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Results for “DRIFT RATE”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Drift and dispersion studies of ocean-dumped waste using Landsat imagery and current drogues

The drift and dispersion of industrial acid wastes dumped 64 km off the Delaware coast were investigated using 16 Landsat images. Waste plume drift velocities and spread rates were obtained, and principal component analysis was performed to discriminate the acid waste from other pollutants. Waste plumes averaged drifting rates from 0.59 km/hr to 3.39 km/hr into the southwest quadrant, and remained above the thermocline, which formed at depths ranging from 13 m to 24 m. Rapid waste movement toward shore occurred primarily during storms, although plumes were rapidly dispersed and diluted at spread rates in excess of 4 cm/sec. Landsat data analysis also indicates plume width increase of about 1.5 cm/sec during calm sea conditions, which is also in agreement with Falk's (1974) estimates of plume dilution.

Klemas, V.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Stable 1.25-W CW Methanol Laser

Far-infrared (FIR) laser operating at 119-micrometer-wavelength transition of methanol achieves very low drift in frequency. Continuous-wave (CW) FIR output is 1.25 W when laser pumped by 125-W commercial CO2 laser. Rate of drift of output frequency less than plus or minus 100 kHz per hour because laser designed to have low thermal-expansion coefficients and because temperatures of input and output couplers held within 0.1 degree C of fixed values.

Farhoomand, Jam↗
DOE OSTI2024

Modeling a divertor with mid-leg pumping for high-power H-mode scenarios in DIII-D considering E x B drift flows

Edge-plasma simulations of a baffled, long-legged divertor in DIII-D, performed using the multi-fluid code UEDGE, indicate that the position of the detachment front is constrained to the location of the pump duct along the low-field side (LFS) baffle. Simulations including magnetic and E x B drifts were performed for 12.5 MW deuterium plasmas including intrinsic carbon and seeded neon to assess the optimal location of the LFS divertor pump to create a stable detachment front between the target and the X-point. The radiation front position in the simulations, taken to be indicative of the detachment front, can be controlled between the pump and X-point in the favorable magnetic field direction for H-mode access by moving the pump duct location upstream of the target along the LFS baffle. In the unfavorable magnetic field direction, the radial E θ x B drift flows are directed towards the pumping surface, efficiently removing the injected deuterium gas and limiting the sensitivity of the radiation front location to the gas injection rate. The role of pumping rate and drift direction on the pumping efficiency are also found to affect the divertor plasma conditions and detachment front location in UEDGE simulations.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
NASA NTRS1988

An assessment of the long-term drift in TOMS total ozone data, based on comparison with the Dobson network

Seven years of total ozone data derived from the TOMS instrument on Nimbus-7 are compared with results from 41 Dobson stations. In this study, a significant improvement in fit from previous studies is obtained using a model which assumes a change in the rate of drift between TOMS and Dobson around the middle of 1982. Results indicate that the TOMS measurements have drifted relative to the Dobson stations with a two-part linear trend of -0.25 + or - 0.17 percent per year during the period from launch to 6/30/82, and -0.51 + or - 0.21 percent per year during 7/1/82 - 10/31/85. The causes of this drift cannot be definitively separated between residual uncorrected drift in the TOMS instrument (a similar drift is apparent in the SBUV-Dobson comparisons), limited sensitivity of the TOMS to increases in tropospheric ozone, and the effect of local increases in pollution levels on individual Dobson stations.

Fleig, Albert J.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Gunn domain dynamics.

Carrier motion equation in Gunn diode in terms of average drift velocity and diffusion coefficient

DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT↗
NASA NTRS1974

L = 1.24 conjugate magnetic field line tracing experiments with barium shaped charges

Description of three experiments involving the injection of barium ions into magnetic flux tubes with the aid of high-explosive shaped charges with hollow conical liners of barium metal. In these experiments (called Alco, Bubia, and Loro, respectively) the explosive charges were detonated at altitudes above 500 km, producing jets of barium plasma with initial velocities ranging from 8 to 20 km/sec. The most interesting result of the experiments, which were carried out near L = 1.24 and were successful in tracing an entire field line some 7000 km to the conjugate ionosphere, was the observation that for Loro and probably Alco the direction and rate of drift of the two ends of the field line were identical, whereas those for Bubia differed significantly. In the case of the Bubia event significant differences in magnitude and direction at the conjugate points are noted, which lead to the conclusion that the field line could not have been equipotential during the interval of observation.

Wescott, E. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Precision timekeeping using a small passive hydrogen maser

The timekeeping ability of a prototype passive hydrogen maser which is a factor of 5 smaller in size, weight, and cost than any previously designed, was compared to UTC (NBS) based on 10 cesium frequency standards including a large primary standard, NBS-4. The frequency of the prototype was monitored as a function of source pressure, cavity temperature, microwave power, modulation width, and magnetic field. Based on these measurements, a frequency stability of better than 6 x 10 to the -15 power was expected, implying a timekeeping ability of order 0.5 ns/day. Measurements vs UTC(NBS) indicate a joint timekeeping a stability of order 1.2 ns/day. Simultaneous measurements made between NBS-4, UTC(6600), and the small passive me maser show peak to peak time variations of the small maser vs UTC(6600) was 10 ns for the full 32 days if the average rate and drift are considered. Frequency stability of the small prototype vs UTC (NBS) was to 1.1 x 10 to the -14th power for tau = 1 to 8 days.

Walls, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Experimental test of the variability of G using Viking lander ranging data

Results are presented from the analysis of solar-system astrometric data, notably the range data to the Viking landers on Mars. A least-squares fit of the parameters of the solar system model to these data limits a simple time variation in the effective Newtonian gravitational constant to (2 + or - 4) x 10 to the -12th/yr and a rate of drift of atomic clocks relative to the implicit clock of relativistic dynamics to (1 + or - 8) x 10 to the -12th/yr. The error limits quoted are the result of uncertainties in the masses of the asteroids.

Hellings, R. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Voyager engineering improvements for Uranus encounter

Engineering changes made on the Voyager spacecraft during their explorations of the outer solar system are discussed. A recovery from a scan actuator fault, achieved by ground testing, in flight capability enhancement and testing, conservation of actuator usage and a set of contingency plans to substitute roll motion of the spacecraft for motion of the scan platform in the AZ direction, is discussed. General engineering improvements made are addressed, including a scan platform anticreep patch modification, an improvement of dynamic performance during maneuvers, and adaptive control of the attitude control deadband. Changes made in the power management are described. Finally, engineering improvements made in order to enhance scientific findings at the Uranus encounter are reviewed in detail. The two most important were the increased gyro drift turn rate capability to accommodate image motion compensation for the close fly-by of Miranda and the reduction in spacecraft rates to accommodate increased imaging exposure times without incurring excessive image smear.

Marderness, H. P.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Demonstration test of burner liner strain measurements using resistance strain gages

A demonstration test of burner liner strain measurements using resistance strain gages as well as a feasibility test of an optical speckle technique for strain measurement are presented. The strain gage results are reported. Ten Kanthal A-1 wire strain gages were used for low cycle fatigue strain measurements to 950 K and .002 apparent strain on a JT12D burner can in a high pressure (10 atmospheres) burner test. The procedure for use of the strain gages involved extensive precalibration and postcalibration to correct for cooling rate dependence, drift, and temperature effects. Results were repeatable within + or - .0002 to .0006 strain, with best results during fast decels from 950 K. The results agreed with analytical prediction based on an axisymmetric burner model, and results indicated a non-uniform circumferential distribution of axial strain, suggesting temperature streaking.

Grant, H. P.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Understanding the rotation of coronal holes

In an earlier study we found that the rotation of coronal holes could be understood on the basis of a nearly current-free coronal field, with the holes representing open magnetic regions. In this paper we illustrate the model by focusing on the case of CH1, the rigidly rotating boot-shaped hole observed by Skylab. We show that the interaction between the polar fields and the flux associated with active regions produces distortions in the coronal field configuration and thus in the polar-hole boundaries; these distortions corotate with the perturbing nonaxisymmetric flux. In the case of CH1, positive-polarity field lines in the northern hemisphere 'collided' with like-polarity field lines fanning out from a decaying active region complex located just below the equator, producing a midlatitude corridor of open field lines rotating at the rate of the active region complex. Sheared coronal holes result when nonaxisymmetric flux is present at high latitudes, or equivalently, when the photospheric neutral line extends to high latitudes. We demonstrate how a small active region, rotating at the local photospheric rate, can drift through a rigidly rotating hole like CH1. Finally, we discuss the role of field-line reconnection in maintaining a quasi-potential coronal configuration.

Wang, Y.-M.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Strain Sensor Survey for Parachute Canopy Load Measurements

The parachute failures during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Low-Density Supersonic Decelerator project revealed many of the complications of using parachutes for atmospheric entry missions and prompted the need for a more in-depth understanding of parachutes. Validation data for point loads on parachute canopies would contribute greatly to this understanding; however, such data does not exist because of a lack in practical sensing technologies capable of measuring the canopy strain. Few commercially available sensing technologies exist that can measure the total strain range of the parachute broadcloth materials, and even fewer can be easily integrated into the canopy. Additionally, many of these options are not at a technology readiness level suitable for flight-testing. This survey presents and compares the latest sensing capabilities that have potential in instrumenting parachute canopies for atmospheric entry and highlights the challenges particular to this application. Each sensor is evaluated for its performance and suitability towards parachute canopy instrumentation. Specifically, sensors are evaluated on their capabilities in measuring maximum strain, strain rate, hysteresis, drift, adherence and integration options, durability, environmental conditions, and technology maturation. Additionally, future work that is needed to assess sensor technologies for this application is provided.

Daniel W. Budolak↗