model designed to survey absorption line behavior from a Squires-like cloud cover (which is characterized by convection cell structure). Computational problems and procedures are discussed in detail. The results show trends usually opposite to those predicted by a simple reflecting layer model. Per cent equivalent width variations for the tower model are usually somewhat greater for weak than for relatively strong absorption lines, with differences of a factor of about two or three. IRFL equivalent width variations do not differ drastically as a function of geometry when the total volume of absorbing gas is held constant. The IRFL results are in many instances consistent with observed equivalent width variations of Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus.

Appleby, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Differential-optoacoustic absorption detector

Two-cell spectrophone detects trace amounts of atmospheric pollutants by measuring absorption coefficients of gases with various laser sources. Device measures pressure difference between two tapered cells with differential manometer. Background signal is reduced by balanced window heating and balanced carrier gas absorption in two cells.

Shumate, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Measurements of trace constituents from atmospheric infrared emission and absorption spectra, a feasibility study

The feasibility of detecting eight trace constituents (CH4, HCl, HF, HNO3, NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2) against the rest of the atmospheric background at various altitudes from infrared emission and absorption atmospheric spectra was studied. Line-by-line calculations and observational data were used to establish features that can be observed in the atmospheric spectrum due to each trace constituent. Model calculations were made for experimental conditions which approximately represent state of the art emission and absorption spectrometers.

Goldman, A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Ultraviolet absorption experiment MA-059

The ultraviolet absorption experiment performed during the Apollo Soyuz mission involved sending a beam of atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen resonance radiation, strong unabsorbable oxygen and nitrogen radiation, and visual radiation, all filling the same 3 deg-wide field of view from the Apollo to the Soyuz. The radiation struck a retroreflector array on the Soyuz and was returned to a spectrometer onboard the Apollo. The density of atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen between the two spacecraft was measured by observing the amount of resonance radiation absorbed when the line joining Apollo and Soyuz was perpendicular to their velocity with respect to the ambient atmosphere. Information concerning oxygen densities was also obtained by observation of resonantly fluorescent light. The absorption experiments for atomic oxygen and atomic nitrogen were successfully performed at a range of 500 meters, and abundant resonance fluorescence data were obtained.

Donahue, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Absorption dips at low X-ray energies in Cygnus X-1

Absorbing material in Cygnus X-1 jitters near the line joining the two stars, out of the orbital plane is described. Three looks with the Copernicus satellite at Cygnus X-1 have produced four examples of absorption dips (decreases in the 2 to 7 keV flux from Cygnus X-1 with an increase of spectral hardness consistent with photoelectric absorption).

Murdin, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Effective mie-scattering and CO2 absorption in the dust-laden Martian atmosphere and its impact on radiative-convective temperature changes in the lower scale heights

A time dependent computer model of radiative-convective-conductive heat transfer in the Martian ground-atmosphere system was refined by incorporating an intermediate line strength CO2 band absorption which together with the strong-and weak-line approximation closely simulated the radiative transmission through a vertically inhomogeneous stratification. About 33,000 CO2 lines were processed to cover the spectral range of solar and planetary radiation. Absorption by silicate dust particulates, was taken into consideration to study its impact on the ground-atmosphere temperature field as a function of time. This model was subsequently attuned to IRIS, IR-radiometric and S-band occultation data. Satisfactory simulations of the measured IRIS spectra were accomplished for the dust-free condition. In the case of variable dust loads, the simulations were sufficiently fair so that some inferences into the effect of dust on temperature were justified.

Pallmann, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Pressure-induced absorption by H2 in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn

Observations of the S(1) line of the pressure-induced fundamental band of H2 in the spectra of Saturn and Jupiter are analyzed by comparing the observed line shape with predictions of both a reflecting-layer model and a homogeneous-scattering model of the atmospheres. Upper and lower limits are derived for the values of relative intensity that occur between 5000 and 5100 kaysers, the percent absorption due to H2 at 5100 kaysers is estimated, and it is established that methane and ammonia cannot account for the broad absorption attributed to hydrogen. The comparison with the model atmospheres shows that the reflecting-layer model appears to give the best fit to the Saturn line profile for temperatures near 150 K, while both models provide good fits to the Jupiter data, but for widely differing temperatures. Difficulties encountered in determining the true continuum level, especially for Jupiter, are discussed.

Martin, T. Z.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Decomposition of NO studied by infrared emission and CO laser absorption

A diagnostic technique for monitoring the concentration of NO using absorption of CO laser radiation has been developed and applied in a study of the decomposition kinetics of NO. Simultaneous measurements of infrared emission by NO at 5.3 microns were also made to validate the laser absorption technique. The data were obtained behind incident shocks in NO-N2O-Ar (or Kr) mixtures, with temperatures in the range 2400-4100 K. The rate constant for the dominant reaction of O and NO to yield N and O2 was inferred from comparisons with computer simulations of the reactive flow.

Hanson, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Absorption cross sections of some atmospheric molecules for resonantly scattered O I 1304-A radiation

Absorption cross sections for O2, N2, CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO have been measured at each of the lines of the atomic oxygen triplet at 1302, 1305, and 1306 A. Radiation resonantly scattered from oxygen atoms at a temperature of about 300 K was used for the line source. Absorber temperatures were also near 300 K. Direct application of the Lambert-Beer absorption equation yielded pressure-dependent cross sections for carbon monoxide at each line of the O I triplet. Reasons for this apparent dependence are presented and discussed.

Starr, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Measured performance of a 3 ton LiBr absorption water chiller and its effect on cooling system operation

A three ton lithium bromide absorption water chiller was tested for a number of conditions involving hot water input, chilled water, and the cooling water. The primary influences on chiller capacity were the hot water inlet temperature and the cooling water inlet temperature. One combination of these two parameters extended the output to as much as 125% of design capacity, but no combination could lower the capacity to below 60% of design. A cooling system was conceptually designed so that it could provide several modes of operation. Such flexibility is needed for any solar cooling system to be able to accommodate the varying solar energy collection and the varying building demand. It was concluded that a three-ton absorption water chiller with the kind of performance that was measured can be incorporated into a cooling system such as that proposed, to provide efficient cooling over the specified ranges of operating conditions.

Namkoong, D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Charged-particle absorption by Io

An idealized two-dimensional model of the distorted electric field configuration, in the limit of a perfectly conducting satellite or satellite ionosphere, has been constructed. This model has been used to trace the adiabatic guiding-center trajectories of energetic protons and electrons across Jupiter's magnetic-field lines, which are taken as rectilinear. The adiabatic trajectories of very low-energy particles (cold-plasma) are thus found to avoid the satellite and escape absorption. In the limit of very high particle energies the adiabatic trajectories are undistorted, and absorption proceeds as if Io were an insulator. The particle absorbing characteristics of an electrically conducting Jovian satellite are found to depend on both the species and the energy of the incident particle, and the satellite's particle-absorbing cross section differs systematically from its geometric cross section.

Schulz, M.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Optimization of absorption air-conditioning for solar energy applications

Improved performance of solar cooling systems using the lithium bromide water absorption cycle is investigated. Included are computer simulations of a solar-cooled house, analyses and measurements of heat transfer rates in absorption system components, and design and fabrication of various system components. A survey of solar collector convection suppression methods is presented.

Perry, E. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Solar absorption characteristics of several coatings and surface finishes

Solar absorption characteristics are established for several films potentially favorable for use as receiving surfaces in solar energy collectors. Included in the investigation were chemically produced black films, black electrodeposits, and anodized coatings. It was found that black nickel exhibited the best combination of selective optical properties of any of the coatings studied. A serious drawback to black nickel was its high susceptibility to degradation in the presence of high moisture environments. Electroplated black chrome generally exhibited high solar absorptivities, but the emissivity varied considerably and was also relatively high under some conditions. The black chrome had the greatest moisture resistance of any of the coatings tested. Black oxide coatings on copper and steel substrates showed the best combination of selective optical properties of any of the chemical conversion films studied.

Lowery, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Rise kinetics of light-induced modulation of absorption for a CdS crystal

An experimental study has been made of the rise kinetics for changes in optical absorption in a single crystal of CdS which was bulk excited by pulsed laser light. The experimental data were compared to calculations from a simple model involving a bimolecular process. Experimental and calculated values agreed to within the experimental error and confirmed that light-induced modulation of absorption is a bimolecular process.

Long, E. R., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Monitoring complex trace-gas mixtures by long-path laser absorption spectrometry

Laser-based spectrophotometric methods, which have been proposed for the detection of trace concentrations of gaseous contaminants, include Raman and passive radiometry. The paper discusses a simple long-path laser absorption method which is capable of resolving complex mixtures of closely related trace contaminants at ppm levels. A number of species were selected which are most likely to accumulate in closed environments, such as submarines or long-duration manned space flights. Absorption coefficients at CO2 laser wavelengths were measured, accurate to + 3 per cent or better, for each of these species. This data base was then used to determine the presence and concentration of the contaminants in prepared mixtures of 12 to 15 gases. Computer programs have been developed which will permit a real-time analysis of the monitored atmosphere. Minimum detectable concentrations for individual species are generally in the ppm range, and are not seriously degraded by interferences even in complex mixtures. Estimates of the dynamic range of this monitoring technique for various system configurations and comparison with other methods of analysis are discussed

Green, B. D.↗