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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1983

Xe-129 - Xe-128 and Ar-40 - Ar-39 chronology of two Antarctic enstatite meteorites

Xe-129 - Xe-128 and Ar-40 - Ar-39 analyses has been performed on two Antarctic enstatite meteorites, the chondrite Y-691 and the aubrite (enstatite achondrite) ALH-78113. Both meteorites have complex Ar-40 - Ar-39 release patterns to which no unambiguous age assignment is possible. Both give apparently satisfactory Xe-129 - Xe-128 correlations corresponding to unusual ages. The I-Xe age of the chondrite Y-691 is 16 Ma after Bjurbole, not unusual for chondrites in general but 10 Ma later than previously known ages for enstatite chondrites. The I-Xe age of the aubrite ALH-78113 is 210 Ma after Bjurbole, the latest age (rather than a limit) so far observed by the I-Xe technique, but this age assignment must be considered tentative because of the possibility that it is significantly influenced by terrestrial I contamination.

Honda, M.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1984

In his third State of the Union address, President Reagan told NASA to develop a permanent manned space station in 10 years. The President also ordered the Department of Transportation to help private firms launch rockets, thus introducing the commercialization of space. There were five space shuttle and six expendable vehicle launches in 1984. Materials were selected from a number of published sources. The document records KSC events of interest to historians and other researchers. Arrangement is by month; items are by date of the published sources. Actual date of the event may be indicated in parenthesis, when the article itself does not make that information explicit.

Nail, K., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Chronology of surface units on the icy satellites of Saturn

Because the impact flux history in the Saturnian system has been similar in its general form to that for the inner solar system and Jupiter, it is possible to develop an absolute calibration model for the relative ages derived from the density of impact craters. This has been done by identifying the density at which the crater populations change characteristics from that during post-accretion heavy bombardment to a later population of low but continuous flux. The transition between these two populations occurred at a known time throughout the solar system, 3.9 by, and provides an absolute calibration point on which to construct a calibration curve. Results based on calibrating relative age data to this absolute flux model suggest that most surfaces are ancient, greater than 3.9 by (or within several 100 million years). Only Enceladus and Dione have had prolonged activity that has resulted in resurfacing. The activity on Enceladus was probably driven by tidal forces, whereas the mechanism for driving resurfacing on Dione has yet to be identified.

Boyce, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1986

Events at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) are presented in a monthly format for the year 1986. The Space Shuttle Missions 61-C and 51-L, Delta launchings, and Atlas/Centaur launchings are chronicled.

Nail, Ken, Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope geochemistry and chronology of cherts from the Onverwacht Group (3.5 AE), South Africa

An Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic analysis of Archean chert samples from the Onverwacht Group, South Africa is presented, showing the same characteristic Rb and Sr concentrations as Phanerozoic cherts, with a very large range of Rb-87/Sr-86 ratios. A good correlation line in the Rb-87 to Sr-87 evolution diagram, corresponding to an age of about 2119 My and an initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio of about 0.72246, is derived which may be interpreted as reflecting the age of rehomogenization of the Sr in the protolith and the recrystallization of these cherts due to circulating hydrothermal fluids during regional metamorphism about 1.4 AE after deposition of the Onverwacht Group. The Sm-Nd systematics reflect an ancient source age of about 3.5 AE.

Weis, D.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1987

This document presents the historical record of the Kennedy Space Center's place in the overall NASA progress. It also serves as a source for historians and other researchers. Arrangement is by day and month and individual articles are attributed to published sources. An index is added to this edition.

Nail, Ken, Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Chronology and pyroclastic stratigraphy of the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington

The eruption of Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 can be subdivided into six phases: the paroxysmal phase I, the early Plinian phase II, the early ash flow phase III, the climactic phase IV, the late ash flow phase V, and phase VI, the activity of which consisted of a low-energy ash plume. These phases are correlated with stratigraphic subunits of ash-fall tephra and pyroclastic flow deposits. Sustained vertical discharge of phase II produced evolved dacite with high S/Cl ratios. Ash flow activity of phase III is attributed to decreases in gas content, indicated by reduced S/Cl ratios and increased clast density of the less evolved gray pumice. Climactic events are attributed to vent clearing and exhaustion of the evolved dacite.

Criswell, C. William↗
NASA NTRS1987

Isotopic analysis of basaltic fragments from lunar breccia 14321 - Chronology and petrogenesis of pre-Imbrium mare volcanism

Internal (mineral) Rb-Sr isochrons were determined for six Apollo 14 mare basalts of lunar breccia 14321. The ages of these fragments, which represent the time of crystallization of the respective mafic lavas, range from about 4.05 to 4.24, and, possibly, to 4.33 Ga and are among the oldest dates reported for mare basalts. For three of the fragments, internal Sm-Nd isochron data were collected and initial Nd isotopic composition was determined. The results are discussed with reference to the original source of these different basaltic fragments.

Dasch, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Crater size-frequency distributions and a revised Martian relative chronology

A relative plotting technique is applied to Viking 1:2M photomosaics of 25,826 Martian craters of diameter greater than 8 km and age younger than that of the Martian surface. The size-frequency distribution curves are calculated and analyzed in detail, and the results are presented in extensive tables and maps. It is found that about 60 percent of the crater-containing lithologic units, including many small volcanoes and the ridged planes, were formed during the heavy-bombardment period (HBP), while 40 percent arose after the HBP. Wide region-to-region variation in the crater density is noted, and localized age estimates are provided.

Barlow, Nadine G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

High resolution chronology of late Cretaceous-early Tertiary events determined from 21,000 yr orbital-climatic cycles in marine sediments

A number of South Atlantic sites cored by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) recovered late Cretaceous and early Tertiary sediments with alternating light-dark, high-low carbonate content. The sedimentary oscillations were turned into time series by digitizing color photographs of core segments at a resolution of about 5 points/cm. Spectral analysis of these records indicates prominent periodicity at 25 to 35 cm in the Cretaceous intervals, and about 15 cm in the early Tertiary sediments. The absolute period of the cycles that is determined from paleomagnetic calibration at two sites is 20,000 to 25,000 yr, and almost certainly corresponds to the period of the earth's precessional cycle. These sequences therefore contain an internal chronometer to measure events across the K/T extinction boundary at this scale of resolution. The orbital metronome was used to address several related questions: the position of the K/T boundary within magnetic chron 29R, the fluxes of biogenic and detrital material to the deep sea immediately before and after the K/T event, the duration of the Sr anomaly, and the level of background climatic variability in the latest Cretaceous time. The carbonate/color cycles that were analyzed contain primary records of ocean carbonate productivity and chemistry, as evidenced by bioturbational mixing of adjacent beds and the weak lithification of the rhythmic sequences. It was concluded that sedimentary sequences that contain orbital cyclicity are capable of providing resolution of dramatic events in earth history with much greater precision than obtainable through radiometric methods. The data show no evidence for a gradual climatic deterioration prior to the K/T extinction event, and argue for a geologically rapid revolution at this horizon.

Herbert, Timothy D.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1988

A record of KSC events and a reference source for historians and other researchers is given. Arrangements is by day and month and individual articles are attributed to published sources. An index has been added to this edition.

Nail, Ken, Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation - Rungwe volcanic province, East Africa

The spatial and temporal development of along-axis segmentation in youthful continental rifts was investigated using the results of field, remote sensing, and K-Ar geochronology studies conducted in four (Rukwa, Songwe, Usangu, and Karonga) rift basins within the Rungwe volcanic province in East Africa. Results indicated that the Rukwa and Karonga border fault segments formed between 7.25 and 5 m.y. ago, the Usangu border fault segment developed between 3 and 2 m.y. ago, and subsidence along the Songwe border fault segment had occurred by 0.5 Ma. It is shown that individual basins developed diachronously, each following a similar sequence: (1) initial border fault development; (2) asymmetric basin subsidence/flank uplift and the development of monoclines opposite the border faults; and (3) continued subsidence and tilting along intrabasinal faults with flexural upwarping of the rift flanks, enhancing basinal asymmetries.

Ebinger, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Chronology and global distribution of fault and ridge systems on Mars

Paleotectonic maps are presented showing fault and ridge systems on Mars as they existed during successive geologic periods: the Noachian, Hesperian, and Amazonian Periods, and their eight epoch subdivisions. The paleotectonic maps for the western, eastern, and polar regions were compiled at 1:15,000,000 scale and photographically reduced. Results show that most major fault systems are associated wiht large volcanic centers in the western equatorial region of Mars and that, probably, both faulting and volcanism decreased with time but included a pulse of renewed activity during the Early Hesperian.

Scott, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Chronology of early Archaean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation

Precise Pb-207/Pb-206 single zircon evaporating ages are reported for low-grade felsic metavolcanic rocks within the Onverwacht and Fig Tree Groups of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa, as well as for granitoid plutons bordering the belt. Dacitic tuffs of the Hooggenoeg Formation in the upper part of the Onverwacht Group are shown to yield ages between 3445 + or - 3 and 3416 + or - 5 Ma and to contain older crustal components represented by a 3504 + or - 4 Ma old zircon xenocryst. Fig Tree dacitic tuffs and agglomerates have euhedral zircons between 3259 + or - 3 Ma in age which are interpreted to reflect the time of crystallization. The comagmatic relationships between greenstone felsic volcanic units and the surrounding plutonic suites are keynoted. The data adduced show that the Onverwacht and Fig Tree felsic units have distinctly different ages and thus do not constitute a single, tectonically repeated unit as proposed by others. It is argued that conventional multigrain zircon dating may not accurately identify the time of felsic volcanic activity in ancient greenstones, and that the BGB in the Kaapval craton of southern Africa and greenstones in the Pilbara Block of Western Australia may have been part of a larger crustal unit in early Archaean times.

Kruener, Alfred↗
NASA NTRS1991

Chondrite chronology by initial Sr-87/Sr-86 in phosphates?

New data are presented on Rb-Sr isotope analyses of phosphates from nine ordinary chondrites, including accurate identification of initial Sr-87/Sr-86. The initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios found in this study were generally significantly higher than the more primitive initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios inferred for carbonaceous chondrite refractory inclusions, basaltic achondrites, or bulk ordinary chondrites. Such elevation of initial Sr-87/Sr-86 is generally considered to reflect isotopic redistribution during metamorphism. However, in this study, no evident correlation was found between the phosphate initial Sr-87/Sr-86 compositions and the metamorphic grade. Two possible alternative hypotheses for high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios are considered.

Podosek, Frank A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Chronological evaluation of urban growth and area expansion in Aguascalientes, Mexico using remotely sensed and ancillary mapped data

The study describes some efforts to assist the mapping procedure of Mexican towns and cities by focusing on the analysis of urban changes that have occurred in the city of Aguascalientes. To evaluate urban growth trends in Aguascalientes, historic maps of land cover, aerial photography, and SPOT data were reviewed between the period of 1857 and 1988 to determine urban boundaries. Additional analyses focused on identifying the extent and pattern of growth in reference to urban development plans initiated in 1978, and on assessing the impact of relocating people and industry after the Mexico City earthquake. Results from the study indicate a steady growth in areal expansion and population in the Aguascalientes area between 1978 and 1988.

Falquier, Leticia G.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd chronology of an Apollo 17 KREEP basalt

The paper determines Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr mineral isochrons for an Apollo 17 KREEP (pigeonite) basalt clast from breccia 72275 collected from Boulder 1, Station 2 in the Valley of Taurus-Littrow. Sm-Nd analyses of the basalt yield a precise mineral isochron age of 4.08 +/-0.07 Ga for lambda(Sm-147) = 0.00654/Ga. The concordancy of Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr ages for the basalt suggests that it crystallized about 4.08 Ga ago. Distinct ages and initial Sr isotopic ratios for Apollo 17 KREEP basalts and Apollo 14 and 15 KREEP suggest that these two types of KREEP basalts were not derived from the same source. Apollo 17 KREEP basalts are contemporaneous with some Apollo 14 aluminous mare basalts. The ages and Sr and Nd isotopic data suggest that these two different types of basalts were produced from sources having similar Rb/Sr ratios but different Sm/Nd ratios.

Shih, C.-Y.↗