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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,567 records · Page 87
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Tailoring Fibre Structure Enabled by X-ray Analytics for Targeted Biomedical Applications

The rising interest in designing fibres via spinning techniques combining the properties of various polymeric materials into advanced functionalised materials is directed towards targeted biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wearable sensors or tissue engineering. Understanding how these functional polymers exhibit multiscale structures ranging from the molecular level to nano-, micro-and millimetre scale is a key prerequisite for their challenging applications that can be addressed by a non-destructive X-ray based analytical approach. X-ray multimodalities combining X-ray imaging, scattering and diffraction allow the study of morphology, molecular structure, and the analysis of nano-domain size and shape, crystallinity and preferential orientation in 3D arrangements. The incorporation of X-ray analytics in the design process of polymeric fibers via their nanostructure under non-ambient conditions (i.e. temperature, mechanical load, humidity…) allows for efficient optimization of the fabrication process as well as quality control along the product lifetime under operating environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate the successful collaboration between the laboratory of Biomimetic Textiles and Membranes and the Center of X-ray Analytics at Empa for the design, characterisation and optimisation of advanced functionalised polymeric fibrous material systems.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2013

Early Regulatory Engagement for Successful Site Remediation: the UK Experience - 13173

The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) is an independent safety, security and transport regulator of the UK nuclear industry. ONR regulates all civil nuclear reactor power stations, fuel manufacture, enrichment, spent fuel reprocessing, most defence sites and installations that store and process legacy spent fuel and radioactive waste. The responsibility for funding and strategic direction of decommissioning and radioactive waste management of state owned legacy sites has rested solely with the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) since 2005. A key component of NDA's mandate was to encourage new strategic approaches and innovation to dealing with the UK's waste legacy and which deliver value-for-money to the UK taxpayer. ONR, as an agency of the Health and Safety Executive, is entirely independent of NDA and regulates all prescribed activities on NDA's sites. NDA's competition of site management and closure contracts has attracted significant international interest and the formation of consortia comprised of major British, US, French and Swedish organizations bidding for those contracts. The prominence of US organizations in each of those consortia reflects the scale and breadth of existing waste management and D and D projects in the US. This paper will articulate, in broad terms, the challenges faced by international organizations seeking to employ 'off-the-shelf' technology and D and D techniques, successfully employed elsewhere, into the UK regulatory context. The predominantly 'goal-setting' regulatory framework in the UK does not generally prescribe a minimum standard to which a licensee must adhere. The legal onus on licensees in the UK is to demonstrate, whatever technology is selected, that in its applications, risks are reduced 'So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable' or 'SFAIRP'. By the nature of its role, ONR adopts a conservative approach to regulation; however ONR also recognises that in the decommissioning (and ultimately the site closure) domain, it is often necessary to consider and support novel approaches to achieve the nationally desired end-state. Crucial to successful and compliant operation in this regulatory environment is early and sustained engagement of the contractor with the regulator. There must be a 'no-surprises' culture to engender regulatory confidence early in a project. The paper considers some of the challenges facing international prime and lower tier contractors when undertaking D and D contracts in the UK, and emphasizes the importance of constructive and transparent dialogue with all regulators to sustain confidence at all stages of a major decommissioning project. The paper will also articulate ONR's strategy to increase collaboration with the US Department of Energy in light of increasing UK-US synergy in the area of waste management and to benchmark respective regulatory approaches. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2017

Diamond dose rate detector testing at KURRI- A joint UK-Japan research project - 17126

Measurements of radiation dose rates in highly active environments, such as nuclear plant decommissioning or following a nuclear disaster, is challenging due to the extreme environments encountered and restricted access. Therefore, novel radiation detector technology is required to address these challenges. One such example of a radiation detection material is diamond, as it is able to withstand and measure high radiation intensities, is chemically inert and formable into extremely small, sensitive detectors. These detectors generate small currents when exposed to radiation, and if the radiation levels are high enough this can be measured. Testing of such detectors is not possible in routine laboratories due to the requirement to have high active radiation sources. However, through a new collaboration formed through the University of Bristol- Kyoto University bilateral symposia such facilities are accessible for UK researchers at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute. This paper presents an overview of the collaborative research project, the accessible facilities for device manufacture and testing and some early results from radiation testing of diamond detectors at KURRI. (authors)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Fisheries Acoustics Archive Network Deep Dive

EPOC uses the Deep Dive process to discuss and analyze current and planned science use cases and anticipated data output of a particular use case, site, or project to help inform the strategic planning of a campus or regional networking environment. This includes understanding future needs related to network operations, network capacity upgrades, and other technological service investments. A Deep Dive comprehensively surveys major research stakeholders’ plans and processes in order to investigate data management requirements over the next 5–10 years. Deep Dives help ensure that key stakeholders have a common understanding of the issues and the actions that a campus or regional network may need to undertake to offer solutions. The EPOC team leads the effort and relies on collaboration with the hosting site or network, and other affiliated entities that participate in the process. EPOC organizes, convenes, executes, and shares the outcomes of the review with all stakeholders. Between May 2021 and August 2021, staff members from the Engagement and Performance Operations Center (EPOC) met with researchers and staff from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s N-Wave (the Enterprise network that supports the NOAA mission) and National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)'s Fisheries Acoustics Archive for the purpose of a recording a Deep Dive into research drivers. The goal of these meetings was to help characterize the requirements for the research use case, and to enable cyberinfrastructure support staff to better understand the needs of the researchers they support.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Heavy-tailed distribution of the number of papers within scientific journals

Scholarly publications represent at least two benefits for the study of the scientific community as a social group. First, they attest to some form of relation between scientists (collaborations, mentoring, heritage, …), useful to determine and analyze social subgroups. Second, most of them are recorded in large databases, easily accessible and including a lot of pertinent information, easing the quantitative and qualitative study of the scientific community. Understanding the underlying dynamics driving the creation of knowledge in general, and of scientific publication in particular, can contribute to maintaining a high level of research, by identifying good and bad practices in science. In this article, we aim to advance this understanding by a statistical analysis of publication within peer-reviewed journals. Namely, we show that the distribution of the number of papers published by an author in a given journal is heavy-tailed, but has a lighter tail than a power law. Interestingly, we demonstrate (both analytically and numerically) that such distributions match the result of a modified preferential attachment process, where, on top of a Barabási-Albert process, we take the finite career span of scientists into account.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2013

Accelerating Scientific Knowledge Discovery (ASKD) Working Group Report

Sustained scientific progress over the next decade and beyond will require new advanced discovery ecosystems quite different from the computational and collaborative environments in which most research is performed today. These systems will need to connect increasing numbers of scientists, enable use of data and computational services at unprecedented scales, foster scientific discoveries based on ever more complex cross-disciplinary hypotheses, facilitate the immediate sharing and exchange of existing and emerging knowledge, and provide mechanisms for timely control of and feedback to instruments and simulations. To achieve this goal requires computer science research advances in multiple areas.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2016

Advanced Nuclear Fuels and Materials Development and Philosophy of the DOE Advanced Fuels Campaign

The mission of the Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC) is to perform Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD and D) activities for advanced fuel forms (including cladding) to enhance the performance and safety of the nation's current and future reactors; enhance proliferation resistance of nuclear fuel; effectively utilize nuclear energy resources; and address longer-term waste management challenges. This includes development of a state-of-the art Research and Development (R and D) infrastructure to support the use of a 'goal-oriented science-based approach.' AFC uses this approach to develop a fundamental understanding of fuel and cladding fabrication methods and performance under irradiation, enabling the pursuit of multiple fuel forms for future fuel cycle options. This approach includes fundamental experiments, theory, and advanced modeling and simulation. One of the most challenging aspects of AFC is the management, integration, and coordination of major R and D activities across multiple organizations. AFC interfaces and collaborates with other Fuel Cycle Technologies (FCT) campaigns, universities, industry, various DOE programs and laboratories, federal agencies (e.g., Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC]), and international organizations. Key challenges are the development of fuel technologies to enable major increases in fuel performance (safety, reliability, power and burnup) beyond current technologies, and development of characterization methods and predictive fuel performance models to enable more efficient development and licensing of advanced fuels. AFC is challenged with the research and development of fuels for two different reactor technology platforms, namely transmutation fuel for non-water cooled reactors and advanced fuel development for light water reactor (LWR) systems. This presentation will provide an overview of the Advanced Fuel Campaign activities including the near term activities in advanced nuclear fuel system research and development as well as highlighting general activities pursued to improve the study, modeling, and simulation of irradiated nuclear materials. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Covalently linked HslU hexamers support a probabilistic mechanism that links ATP hydrolysis to protein unfolding and translocation

The HslUV proteolytic machine consists of HslV, a double-ring self-compartmentalized peptidase, and one or two AAA+ HslU ring hexamers that hydrolyze ATP to power the unfolding of protein substrates and their translocation into the proteolytic chamber of HslV. Furthermore, we use genetic tethering and disulfide bonding strategies to construct HslU pseudohexamers containing mixtures of ATPase active and inactive subunits at defined positions in the hexameric ring. Genetic tethering impairs HslV binding and degradation, even for pseudohexamers with six active subunits, but disulfide-linked pseudohexamers do not have these defects, indicating that the peptide tether interferes with HslV interactions. Importantly, pseudohexamers containing different patterns of hydrolytically active and inactive subunits retain the ability to unfold protein substrates and/or collaborate with HslV in their degradation, supporting a model in which ATP hydrolysis and linked mechanical function in the HslU ring operate by a probabilistic mechanism.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Networking: the view from HEP

Networks have played a critical role in high-energy physics (HEP), enabling us to access and effectively utilize globally distributed resources to meet the needs of our physicists. National and global-scale collaborations that characterize HEP would not be feasible without ubiquitous capable networks. Because of their importance in enabling our grid computing infrastructure many physicists have taken leading roles in research and education (R&E) networking, participating in, and even convening, network related meetings and research programs with the broader networking community worldwide. This has led to HEP benefiting from excellent global networking capabilities for little to no direct cost. However, as other science domains ramp-up their need for similar networking it becomes less clear that this situation will continue unchanged. This paper will briefly discuss the history of networking in HEP, the current activities and challenges we are facing, and try to provide some understanding of where networking may be going in the next 5 to 10 years.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Conservation and conviviality in the American West

The emerging field of convivial conservation (CC) draws on the tradition of political ecology (PE) to present a “radical” alternative to contemporary environmentalisms, speaking to the challenges of conservation in the Anthropocene as well as the global ascent of reactionary populism. Building on previous work arguing for the ongoing value of dialogue between PE and the American West, I here develop a conversation between CC and another radical intervention, the collaborative conservation of the West’s so-called “radical center” (RC). Using the nexus of wolf–livestock conflict and public lands grazing, I first trace a genealogical history of western environmental politics before turning to CC as critical corrective to the shortcomings of the RC. Scholarship on the commons and commoning provides an analytical bridge and political toolkit for linking the empirics of place with the aspirational aims of conviviality, and naming and navigating on-the-ground obstacles to collaborative conservation efforts in the region. This dialogue in turn highlights deeply rooted tensions of capitalist political economy and questions of non/belonging rooted in settler colonialism—necessary regional engagements for building from polarized antagonism toward an alternative environmental politics of coexistence and conviviality.

Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗
DOE OSTI2015

Multi-material Preforming of Structural Composites

Fiber-reinforced composites offer significant weight reduction potential, with glass fiber composites already widely adopted. Carbon fiber composites deliver the greatest performance benefits, but their high cost has inhibited widespread adoption. This project demonstrates that hybrid carbon-glass solutions can realize most of the benefits of carbon fiber composites at much lower cost. ORNL and Owens Corning Reinforcements along with program participants at the ORISE collaborated to demonstrate methods for produce hybrid composites along with techniques to predict performance and economic tradeoffs. These predictions were then verified in testing coupons and more complex demonstration articles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

BES-HEP Connections: Common Problems in Condensed Matter and High Energy Physics, Round Table Discussion

On February 2, 2015 the Offices of High Energy Physics (HEP) and Basic Energy Sciences (BES) convened a Round Table discussion among a group of physicists on ‘Common Problems in Condensed Matter and High Energy Physics’. This was motivated by the realization that both fields deal with quantum many body problems, share many of the same challenges, use quantum field theoretical approaches and have productively interacted in the past. The meeting brought together physicists with intersecting interests to explore recent developments and identify possible areas of collaboration.... Several topics were identified as offering great opportunity for discovery and advancement in both condensed matter physics and particle physics research. These included topological phases of matter, the use of entanglement as a tool to study nontrivial quantum systems in condensed matter and gravity, the gauge-gravity duality, non-Fermi liquids, the interplay of transport and anomalies, and strongly interacting disordered systems. Many of the condensed matter problems are realizable in laboratory experiments, where new methods beyond the usual quasi-particle approximation are needed to explain the observed exotic and anomalous results. Tools and techniques such as lattice gauge theories, numerical simulations of many-body systems, and tensor networks are seen as valuable to both communities and will likely benefit from collaborative development.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Collaborative Project: Improving the Representation of Coastal and Estuarine Processes in Earth System Models

This project aimed to improve long term global climate simulations by resolving and enhancing the representation of the processes involved in the cycling of freshwater through estuaries and coastal regions. This was a collaborative multi-institution project consisting of physical oceanographers, climate model developers, and computational scientists. It specifically targeted the DOE objectives of advancing simulation and predictive capability of climate models through improvements in resolution and physical process representation.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Mineral solubility and free energy controls on microbial reaction kinetics: Application to contaminant transport in the subsurface

Recent developments in the theoretical treatment of geomicrobial reaction processes have resulted in the formulation of kinetic models that directly link the rates of microbial respiration and growth to the corresponding thermodynamic driving forces. The overall objective of this project was to verify and calibrate these kinetic models for the microbial reduction of uranium(VI) in geochemical conditions that mimic as much as possible field conditions. The approach combined modeling of bacterial processes using new bioenergetic rate laws, laboratory experiments to determine the bioavailability of uranium during uranium bioreduction, evaluation of microbial growth yield under energy-limited conditions using bioreactor experiments, competition experiments between metabolic processes in environmentally relevant conditions, and model applications at the field scale. The new kinetic descriptions of microbial U(VI) and Fe(III) reduction should replace those currently used in reactive transport models that couple catabolic energy generation and growth of microbial populations to the rates of biogeochemical redox processes. The above work was carried out in collaboration between the groups of Taillefert (batch reactor experiments and reaction modeling) at Georgia Tech and Van Cappellen (retentostat experiments and reactive transport modeling) at University of Waterloo (Canada).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2018

The SLD Vertex Detector Upgrade (VXD3) and a Study of $b\bar{b}g$ Events [Thesis]

This thesis presents a variety of work concerning the design, construction and use of the SLD's vertex detector. SLD's pioneering 120 Mpixel vertex detector, VXD2, was replaced by VXD3, a 307Mpixel CCD vertex detector in January 1996. The motivation for the up-grade detector and its subsequent construction and testing are described in some detail. This work represents the collaborative work of a large number of people. My work was mainly carried out at EEV on the testing of the CCDs and subsequent ladders. VXD3 was commissioned during the 1996 SLD run and performed very close to design specifications.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2018

Life Cycle Analysis of ONE Future's Supply Chain Methane Emissions

NETL partnered with ONE Future (natural gas industry) to improve operational efficiency and mitigate methane emissions to enhance the nation’s safe and reliable delivery of natural gas. The key findings show that there are industry participants who, through best practices and capital investments, have improved the overall efficiency of their systems. The strategies employed by ONE Future participants are a benchmark that can be followed by other natural gas operators. This collaboration demonstrates how industry and government can work together to improve the understanding of methane emissions and potential reduction strategies that can improve the long-term operational efficiency of the nations’ natural gas production and delivery systems.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between National Energy Technology Laboratory and Pyrochem Catalyst Company [Abstract]

A catalytic converter is a key enabling technology for more advanced engine technologies to meet the more stringent fuel economy and emission standards of the future, particularly the requirement to treat emissions formed during a cold start (which account for between 60-80% of total emissions). As internal combustion engine technology is expected to remain a dominant force in the market, new and innovative catalyst technologies are needed with low temperature activity to reduce exhaust pollutants by 90% at temperatures as low as 150°C, with a performance lifetime that exceeds 150,000 miles of driving. Considering current catalyst technology only starts to convert pollutants at 200°C, the challenge is significant. Pyrochem Catalyst Company (PCC) has developed a promising PyroCatTM pyrochlore catalyst technology (that incorporates an NETL technology licensed by PCC), which has shown activity better than current state of the art and approaching the 150°C target. NETL and PCC will collaborate to transition PyroCatTM from lab-scale testing to commercialization through the generation of a commercially representative monolith catalyst that can be sent to automotive companies and catalyst manufacturers to validate in their reactor systems.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

AA 7075 Sheet with 700 MPa Strength for Automotive Structural Components: CRADA 520 [Abstract only]

Fairmount Technologies is developing a new metal forming machine intended to produce ultra-high strength Aluminum Alloy AA 7075 sheets and is seeking to collaborate with PNNL to optimize the production process, as well as the strength and formability of the sheet produced. Results will be used to infer (and optionally demonstrate) whether aluminum components such as side-impact beams can be successfully formed from this sheet.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗