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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Determination of preferential binder oxidation in HTGR matrix material subjected to high temperature steam

Graphitic matrix material encapsulates tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles and is a structural component for both pebble and cylindrical fuel compacts in high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) designs. In an off-normal event involving steam exposure, the matrix material is exposed to oxidants, leading to degradation of the fuel compact and subsequent exposure of the TRISO particle fuel to oxidizing species. This study presents microstructural characterization of matrix material after exposure to high temperature (1200°C), 48 kPa steam in which the evolved microstructure demonstrated nonuniform degradation. Subsequent Raman spectroscopy determined the nature of the remaining material post-exposure. Finally, the electron microscopy characterization suggests and Raman spectroscopic analysis confirms, under off-normal conditions, the carbonized phenolic resin binder is preferentially oxidized ahead of the graphite flake filler and is responsible for the nonuniform degradation and enhanced depth of attack.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impact of electrode porosity architecture on electrochemical performances of 1 mm-thick LiFePO4 binder-free Li-ion electrodes fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Thick electrodes with high active material loadings have been intensively studied over the last couple of decades in pursuit of achieving high energy density systems. To optimize and enhance the electrochemical performance of such electrodes, one has to control the pore morphology by, for example, varying the pore size and shape, and the level of porosity. In the present work, the fabrication of thick binder-free LiFePO4 (LFP) electrodes with two different pore sizes (12 and 20 mu m) and porosities (21 vol% and 44 vol%) using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and templating approach is reported. The well-controlled porous architecture inside the thick electrodes is realized by fine-tuning experimental parameters. The impact of porosity architecture on electrochemical performance is quantified and correlated with the 3D tortuosity values determined from both micro-computed tomography and electrochemical impedance-based experimental methods. Based on the micro-computed tomography data analysis, estimated tortuosity values along X, Y, and Z axes reveal an anisotropic effect perpendicularly to the SPS compression axis (Z-direction). This is particularly profoundly observed in the samples with larger pores (20 mu m). The correlation between morphological properties and the rate capability performance is established indicating that the capacity loss happens mainly due to the Li-ion diffusion limitations.

Cathode material↗
DOE OSTI2023

Peptides from human BNIP5 and PXT1 and non-native binders of pro-apoptotic BAK can directly activate or inhibit BAK-mediated membrane permeabilization

Apoptosis is important for development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to diseases, including cancer. As an apoptotic effector, BAK undergoes conformational changes that promote mitochondrial outer membrane disruption, leading to cell death. This is termed “activation” and can be induced by peptides from the human proteins BID, BIM, and PUMA. To identify additional peptides that can regulate BAK, we used computational protein design, yeast surface display screening, and structure-based energy scoring to identify 10 diverse new binders. We discovered peptides from the human proteins BNIP5 and PXT1 and three non-native peptides that activate BAK in liposome assays and induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Crystal structures and binding studies reveal a high degree of similarity among peptide activators and inhibitors, ruling out a simple function-determining property. Our results shed light on the vast peptide sequence space that can regulate BAK function and will guide the design of BAK-modulating tools and therapeutics.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Stable Supercapacity of Binder-Free TiO 2 (B) Epitaxial Electrodes for All-Solid-State Nanobatteries

Owing to its pseudocapacitive, unidimensional, rapid ion channels, TiO 2 (B) is a promising material for application to battery electrodes. In this study, we align these channels by epitaxially growing TiO 2 (B) films with the assistance of an isostructural VO 2 (B) template layer. In a liquid electrolyte, binder-free TiO 2 (B) epitaxial electrodes exhibit a supercapacity near the theoretical value of 335 mA h g –1 and an excellent charge–discharge reproducibility for ≥200 cycles, which outperform those of other TiO 2 (B) nanostructures. For the all-solid-state configuration employing the LiPON solid electrolyte, excellent stability persists. Our findings suggest excellent potential for miniaturizing all-solid-state nanobatteries in self-powered integrated circuits.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Porous reaction-bonded silicon nitride: Size effects for pressureless nitriding of binder jet additively manufactured silicon

The direct nitridation of binder jet additively manufactured silicon to produce porous reaction-bonded silicon nitride was explored to determine the maximum thickness of the sample that could be converted to >99% silicon nitride. The maximum thickness that could be nitrided was investigated by nitriding cubes of increasing physical size on the millimeter scale. Highly porous samples with high conversion ( > 99%) to silicon nitride were achieved in cubes with 35 mm edge length. It was shown that the silicon nitride phase content changes with increasing sample size.

Aguirre, Trevor [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000281469630)↗
DOE OSTI2021

MXene binder stabilizes pseudocapacitance of conducting polymers

Unlike conventional additives, the use of MXene as a binder improves the electrochemical performance of conducting polymers. The approach is extendable to a large family of poorly conducting organic materials for sustainable energy storage devices.

Boota, Muhammad↗
DOE OSTI2023

A coarse-grained simulation model for colloidal self-assembly via explicit mobile binders

Colloidal particles with mobile binding molecules constitute a powerful platform for probing the physics of self-assembly. Binding molecules are free to diffuse and rearrange on the surface, giving rise to spontaneous control over the number of droplet–droplet bonds, i.e., valence, as a function of the concentration of binders. This type of valence control has been realized experimentally by tuning the interaction strength between DNA-coated emulsion droplets. Optimizing for valence two yields droplet polymer chains, termed ‘colloidomers’, which have recently been used to probe the physics of folding. To understand the underlying self-assembly mechanisms, here we present a coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) model to study the self-assembly of this class of systems using explicit representations of mobile binding sites. Further, we explore how valence of assembled structures can be tuned through kinetic control in the strong binding limit. More specifically, we optimize experimental control parameters to obtain the highest yield of long linear colloidomer chains. Subsequently tuning the dynamics of binding and unbinding via a temperature-dependent model allows us to observe a heptamer chain collapse into all possible rigid structures, in good agreement with recent folding experiments. Our CGMD platform and dynamic bonding model (implemented as an open-source custom plugin to HOOMD-Blue) reveal the molecular features governing the binding patch size and valence control, and opens the study of pathways in colloidomer folding. This model can therefore guide programmable design in experiments.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Alumina-based filters made via binder jet 3D printing of alumina powder, colloidal silica infiltration, and sintering

Alumina-based, porous filter media was made via a binder jet 3D printing process consisting of an alumina powder printing step with subsequent heating, colloidal silica infiltration, drying, and sintering to consolidate particles yet retain a net open porous microstructure. The composites made were alumina-silica or alumina-mullite, where the silica sintering aid was used to densify and join the alumina particles. The resulting composite structures had open porosities in the 25–31 vol% range as measured by Archimedes density. Pressure drops were measured across the filter media at constant flow rates to compare disc shapes and complex, 3D printed filters based on the N95 design requirements. Complex, 3D-printed alumina composites were produced with acceptable pressure drops for N95 implementation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

python binder for libROM

pylibROM introduces python binder for libROM through pybind11. Through python interface, users who are familiar with python can take advantage of capabilities available in libROM that is fully parallelized C++ library for reduced order modeling. libROM itself is an open source code developed at LLNL. libROM is available at https://github.com/LLNL/libROM .

Choi, Youngsoo↗
DOE OSTI2023

Binder-free cold spray deposition of NdFeB permanent magnets

Cold spray deposition is employed to manufacture binder-free Nd 2 Fe 14 B permanent magnets. Millimeter thick deposits can be fabricated in seconds on substrates such as glass or copper. The Nd 2 Fe 14 B particles appear to partially embed in the substrate and interlock with one another, building up a dense layer that is consolidated by subsequent impacts. The impact and subsequent heating of the particles leads to formation of a magnetically soft phase that significantly reduces coercivity, X-ray diffraction identifies it as Fe. Furthermore, this can be mitigated by reducing gas velocity and temperature, leading to a partial retention of magnetic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Navigating the complexities of solvent and binder selection for solution processing of sulfide solid-state electrolytes

We introduce a paradigm of solvent and binder selection for solution-processing Li 6 PS 5 Cl solid-state electrolyte particles based on Hansen solubility parameters. Treatment of the Li 6 PS 5 Cl in selected solvents results in particle morphological change, but crystallographic structure remains intact. Although solution processing reduced the Li 6 PS 5 Cl ionic conductivity, it promotes interfacial stability by alleviating reduction of the solid electrolyte in contact with Li metal. In conclusion, these findings have the potential to enhance the stability, structural integrity, and performance of sulfide solid-state electrolytes in practical applications.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Binder Jet Tooling for Automotive Lighting Industry. CRADA Final Report

The goal of this collaborative project between Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) and Grote Industries, LLC was to develop additively manufactured tooling to produce lighting products in a production environment. The project explored the use of metal powder bed systems to rapidly manufacture moderately sized injection molding tools (less than 8” x 8” x 2”) for automotive lamps. The team designed the mold (male and female), manufactured the mold using the binder jet process, experimented with finishing processes, manufactured parts using the molds, and monitored the wear on the mold to predict life.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploration of Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing for Automotive Heat Sink Component Fabrication

ORNL (Contractor) and Magna Services of America Inc. (Participant) collaborated to determine the feasibility of binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) for the fabrication of copper components for automotive heat sink applications. This Phase 1 collaboration focused on printing copper heat sinks that rely on capillary effect to move fluids rather than mechanical pumps in electric vehicles to extend the battery range and life. Partial sintering of copper powders deposited via BJAM was hypothesized to aid capillary effect to improve the heat transfer. Further, BJAM offers the potential for scalability at a production level.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Water Atomized H13 Tool Steel Powders for Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing

ORNL (Contractor) and Ametek, Inc. (Participant) collaborated to determine the feasibility of adopting water atomized H13 tool steel powder for binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) for tooling applications. The capability to utilize water atomized powders can substantially reduce powder expenses for BJAM, enabling process competitiveness with casting whilst enabling new applications of high-temperature, net-shaped components.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Crosslinked polymer binders for electrochemical energy storage devices

An electrochemical storage device including a conductive material and an electrochemical storage device material held together by a covalently crosslinked binder matrix. A method of forming an electrode for an electrochemical storage device, the method including the steps of: mixing electrochemical storage device material, conductive material, linear polymer, and crosslinker with one or more solvents, the resultant mixture forming an electrode slurry, crosslinking the linear polymer with the crosslinker to thereby create a covalently crosslinked polymer network of the polymer and crosslinker, the crosslinked polymer network physically or chemically binding together the electrochemical storage device material and the conductive material.

Zhu, Yu↗