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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1984

Relative radiometric calibration of LANDSAT TM reflective bands

Raw thematic mapper (TM) calibration data from pre-launch tests and in-orbit acquisitions from LANDSAT 4 and 5 satellites are analyzed to assess the radiometric characteristics of the TM sensor. A software program called TM radiometric and algorithmic performance program (TRAPP) was used for the majority of analyses. Radiometric uncertainty in the final TM image originates from: (1) scene variability (solar irradiance and atmospheric scattering); (2) optical and electrical variability of the sensor; and (3) variability introduced during image processing.

Barker, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Planetary Data Workshop, Part 2

Technical aspects of the Planetary Data System (PDS) are addressed. Methods and tools for maintaining and accessing large, complex sets of data are discussed. The specific software and applications needed for processing imaging and non-imaging science data are reviewed. The need for specific software that provides users with information on the location and geometry of scientific observations is discussed. Computer networks and user interface to the PDS are covered along with Computer hardware available to this data system.

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NASA NTRS1982

Advances in information extraction techniques

Sundry recent developments are presented which show some potential for affecting the automatic extraction of information from remotely sensed data. Pattern representations more abstract than Euclidean vector spaces offer some hope of unifying structural and decision theoretical approaches. The estimation of expected classification error rates is becoming more sophisticated and rigorous, but useful finite-sample results for nonparametric distributions appear unobtainable. Focus on computational complexity allows comparison of algorithms, while software engineering techniques reduce the effort necessary to develop and maintain complex image processing systems. Advances in computer systems architecture, commercial database technology, and man-machine communications should be closely monitored by the remote sensing community. A NASA-sponsored recommendation for research directions in mathematical pattern recognition are offered.

Nagy, G.↗
NASA NTRS1983

The information content of synthetic aperture radar images of terrain

A statistical model is developed that portrays an imaging radar as a noisy communication channel with multiplicative noise, and the model is used to evaluate the average amount of information that can be extracted about a target from its radar image. The average information content is also used to define a measure of radiometric resolution for radar images. It is shown that the information content and the resolution capabilities of an imaging radar reach a limit beyond which an increase in scene dynamic range does not improve the information content or the resolution. This limitation results from the multiplicative nature of the noise introduced in the imaging process.

Frost, V. S.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Objective assessment of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data for land cover mapping

The validity of using data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the satellites NOAA-6 and NOAA-7 for land cover mapping is assessed by making comparisons with much higher resolution LANDSAT multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data. Near synchronous data for both systems are analysed for test sites in the Imperial Valley, California, the Nile Delta, and southern Italy. The results strongly indicate that despite the very coarse resolution of the AVHRR data compared with conventional MSS data they are sufficiently strongly correlated to suggest that the former have significant potential for land cover mapping, especially at small scales and for large areas. Hence the outstanding benefits of AVHRR data, namely their high temporal frequency, relative cheapness and low data volumes for image processing, may readily be taken advantage of for such tasks.

Townshend, J. R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Remote sensing techniques used in hydrocarbon exploration - A state-of-the-art review

Lintz (1972) has defined remote sensing for petroleum exploration as the detection from a distance of variations of the earth's surface or properties. Possibilities foreseen by Lintz could be realized with the Lander satellite. When used in 'phase-one' exploration programs, Landsat data have been effective in 'zeroing-in' on potential hydrocarbon traps, and later, when supplemented by more conventional exploration procedures, have led to the discovery of these resources. The present investigation is concerned with an overview of the methods utilized in 'phase-one' hydrocarbon exploration programs. The considered methods are to serve as an initial tool to aid the more conventional exploration procedures. Attention is given to visual interpretations, digital image processing, lineament analysis, surface anomalies, and geomorphology and topography.

Gonzales, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Topography of the shield volcano, Olympus Mons on Mars

Olympus Mons, one of the largest known shield volcanoes in the solar system, covers an area of more than 3.2 x 10 to the 5th sq km and has a diameter of more than 600 km, excluding its vast aureole deposits. The structure is five times larger than the largest shield volcano on the earth. It is situated on the north-west flank of the Tharsis volcanic region, a broad topographic rise on the Martian surface. The volcano has three physical subdivisions: the summit caldera, the terraced upper flanks, and the lower flanks, which terminate in a scarp 2-10 km high that nearly surrounds the structure. A large block of images of the Tharsis region, including Olympus Mons, was obtained by the Viking mission. A topographic map of Olympus Mons is presented here, which has been compiled using various combinations of stereo pairs of these images, together with stereoscopic perspective views generated by image processing techniques.

Wu, S. S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Coma morphology and dust-emission pattern of periodic Comet Halley. II - Nucleus spin vector and modeling of major dust features in 1910

The continuous ejection of dust from discrete emission sources on the rotating nucleus of the Comet Halley is modelled in order to explain the evolution of spiral jets which unwind from the nucleus condensation into envelopes or halos in the comet head. The model is applied to digitally processed images of three features of the comet taken from Mount Wilson plates during the 1910 fly-by. The model permits a determination of the motion and spin vector for each emission source, its cometocentric coordinates, and a function relating particle ejection velocity to the solar radiation pressure exerted on the ejecta. It is found that the obliquity of the comet orbit's plane to its equatorial plane is 45 deg, the axis of rotation period of 17.3 days. The derived function of particle ejection velocity to the solar radiation pressure implied no contribution from grains larger than 10 microns in radius. High dust loading of gas flows from the June 1910 emission sources is indicated. It is estimated that because of the favorable approach geometry of the Gioto spacecraft during its 1986 flyby, the likelihood of encountering dense jets of dust is small.

Sekanina, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Picture-Element Comparator

Proposed circuit, called "neighborhood comparison operator," compares data from neighboring picture elements (pixels) to find peaks, ridges, and valleys in picture data. Circuit also able to expand or shrink pixel regions. Circuit concept developed for image-processing computers. Circuit handles data stream of 12-bit pixels rather than conventional 8 or 16 bits. Consist entirely of standard logic chips.

Gennery, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Programable Pipelined-Image Processor

Computer serves as pipelined processor for imagery or other two-dimensional digital data. Processor does feature extraction, smoothing, edge detection, texture measurement, and stereoscoptic area correlation. Also plans routes for obstacle avoidance by robots and solves two-dimensional partial differential equations. Image processor consists of modular units: each includes set of computing elements of types particularly useful in pipelined-image processing. Flexible interconnection scheme used to route data to subsequent stages of pipeline.

Gennery, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1984

LANDSAT data and interactive computer mapping

The integration of image processing capabilities with interactive computer mapping systems is discussed. It is noted that the accomplishment of this integration will result in powerful geographic information systems which will enhance the applicatons of LANDSAT and other types of remotely sensed data in solving problems in the resource planning and management domain.

Grady, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

The 1984 ASEE-NASA summer faculty fellowship program (aeronautics and research)

The 1984 NASA-ASEE Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) is reported. The report includes: (1) a list of participants; (2) abstracts of research projects; (3) seminar schedule; (4) evaluation questionnaire; and (5) agenda of visitation by faculty programs committee. Topics discussed include: effects of multiple scattering on laser beam propagation; information management; computer techniques; guidelines for writing user documentation; 30 graphics software; high energy electron and antiproton cosmic rays; high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrum; average monthly annual zonal and global albedos; laser backscattering from ocean surface; image processing systems; geomorphological mapping; low redshift quasars; application of artificial intelligence to command management systems.

Dah-Nien, F.↗
NASA NTRS1984

LANDSAT instruments characterization

Work performed for the LANDSAT instrument characterization task in the areas of absolute radiometry, coherent noise analysis, and between-date smoothing is reported. Absolute radiometric calibration for LANDSAT-5 TM under ambient conditions was performed. The TM Radiometric Algorithms and Performance Program (TRAPP) was modified to create optional midscan data files and to match the TM Image Processing System (TIPS) algorithm for pulse determination. Several data reduction programs were developed, including a linear regression and its plotted result. A fast Fourier transformation study was conducted on the resequenced TM data. Subscenes of homogeneous water within scenes over Pensacola, Florida were used for testing the FFT on the resequenced data. Finally, a gain and pulse height stability study of LANDSAT 5 TM spectral bands was performed.

Lee, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Characterizing the scientific potential of satellite sensors

Eleven thematic mapper (TM) radiometric calibration programs were tested and evaluated in support of the task to characterize the potential of LANDSAT TM digital imagery for scientific investigations in the Earth sciences and terrestrial physics. Three software errors related to integer overflow, divide by zero, and nonexist file group were found and solved. Raw, calibrated, and corrected image groups that were created and stored on the Barker2 disk are enumerated. Black and white pixel print files were created for various subscenes of a San Francisco scene (ID 40392-18152). The development of linear regression software is discussed. The output of the software and its function are described. Future work in TM radiometric calibration, image processing, and software development is outlined.

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NASA NTRS1984

Data user's manual

The standard SIR-B data products will consist of both optical and digital output. The format of the unprocessed echo data, optically processed image data, and digital image data is described.

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NASA NTRS1985

Astometry at La Silla

Astronomy of comets and minor planets is done regularly at ESO, La Silla, Chile. Plates are obtained with the 1 m Schmidt telescope and the 40 cm GPO, and CCD frames with the Danish 1.5 m telescope. Reductions are carried out by microdensitometer scanning and image processing at ESO, Garching, FRG. P/Halley will be observed intensively during the interval from perihelion passage on 9 February 1986 until the middle of March 1986. Almost real-time, accurate positions will be made in support of the spacecraft missions.

West, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Free-surface phenomena under low- and zero-gravity conditions

A free surface experiment using a liquid doped with a fluorescent dye under sheet illumination is summarized. The work includes the selection of a CCD camera for use during the design stages of the experiment as well as a preliminary demonstration of this technique in the production of a contour map of a liquid-liquid interface with better than 0.1 mm resolution. With a different data sampling and storage procedure, the image processing is reduced to a simple thresholding procedure which can be done in hardware.

Hesselink, L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Methods for design and evaluation of integrated hardware-software systems for concurrent computation

Research activities and publications are briefly summarized. The major tasks reviewed are: (1) VAX implementation of the PISCES parallel programming environment; (2) Apollo workstation network implementation of the PISCES environment; (3) FLEX implementation of the PISCES environment; (4) sparse matrix iterative solver in PSICES Fortran; (5) image processing application of PISCES; and (6) a formal model of concurrent computation being developed.

Pratt, T. W.↗