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At least 1,567 records · Page 87

SWiFT site atmospheric characterization

Historical meteorological tall tower data are analyzed from the Texas Tech University 200 m tower to characterize the atmospheric trends of the Scaled Wind Farm Technologies (SWiFT) site. In this report the data are analyzed to reveal bulk atmospheric trends, temporal trends and correlations of atmospheric variables. Through this analysis for the SWiFT turbines the site International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) classification is determined to be class III-C. Averages and distributions of atmospheric variables are shown, revealing large fluctuations and the importance of understanding the actual site trends as opposed to simply using averages. The site is significantly directional with the average wind speed from the south, and particularly so in summer and fall. Site temporal trends are analyzed from both seasonal (time of the year) to daily (hour of the day) perspectives. Atmospheric stability is seen to vary most with time of day and less with time of year. Turbulence intensity is highly correlated with stability, and typical daytime unstable conditions see double the level of turbulence intensity versus that experienced during the average stable night. Shear, veer and atmospheric stability correlations are shown, where shear and veer are both highest for stable atmospheric conditions. An analysis of the Texas Tech University tower anemometer measurements is performed which reveals the extent of the tower shadow effects and sonic tilt misalignment.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Marine Ice Nuclei Collections – MAGIC (MAGIC-IN) Final Campaign Summary

This campaign augmented measurements obtained via deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility’s ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) in the Marine ARM GPCI1 Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign. The measurements, comprised of shipboard aerosol collections obtained during the five legs of the summer 2013 cruises, were sent for offline processing to measure ice nucleating particle (INP) number concentrations. The forty-three sample periods each represented, nominally, 24-hour segments during outbound and inbound transits of the Horizon Spirit. The samples were collected at locations between Los Angeles and Hawaii. Eight samples have been analyzed for immersion freezing temperature spectra thus far, using funding from other grants. Remaining samples are being frozen until support for further processing is obtained. Future analyses will investigate the inorganic/organic proportions of ice nuclei, in addition to determining the genetic composition of the overall biological community associated with INPs. Resulting correlations will be compared with other archived aerosol quantities, meteorological and ocean data (e.g., temperature, wind speed, sea surface temperature, etc…) and satellite ocean color products. These findings will ultimately aid in parameterizing oceanic (e.g., sea spray) INP emissions in regional and global scale models, when illustrating aerosol connections to cloud phases and properties. Independent future analyses of frozen filter samples, as proposed by collaborating investigators at the time of this report, will include single particle analyses of marine boundary layer aerosol compositions and morphology. The MAGIC-IN data are considered representative of the oligotrophic, low Chlorophyll-a (with the exception of near-shore) ocean regions, which exist along the MAGIC transect. Current analyses suggest that INP numbers in the marine boundary layer over this region are typically low, compared to existing measurements over marine areas and those collected in the laboratory as the result of realistic sea spray particle generation. These findings, along with separate studies, confirm the existence of highly variable emission sources for INP from oceans, (though weaker than land-based emissions at modestly cooled temperatures).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Department of Energy WindSentinel Loan Program Description

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) currently owns two AXYS WindSentinel buoys that collect a comprehensive set of meteorological and oceanographic data to support resource characterization for wind energy offshore. The two buoys were delivered to DOE’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in September, 2014. After acceptance testing and initial performance testing and evaluation at PNNL’s Marine Sciences Laboratory in Sequim, Washington, the buoys have been deployed off the U.S. East Coast. One buoy was deployed approximately 42 km east of Virginia Beach, Virginia from December, 2014 through June, 2016. The second buoy was deployed approximately 5 km off Atlantic City, New Jersey in November, 2015. Data from the buoys are available to the public. Interested parties can create an account and log in to http://offshoreweb.pnnl.gov. In response to a number of inquiries and unsolicited proposals, DOE’s Wind Energy Technologies Office is implementing a program, to be managed by PNNL, to lend the buoys to qualified parties for the purpose of acquiring wind resource characterization data in areas of interest for offshore wind energy development. This document describes the buoys, the scope of the loans, the process of how borrowers will be selected, and the schedule for implementation of this program, including completing current deployments.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Low-Cost Multiparameter Device for Solar Resource Applications

The National Renewable Research Laboratory (NREL) Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL), in collaboration with Arable Labs Inc., deployed, calibrated, and characterized Arable Lab's Mark low-cost, multiparameter sensor system. Arable Labs was selected by the U.S. Department of Energy for a small business voucher to work with NREL to tap into the knowledge and expertise Arable needs to tailor and evaluate the Mark device for broader solar energy applications. The device is a complete and independent unit. It is a self-powered, off-the-shelf solution for remote solar irradiance and meteorological sensing and data collection. Calibration of devices against the SRRL instruments provides an understanding of the quality of a new instrument compared to peers. The characterization process provides an understanding of the variability compared to high-quality instruments and essentially provides methods to correct the sources of the variabilities.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Powering the Blue Economy Foundational Research & Development Topics Reliability for Marine Energy Power Systems

Ocean observing platforms are deployed across the world’s oceans to collect meteorological and oceanographic data. Current technology makes use of solar panels and battery banks to provide power to these platforms, which can be challenging at high latitudes due to lack of solar insolation and cold temperatures. Marine renewable energy (MRE) generation offers a potential improvement in consistent power generation throughout the year for this use on ocean observation buoys. This report analyzes existing reliability of high latitude coastal weather buoys and tsunami detection buoys to determine performance standards that MRE generation sources must meet to become viable power sources for these remote systems. Using measurements recorded from the U.S. National Data Buoy Center’s coastal weather buoys and tsunami detection buoys, the analysis calculated the historic data availability – or the percentage of time a measurement is recorded – to evaluate the reliability of ocean observation buoys. The results show that coastal weather buoys operate at 74% data availability and the tsunami detection systems operate at an average 72% data availability. The results describe the total reliability of the system, including many different types of failures not associated with the power system such as mooring failures or equipment failures caused by extreme weather. Power system outages may only account for a small portion of the system failures. Reliability is an important design criterion for the power system of ocean observation platforms. Future power systems that would be designed for these buoys, such as an MRE generator, need to have a minimum reliability of 72% and 74% to meet the overall performance of the weather buoys and tsunami buoys, respectively. However, power system reliability likely needs to be much higher than overall system reliability, so that power system outages do not negatively impact the overall performance of the buoy.

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NDBC Buoy 46011

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are a part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46012

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46013

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46014

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are a part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46022

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46025

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46026

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46027

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46028

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46042

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46047

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46053

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

NDBC Buoy 46054

The purpose of this dataset is to provide filtered, averaged buoy surface meteorological and oceanographic data and standardize the data format into NetCDF. The buoy was deployed by NDBC. These data are part of the observational database created for supporting the floating offshore wind project within the DOE-funded ORACLE project.

17 WIND ENERGY↗