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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,585 records · Page 88
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Magneto-optical imaging technique for hostile environments: The ghost imaging approach

In this paper, we develop an approach to magneto optical imaging (MOI), applying a ghost imaging (GI) protocol to perform Faraday microscopy. MOI is of the utmost importance for the investigation of magnetic properties of material samples, through Weiss domains shape, dimension and dynamics analysis. Nevertheless, in some extreme conditions such as cryogenic temperatures or high magnetic field applications, there exists a lack of domain images due to the difficulty in creating an efficient imaging system in such environments. Here, we present an innovative MOI technique that separates the imaging optical path from the one illuminating the object. The technique is based on thermal light GI and exploits correlations between light beams to retrieve the image of magnetic domains. As a proof of principle, the proposed technique is applied to the Faraday magneto-optical observation of the remanence domain structure of an yttrium iron garnet sample.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dynamics of the photoinduced insulator-to-metal transition in a nickelate film

Material properties can be controlled via strain, pressure, chemical composition, or dimensionality. Nickelates are particularly susceptible due to their strong variations of the electronic and magnetic properties on such external stimuli. Here, we analyze the photoinduced dynamics in a single crystalline NdNiO3 film upon excitation across the electronic gap. Using time-resolved reflectivity and resonant x-ray diffraction, we show that the pump pulse induces an insulator-to-metal transition, accompanied by the melting of the charge order. Finally, we compare our results with similar studies in manganites and show that the same model can be used to describe the dynamics in nickelates, hinting towards a unified description of these photoinduced electronic ordering phase transitions. © 2018 Author(s).

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of heat treatment on structural and Mössbauer spectroscopic properties of coprecipitated Mn{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles

Results obtained in a systamatic study by X-ray diffraction and Mösssbauer spectroscopy on the structural and magnetic properties on Mn{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles heat treated at 200 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C are reported. Average crystallite sizes are estimated to be in the range (2.6nm – 12.8nm). It is observed that crystallite sizes increase with increase in sintering temperature and random variation in lattice parameter was observed. At relatively low sintering temperatures the samples exhibit superparamagnetism and complete ferrite phase was observed at higher heat treatment.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magnetic and Resonant Properties of Fe–Bi Films

Film structures in the Fe–Bi system have been studied experimentally. The magnetic state of the two-layer structures is shown by electron magnetic resonance to be dependent on the order of depositing magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. The three-layer structures demonstrate the effect of the exchange bias, the value of which is dependent on the bismuth interlayer thickness.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Microstructure tuning and magnetism switching of ferroelectric barium titanate

Single-crystal and polycrystal BaTiO{sub 3} (BTO) materials synthesized by the physical and chemical methods, respectively, have been studied based on microstructural characterizations and magnetic measurements. The results of X-ray diffraction and Raman scatting spectra show that a single crystal tetragonal to polycrystalline pseudo-cubic structure transformation occurs in BTO ferroelectrics, dependent of growth conditions and interface effects. High-resolution transmission electron microscope data indicate that the as-prepared BTO/SrTiO{sub 3} (001) and BTO/SrRuO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} (001) heterostructures are highly c-axis oriented with atomic sharp interfaces. Lattice defects (i.e., edge-type misfit dislocations and stacking faults) in the heterostructures could be identified clearly and showed tunable with the variations of interface strain. Furthermore, the effects of vacancy defects on magnetic properties of BTO are discussed, which shows a diamagnetism–ferromagnetism switching as intrinsic vacancies increase. This work opens up a possible avenue to prepare magnetic BTO ferroelectrics. - Highlights: • Structure of BTO is tunable, depending on growth conditions and interface strain. • STEM–EDX data indicate the presence of lattice defects in BTO ferroelectrics. • BTO magnetism could be controlled by defects showing dia-ferromagnetism switching. • BTO with more vacancies shows RTFM, as evidence of vacancy magnetism effects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Magnetic structure of CaSrFeCoO6–δ: Correlations with structural order

Highlights: • Neutron diffraction shows that CaSrFeCoO{sub 6–δ} has G-type antiferromagnetic order at 10 K. • Magnetic moments are along the shortest axis at 10 K, contrary to the Ca{sub 2}-analogue, Ca{sub 2}FeCoO{sub 6–δ}. • CaSrFeCoO{sub 6–δ} retains the same orientation of moments up to 300 K, contrary to Ca{sub 2}FeCoO{sub 6–δ}. • CaSrFeCoO{sub 6–δ} has the optimum composition for G-type order and retention of the moment orientation. - Abstract: With the aid of neutron diffraction, the magnetic structure of CaSrFeCoO{sub 6–δ} is determined at 10 K and 300 K. The vacancies, created due to oxygen-deficiency, are ordered in this material. In addition to structural order, neutron diffraction shows a long-range G-type antiferromagnetic order, where each magnetic moment is aligned antiparallel to all nearest neighbors. The orientation of moments is along the shortest unit cell axis at 10 K. The magnetic structure and orientation of moments remain unchanged up to room temperature. This is in contrast to the Ca{sub 2}-analogue, Ca{sub 2}FeCoO{sub 6–δ}, where the magnetic moments at 10 K are parallel to the longest axis and change their orientation when temperature is raised to room temperature. These differences highlight the ability to control the magnetic properties by tuning the structural parameters. Comparisons to similar materials show that CaSrFeCoO{sub 6–δ} has the optimum composition for G-type magnetic order and the retention of the moment orientation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

The effects of thickness, polarization, and strain on vibrational modes of 2D Fe 3 GeTe 2

In this study, we investigated the effects of thickness, light polarization, and strain on the Raman spectra of two-dimensional (2D) Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT) crystals synthesized via chemical vapor transport. The crystals are thoroughly characterized using a combination of microscopic, diffraction, and spectroscopic techniques. Particularly, a systematic angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy study reveals a clear polarization dependence of the Raman intensity in both parallel and crossed polarization directions, with the $A$$^{1}_{g}$ mode completely disappearing in the crossed polarization direction. The angle-dependent intensity of both the $A$$^{1}_{g}$ and $E$$^{2}_{2g}$ modes in parallel polarization and the intensity of the $E$$^{2}_{2g}$ mode in the crossed polarization remain constant at all angles. These findings align with predictions from Raman tensor analysis, providing compelling evidence for the unambiguous assignment of the $A$$^{1}_{g}$ and $E$$^{2}_{2g}$ modes to specific peaks observed in the Raman spectrum of FGT, resolving existing confusion in the literature regarding their assignment. Furthermore, we examine the effect of strain on the Raman spectrum of 2D FGT in-situ using a bending device. Our study, conducted on a monolayer to few-layer 2D FGT deposited onto polyethylene terephthalate and subjected to outward (inward), i.e., tensile (compressive) bending, demonstrates appreciable downshifting (upshifting) of the Raman peak position of both $A$$^{1}_{g}$ and $E$$^{2}_{2g}$ modes. Furthermore, these findings are particularly significant given that strain engineering represents an effective approach to modulate the magnetic properties of FGT and other 2D magnetic materials.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2026

Crystal Growth of Quaternary RE 2 EuSi 2 S 8 ( RE = Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) Using Flux-Assisted Boron Chalcogen Mixture (BCM) Method: Investigation of Magnetic and Luminescence Properties

A series of quaternary rare-earth containing thiosilicates with the general formula RE 2 EuSi 2 S 8 (RE = Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) has been synthesized via the flux-assisted boron chalcogen mixture (BCM) crystal growth method. High-quality single crystals were obtained, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The RE 2 EuSi 2 S 8 series crystallizes in the trigonal system, adopting the space group R-3c. Polycrystalline samples were employed for physical property measurements, including magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV–visible diffuse reflectance, and photoluminescent response. Magnetic data of RE 2 EuSi 2 S 8 ( RE = Ce, Nd, and Gd) were collected over the 2–300 K temperature range. The samples were paramagnetic behavior with negative Weiss constants (θ W = −11.05, −10.55, and −1.35 K respectively). Their thermal stability was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical band gaps, estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra, were determined to be 2.2(1) eV for Ce 2 EuSi 2 S 8 , 1.8(1) eV for Nd 2 EuSi 2 S 8 , and 1.7(1) eV for Gd 2 EuSi 2 S 8 respectively. Finally, photoluminescence measurements were collected on Ce 2 EuSi 2 S 8 and Tb 2 EuSi 2 S 8 single crystals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

X-ray spectroscopies studies of the 3d transition metal oxides and applications of photocatalysis

Some recent advances in synchrotron based x-ray spectroscopy enable materials scientists to emanate fingerprints on important materials properties, e.g., electronic, optical, structural, and magnetic properties, in real-time and under nearly real-world conditions. This characterization, then, in combination with optimized materials synthesis routes and tailored morphological properties could contribute greatly to the advances in solid-state electronics and renewable energy technologies. In connection to this, such perspective reflects the current materials research in the space of emerging energy technologies, namely photocatalysis, with a focus on transition metal oxides, mainly on the Fe 2 O 3 - and TiO 2 -based materials.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sub-tesla On-Chip Nanomagnetic Metamaterial Platform for Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

Magnetically controlled states in quantum materials are central to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. However, direct momentum-resolved visualization of these states via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has been hindered by the disruptive effect of magnetic fields on photoelectron trajectories. Here, we introduce an in situ method that is, in principle, capable of applying magnetic fields up to 1 T. This method uses substrates composed of nanomagnetic metamaterial arrays with alternating polarity. Such substrates can generate strong, homogeneous, and spatially confined fields applicable to samples with thicknesses up to the micron scale, enabling ARPES measurements under magnetic fields with minimal photoelectron trajectory distortion. Here, we demonstrate this minimal distortion with ARPES data taken on monolayer graphene. Our method paves the way for probing magnetic field-dependent electronic structures and studying field-tunable quantum phases with state-of-the-art energy-momentum resolutions.

Magnetic properties↗
DOE OSTI2016

Intrinsic magnetism of monolayer graphene oxide quantum dots

Monolayer graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) were obtained by oxidative cutting. The magnetic properties of GOQDs were studied. The results show that most of GOQDs are nonmagnetic, and only few of GOQDs are weakly paramagnetic. The ratio of magnetic GOQDs with the average diameter of 4.13, 3.3, and 1.67 nm is 1/14, 1/15, and 1/70, respectively. It is proposed that the edge states magnetism is suppressed by the edge defects and/or the magnetic correlation induced spins cancellation between magnetic fragments of the boundary, and hydroxyl groups on the basal plane are the major magnetic source of magnetic GOQDs.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural and electronic properties of Li-ion battery cathode material MoF{sub 3} from first-principles

The transition metal fluorides have been extensively investigated recently as the electrode materials with high working voltage and large capacity. The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of MoF{sub 3} are studied by the first-principles calculations within both the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U frameworks. Our results show that the antiferromagnetic configuration of MoF{sub 3} is more stable than the ferromagnetic one, which is consistent with experimental results. The analysis of the electronic density of states shows that MoF{sub 3} is a Mott–Hubbard insulator with a d–d type band gap, which is similar to the case of FeF{sub 3}. Moreover, small spin polarizations were found on the sites of fluorine ions, which accords with a fluorine-mediated superexchange mechanism for the Mo–Mo magnetic interaction. - Graphical abstract: Deformation charge density and spin-density for MoF{sub 3} in the AF configuration. - Highlights: • The ground state of MoF{sub 3} is shown to be antiferromagnetic, in consistent with experiments. • The electronic states show that MoF{sub 3} is a Mott–Hubbard insulator with a d–d type band gap. • A fluorine-mediated super-exchange mechanism for the Mo–Mo magnetic interaction is shown.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Critical Behavior and Size Dependence of Magnetic Entropy Changes on La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3} Manganite

In this work, nano and micro scales of La{sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3} ceramics are prepared by sol-gel and solid-state reaction methods. In order to investigate the dependency of the magnetic properties on the size variation of as-prepared samples, their magnetic entropy change (ΔS{sub M}) at different magnetic fields and temperatures are fitted by Lorentz universal function. The obtained results confirmed the size impression on magneto-caloric properties, in spite of proving significant influence on some parameters related to the refrigeration system.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

The modification of the structure of multilayer Co/Pt films by the irradiation with a focused helium ion beam

We report here on the possibility of a local modification of Co/Pt multilayered magnetic films by focused ion beam irradiation. The changes of structural and magnetic properties are experimentally investigated as a function of irradiation fluence. The method is used to form lateral structures with the periods up to 100 nm. The magnetic force microscopy accompanied by Hall effect measurements of the structure indicate the formation of magnetic skyrmion lattices in the absence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Preparation and Characterization of Mn Doped ZnO Nanorods

Mn doped ZnO nanorods were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The micro-structural and structural properties of the nanorods were calculated from the X-ray diffraction technique. The formed nanorods was seen in the scanning electron microscopy. The purity of the sample was confirmed by the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence. In the photoluminescence spectrum, the peaks due to recombination of free electrons, oxygen vacancy and intrinsic defects were observed. The magnetic properties were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and the paramagnetic nature of the material was confirmed.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electric field controlled spin interference in a system with Rashba spin-orbit coupling

There have been intense research efforts over the last years focused on understanding the Rashba spin-orbit coupling effect from the perspective of possible spintronics applications. An important component of this line of research is aimed at control and manipulation of electron’s spin degrees of freedom in semiconductor quantum dot devices. A promising way to achieve this goal is to make use of the tunable Rashba effect that relies on the spin-orbit interaction in a two-dimensional electron system embedded in a host semiconducting material that lacks inversion-symmetry. This way, the Rashba spin-orbit coupling effect may potentially lead to fabrication of a new generation of spintronic devices where control of spin, thus magnetic properties, is achieved via an electric field and not a magnetic field. In this work we investigate theoretically the electron’s spin interference and accumulation process in a Rashba spin-orbit coupled system consisting of a pair of two-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots connected to each other via two conducting semi-circular channels. The strength of the confinement energy on the quantum dots is tuned by gate potentials that allow “leakage” of electrons from one dot to another. While going through the conducting channels, the electrons are spin-orbit coupled to a microscopically generated electric field applied perpendicular to the two-dimensional system. We show that interference of spin wave functions of electrons travelling through the two channels gives rise to interference/conductance patterns that lead to the observation of the geometric Berry’s phase. Achieving a predictable and measurable observation of Berry’s phase allows one to control the spin dynamics of the electrons. It is demonstrated that this system allows use of a microscopically generated electric field to control Berry’s phase, thus, enables one to tune the spin-dependent interference pattern and spintronic properties with no need for injection of spin-polarized electrons.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Influence of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on the magnetic and thermal properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnets within unified molecular field theory

Here, the influence of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy –DS 2 z on the magnetic and thermal properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnets (AFMs) is investigated. The uniaxial anisotropy is treated exactly and the Heisenberg interactions are treated within unified molecular field theory (MFT), where thermodynamic variables are expressed in terms of directly measurable parameters. The properties of collinear AFMs with ordering along the z axis (D>0) in applied field H z = 0 are calculated versus D and temperature T, including the ordered moment μ, the Néel temperature T N , the magnetic entropy, internal energy, heat capacity, and the anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities χ ∥ and χ ⊥ in the paramagnetic (PM) and AFM states. The high-field average magnetization per spin μ z (H z ,D,T) is found, and the critical field H c (D,T) is derived at which the second-order AFM to PM phase transition occurs. The magnetic properties of the spin-flop (SF) phase are calculated, including the zero-field properties T N (D) and μ(D,T). The high-field μ z (H z ,D,T) is determined, together with the associated spin-flop field H SF (D,T) at which a second-order SF to PM phase transition occurs. The free energies of the AFM, SF, and PM phases are derived from which H z –T phase diagrams are constructed. For f J =–1 and –0.75, where f J = θ pJ /T NJ and θ pJ and T NJ are the Weiss temperature in the Curie-Weiss law and the Néel temperature due to exchange interactions alone, respectively, phase diagrams in the H z –T plane similar to previous results are obtained. However, for f J = 0 we find a topologically different phase diagram where a spin-flop bubble with PM and AFM boundaries occurs at finite H z and T. Also calculated are properties arising from a perpendicular magnetic field, including the perpendicular susceptibility χ ⊥ (D,T), the associated effective torque at low fields arising from the –DS 2 z term in the Hamiltonian, the high-field perpendicular magnetization μ ⊥ , and the perpendicular critical field H c⊥ at which the second-order AFM to PM phase transition occurs. In addition to the above results for D > 0, the T N (D) and ordered moment μ(T,D) for collinear AFM ordering along the x axis with D < 0 are determined. In order to compare the properties of the above spin systems with those of noninteracting systems with –DS 2 z uniaxial anisotropy with either sign of D, Supplemental Material is provided in which results for the thermal and magnetic properties of such noninteracting spin systems are given.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗