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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Shuttle payload bay thermal environments: Summary and conclusion report for STS Flights 1-5

The thermal data for the payload bay of the first five shuttle flights is summarized and the engineering evaluation of that data is presented. After a general discussion on mission profiles and vehicle configurations, the thermal design and flight instrumentation systems of the payload bay are described. The thermal flight data sources and a categorization of the data are then presented. A thermal flight data summarization section provides temperature data for the five phases of a typical mission profile. These are: prelaunch, ascent, on-orbit, entry and postlanding. The thermal flight data characterization section encompasses this flight data for flight to flight variations, payload effects, temperature ranges, and other variations. Discussion of the thermal environment prediction models in use by industry and various NASA Centers, and the results predicted by these models, is followed by an evaluation of the correlation between the actual flight data and the results predicted by the models. Finally, the available thermal data are evaluated from the viewpoint of the user concerned with establishing the thermal environment in the payload bay. The data deficiencies are discussed and recommendations for their elimination are presented.

Fu, J. H.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Testing of High S Matrix Glasses to Expand DFHLW Glass Compositional Ranges (Rev.1)

Gaps in glass composition-property data for direct-feed high-level waste (DFHLW) have recently been identified. One such gap is the region of high sulfur solubility since previous, pretreated, high-level wastes contained very little sulfur. Filling this data gap will significantly broaden the range of process flowsheet options including minimal washing and will allow for optimized waste loading in DFHLW glasses. This report summarizes the data collected during the characterization of the DFHLW High S Glass Matrix (HS24). A glass matrix of 50 glass compositions was developed to evenly cover the DFHLW composition region for high sulfur glass. Matrix glasses were designed to expand the composition region outside the current component concentration and property limits so as to reduce uncertainties at the limits. The 50 matrix glasses were fabricated and tested for properties important to the success of DFHLW vitrification including: compositions, canister centerline cooling (CCC) crystallinity and isothermal crystallinity, density, viscosity, electrical conductivity (EC), product consistency test (PCT) response, toxicity, and sulfate solubility. Melter materials corrosion testing is reported elsewhere. These glasses were intentionally designed to have high SO 3 solubilities (0.7 to 2.2 SO 3 wt%) in compositional regions that had not been previously explored. Forty-eight glasses showed the measured SO 3 content retained >80% of the target SO 3 and the densities of all the glasses ranged from 2.49 g·cm -3 to 2.74 g·cm -3 . While the model predicted nepheline formation in 5 glasses, one of the tested 50 CCC glasses formed nepheline, and 35 glasses formed Cr-containing phases such as spinels and eskolaite. Only five glasses were amorphous after CCC treatment where 44 glasses with detectable crystals contained =10 wt% crystals and only one glass had > 10 wt% crystals. None of the glasses exceeded the allowable T 2% for spinel crystal formation at 950 ºC (i.e., no glasses had >2 wt% spinel at 950 ºC) during isothermal crystal fraction tests where 10 glasses showed no crystalline phases at or below 950 ºC. All the glasses (except one which failed being slightly lower than the target) satisfied the SO 3 constraint while 98 glasses did not meet the viscosity constraints and 4 failed the EC constraints. Six quenched (Q) and six CCC glasses failed the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Environmental Assessment (EA) glass PCT threshold and 3 Q and 4 CCC failed the PCT design constraint. One glass exceeded the WTP delisting limits for Cr via EPA Method 1311 (i.e., Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP). It should be emphasized that some of these glasses were specifically designed to approach or even exceed certain property constraints, as filling data gaps in these regions will provide the greatest benefit for future model development by improving accuracy and reducing uncertainties. These insights will ultimately support the development of more robust glass formulation strategies, enabling higher waste loading, reducing operational risks, and expanding the processing envelope.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS1981

Propagation data bases

Existing data bases accumulated as the result of experiments to gather propagation data on millimeter wave Earth-space links are described. The satellites used are described and results of the significant experiments conducted in the United States are summarized. The data bases consist primarily of cumulative attenuation statistics, though some depolarization measurements are included. Additional summaries of propagation data are cited.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

Sungrazing comets observed by the Solar Maximum Mission coronagraph

The 10 sun-grazing comets (all members of the Kreutz group) detected by the white-light coronagraph of the SMM satellite during its 6-year operational lifetime are described. Numerical data are summarized in tables, and images are provided. Consideration is given to the question of detectability, apparent motions and orbits, coma brightness variations, tail behavior, and occurrence rates. The data are shown to confirm the episodic nature of sun-grazing events, as suggested by Marsden (1967).

Macqueen, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A summary of observations performed and the preliminary findings in the Space Shuttle Polarization Experiment

The Space Shuttle Polarization experiment began in 1984. The first data was collected by the crew of STS-51A during October of that year. Since that time polarization data has been acquired from six additional flights. The objective of the experiment was to test the feasibility of concept and the utility of polarized imagery of solar radiation reflected from Earth as acquired from low earth orbit. While this objective has been met, the preliminary results have been well documented in the open literature, and two Space Shuttle payload bay experiments, based in part on these findings are in the design phase, the data acquired have not been used to their full potential. The users of these data have been limited in number even though the images are inexpensive to acquire and are readily available in the public domain. To broaden their use, this paper summarizes the data available, scene content of the images, procedures used to acquire the experimental data, the attributes and shortcomings of the data and a description of uses to which they appear applicable. A catalog of images is now in preparation that should facilitate the application of these data.

Whitehead, Victor S.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Compendium of NASA data base for the global tropospheric experiment's Pacific Exploratory Mission West-B (PEM West-B)

This compendium describes aircraft data that are available from NASA's Pacific Exploratory Mission West-B (PEM West-B). PEM West is a component of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry's (IGAC) East Asia/North Pacific Regional Study (APARE) project. Objectives of PEM West are to investigate the atmospheric chemistry of ozone over the northwest Pacific -- natural budgets and the impact of anthropogenic/continental sources; and to investigate sulfur chemistry -- continental and marine sulfur sources. The PEM West program encompassed two expeditions. PEM West-A was conducted in September 1991 during which the predominance of tropospheric air was from mid-Pacific (marine) regions, but (at times) was modified by Asian outflow. PEM West-B was conducted during February 1994, a period characterized by maximum Asian outflow. Results from PEM West-A and B are public domain. PEM West-A data are summarized in NASA TM 109177 (published February 1995). Flight experiments were based at Guam, Hong Kong, and Japan. This document provides a representation of NASA DC-8 aircraft data that are available from NASA Langley's Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The DAAC includes numerous other data such as meteorological and modeling products, results from surface studies, satellite observations, and sonde releases.

Gregory, Gerald L.↗
NASA NTRS2000

The SHADOZ Data Base: History, Archive Web Guide, and Sample Climatologies

SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde) is a project to augment and archive ozonesonde data from ten tropical and subtropical ozone stations. Started in 1998 by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and other US and international co-investigators, SHADOZ is an important tool for tropospheric ozone research in the equatorial region. The rationale for SHADOZ is to: (1) validate and improve remote sensing techniques (e.g., the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite) for estimating tropical ozone, (2) contribute to climatology and trend analyses of tropical ozone and (3) provide research topics to scientists and educate students, especially in participating countries. SHADOZ is envisioned as a data service to the global scientific community by providing a central public archive location via the internet: http://code9l6.gsfc.nasa.gov/Data_services/shadoz. While the SHADOZ website maintains a standard data format for the archive, it also informs the data users on the differing stations' preparation techniques and data treatment. The presentation navigates through the SHADOZ website to access each station's sounding data and summarize each station's characteristics. Since the start of the project in 1998, the SHADOZ archive has accumulated over 600 ozonesonde profiles and received over 30,000 outside data requests. Data also includes launches from various SHADOZ supported field campaigns, such as, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), Sounding of Ozone and Water in the Equatorial Region (SOWER) and Aerosols99 Atlantic Cruise. Using data from the archive, sample climatologies and profiles from selected stations and campaigns will be shown.

White, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Line structures in the X-ray spectra of Cygnus X-2 observed with Exosat

Cygnus X-2 was observed with Exosat at five phases of a single orbital cycle in September of 1983. The results of spectral fits of the LE + ME (Argon) data are summarized in terms of a superposition of thermal bremsstrahlung and blackbody components. During the first observation, a grating spectrum was obtained, and this is described in some detail. The GSPC data are used to investigate the presence of iron features and their behavior during dips.

Freeman, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1947

Evaluation of Gust and Draft Velocities from Flights of P-61C Airplanes within Thunderstorms July 22, 1946 to July 23, 1946 at Orlando, Florida

The results obtained from measurements of gust and draft velocities within thunderstorms for the period July 22, 1946 to July 23, 1946 at Orlando, Florida, are presented herein. These data are summarized in tables I and II, respectively, and are of the type presented in reference 1 for previous flights. Inspection of photo-observer records for the flights indicated that no data on ambient air temperature variations within thunderstorms were obtained.

Tolefson, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1946

Evaluation of Gust and Draft Velocities from Flights of P-61c Airplanes within Thunderstorms. II - July 9, 1946 to July 11, 1946 at Orlando, Florida: July 9, 1946 to July 11, 1946 at Orlando, Florida - II

The results obtained from an evaluation for gust and draft velocities of acceleration and airspeed-altitude records taken by NACA recording instruments installed in P-61c airplanes participating in thunderstorm flights 6, 7, and 8 of July 9, 1946, July 10, 1946, and July 11, 1946, respectively, are presented herein. These data are summarized in tables I and II. In accordance with a recent discussion with a member of the U.S. Weather Bureau staff, the tabulated results for the present flight include in addition to data of the type presented in reference 1, the initial heading of the airplane for each traverse, the pressure altitude at the start of each traverse in increments of 500 feet, and the gust gradient distance when it could be evaluated. The cloud entry and exit times for the present data were taken from motion-picture records of the pilot's instrument panels whenever such records were available while the length fo the traverses in seconds and feet was taken from the airspeed-altitude records. In many cases, however, poor agreement is indicated between the duration of the cloud traverses as obtained from the motion-picture records and from the airspeed-altitude records. This result is believed to be due to camera stoppages, inaccurate spring mechanisms of the clocks, and loss of motion-picture record in exposure or development. With reference to the evaluation of gust data, the nominal threshold was about 2 feet per second. In making gust counts to this threshold, some gusts below that threshold have been included due to limitations of the procedure used. Thus, it will be noted that in some instances gust counts are given in table I although now corresponding gust velocities are listed.

Tolefson, Harold B.↗
DOE OSTI2025

NGEE Arctic Phase 4 Plant Functional Type Framework for Pan-Arctic Vegetation

The NGEE-Arctic research team identified a common set of hierarchical plant functional types (PFTs) for pan-arctic vegetation that we will use across our research activities. Interdisciplinary work within a large team requires agreement regarding levels of functional organization so that knowledge, data, and technologies can be shared and combined effectively. The team has identified plant functional types as a crucial area where such interoperability is needed. PFTs are used to represent plant pools and fluxes within models, summarize observational data, and map vegetation across the landscape. Within each of these applications, varying levels of PFT specificity are needed according to the specific scientific research goal, computational limitations, and data availability. By agreeing on a specific hierarchical framework for grouping variables in our vegetation data, we ensure the resulting research products will be robust, flexible, and scalable. In this document, we lay out the agreed upon PFT framework with definitions and references to existing literature. Table 1 included in the "NGA700_Phase4PFTFramework_about*" file outlines the relationship between NGEE-Arctic Phase 4, Tier 1 PFTs and the PFTs used within prominent arctic literature as well as publications by the NGEE-Arctic team during phases 1-3.This dataset consists of a table detailing a hierarchical PFT framework that spans 4 tiers with the most granular PFTs listed in tier 1 and the most general PFTs in tier 4. The PFTs within each tier has a single column in the dataset where the PFTs are named and a separate column where the characteristics used to define that PFT are listed. Grey fill of the cells is used to indicate where a given PFT starts to “lose” tier 1 details as you look from left to right. Note the excel file has merged cells to indicate grouping of PFTs across the Tiers- it will not translate into a delimited filetype (.csv, .txt, etc) without modification thus the hierarchical PFT framework table is available in three different file formats: 1) NGA700_Phase4PTS.xlsx – maintains the merged cells and grey fill; 2) NGA700_Phase4PTS.csv – merged cells are split, and grey fill is removed; 3) NGA700_Phase4PTS.pdf – image of the table with merged cells and grey fill. Metadata document included as a *.pdf and file-level metadata and data dictionary as *.csv files.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1947

Evaluation of Gust and Draft Velocities from Flights of P-61C Airplanes within Thunderstorms August 17, 1946 to August 19, 1946 at Orlando, Florida

Results obtained from gust and draft velocity measurements within thunderstorms for the period August 17, 1946 to August 19, 1946 at Orlando, Florida are presented herein. These data are summarized in tables I and II and are of the type presented in reference 1 for previous flights. Inspection of photo-observer records taken on the present flights indicated that mo ambient-air temperature data were obtained.

Tolefson, H. B.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Design guide for space shuttle low-cost payloads

A handbook is presented which delineates the principles of the new low-cost design methodology for designers of unmanned payloads to be carried by the space shuttle. The basic relationships between payload designs and program cost effects are discussed, and some concepts for designing low-cost payloads and implementing low-cost programs are given. The data are summarized from a payloads effects study of three unmanned earth satellites (OAO, a syneq orbiter, and a small research satellite), and the earth satellite design is emphasized. Brief summaries of space shuttle and space tug performance, environmental, and interface data pertinent to low-cost payload concepts are included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1983

Operation of the Computer Software Management and Information Center (COSMIC)

The major operational areas of the COSMIC center are described. Quantitative data on the software submittals, program verification, and evaluation are presented. The dissemination activities are summarized. Customer services and marketing activities of the center for the calendar year are described. Those activities devoted to the maintenance and support of selected programs are described. A Customer Information system, the COSMIC Abstract Recording System Project, and the COSMIC Microfiche Project are summarized. Operational cost data are summarized.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Shake test of rotor test apparatus in the 40- by 80-foot wind tunnel

A shake test was conducted to determine the dynamic characteristics of a rotor test apparatus on strut systems. The rotor-off hub transfer function (acceleration per unit force as a function of frequency) was measured in the longitudinal and lateral directions, using a combination of broadband and discrete frequency excitation techniques. The dynamic data is summarized for the configurations tested, giving the following properties for each mode identified: the natural frequency, the hub response at resonance, and the fixed system damping. The complete transfer functions are presented, and the detailed test results are included as an appendix. Data analysis techniques developed to obtain on-line measurements of the system modal properties, including the damping coefficient and the damping ratio are discussed.

Johnson, W.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Analysis of Aerobee 17.012 data

The results are summarized of reduction and analysis of data acquired during the flight of NASA-Aerobee 17.012CG. This rocket was launched from White Sands Missile Range on 6 April 1974 at 0410 U.T. The primary instrument in the experiment payload was a singly focussing x-ray reflector system sensitive in the range from 0.18 to 3 keV. X-ray detectors for this system consisted of two gas flow proportional counters with fields of view defined by apertures of 0.1 deg and 0.3 deg at the reflector focus. A Bragg spectrometer utilizing KAP crystals was included in the payload with the objective of detecting the Lyman alpha line of 0 VIII at 18.97A in the Puppis supernova remanant. A 35 mm camera photographed the star field every 1.6 sec throughout the flight to provide aspect information.

Catura, R. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Comparison of Space Shuttle Hot Gas Manifold analysis to air flow data

This paper summarizes several recent analyses of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Hot Gas Manifold and compares predicted flow environments to air flow data. Codes used in these analyses include INS3D, PAGE, PHOENICS, and VAST. Both laminar (Re = 250, M = 0.30) and turbulent (Re = 1.9 million, M = 0.30) results are discussed, with the latter being compared to data for system losses, outer wall static pressures, and manifold exit Mach number profiles. Comparison of predicted results for the turbulent case to air flow data shows that the analysis using INS3D predicted system losses within 1 percent error, while the PHOENICS, PAGE, and VAST codes erred by 31, 35, and 47 percent, respectively. The INS3D, PHOENICS, and PAGE codes did a reasonable job of predicting outer wall static pressure, while the PHOENICS code predicted exit Mach number profiles with acceptable accuracy. INS3D was approximately an order of magnitude more efficient than the other codes in terms of code speed and memory requirements. In general, it is seen that complex internal flows in manifold-like geometries can be predicted with a limited degree of confidence, and further development is necessary to improve both efficiency and accuracy of codes if they are to be used as design tools for complex three-dimensional geometries.

Mcconnaughey, P. K.↗