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At least 163 records · Page 9

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DOE OSTI2025

Adsorption and Chromatographic Behavior of Dispersed Sodium Bismuthate Systems for the Separation of Americium from Curium

The selective partitioning of americium (Am) and curium (Cm) is integral for nuclear science areas such as the nuclear fuel cycle, stockpile stewardship, and isotope production but remains a long-standing radioanalytical challenge due to nearly identical chemical properties. Differences in redox chemistry can be exploited since Am can be oxidized to the hexavalent oxidation state. Sodium bismuthate (NaBiO 3 ) exhibits favorable oxidation and ion exchange characteristics conducive to a rapid and efficient Am/Cm chromatographic separation. Contact of nitric acid with NaBiO 3 was shown to significantly decrease the nitric acid concentration and solution volume. The adsorption, kinetic, and chromatographic behavior of Am and Cm in systems that disperse NaBiO3 in filter aids was evaluated. Further, dispersion of NaBiO 3 increased separation factors to over 100, with rapid kinetics achieved within 1 min of contact and sustained for at least 2 h. The adsorption capacity was more than doubled from 0.066 mequiv g –1 for solid NaBiO 3 alone to 0.149(6) and 0.156(9) meq g –1 when dispersed in Celite 545 and silica gel, respectively. Complete separation was achieved in all systems with ~100% recovery in the respective eluted fractions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2025

Dispersion Leverage Coronagraph: a nulling coronagraph for use on primary objective grating telescopes

Here, we present the Dispersion Leverage Coronagraph (DLC), a variation of the Achromatic Interfero Coronagraph (AIC) that is designed for optical systems featuring large, dispersive primary objective gratings. DLC was originally designed for the Diffractive Interfero Coronagraph Exoplanet Resolver (DICER), a notional 20 m class infrared space telescope utilizing the enhanced one-dimensional angular resolution of large diffraction gratings to discover and characterize near-Earth exoplanets. Here we develop the theoretical foundation for DLC, and apply it to DICER as an example use case. We derive important properties of the DLC system, including focal plane transmission maps, stellar leakage, residual optical path difference tolerance, and pointing error/jitter considerations. Ultimately, we found that DLC effectively nulls an on-axis target across the entire spectrum in the focal plane, allowing for 2D/λ diffraction-limited imaging. It requires asymmetrical fine-guidance tolerances on pointing error/jitter. We work through a benchmark DICER design, explaining the need for a second disperser to reduce background from Zodiacal light, and showing that it could plausibly find and characterize ∼4 nearby, habitable exoplanets around Sun-like stars in a 7-year mission; about 30% of the habitable exoplanets within 8 pc were found in our simulation. The DLC may be useful for any application requiring extremely high-resolution, close companion spectroscopy.

AIC↗

DOE OSTI2024

Nonlinear propagation of chirped laser pulses through a dispersive and turbulent atmosphere

The evolution of ultrashort laser pulses in dispersive, turbulent, nonlinear, and dissipative media is discussed in connection with nonlinear self-focusing collapse and the onset of laser filamentation. In quiescent air, a laser pulse propagating with a peak power greater than a critical power for self-focusing will undergo a catastrophic, transverse collapse until the intensity is large enough for photoionization. At this point, self-focusing is arrested and balanced by plasma refraction, forming a laser filament. By applying an appropriate chirp, the dispersive properties of the medium can be used to enhance this process and control its onset, and to counter dissipative effects such as molecular absorption and atmospheric scattering. This paper presents an analysis of the effect of atmospheric turbulence on the propagation of nonlinear pulses with dispersion compensation (chirp). Furthermore, the analytical results are compared with wave optics simulations and found to be in reasonable agreement as long as the pulse maintains a near-Gaussian spatiotemporal profile.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

DOE OSTI2026

Dispersion Suppression for Wedge-Based Final Cooling at a 10 TeV Muon Collider

Achieving a luminosity of $\gtrsim 10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ in a $10 \text{ } TeV$ Muon Collider, given the short lifetime of a muon, requires reducing the 6D emittance of the muon beam through a process known as ionization cooling. In the final stage of this cooling process, the transverse emittance must be reduced to $22 \text{ } μm$, typically by allowing longitudinal emittance growth up to downstream acceptance limits. While the current International Muon Collider Collaboration designs involve $40 \text{ } T$ solenoids to reach the transverse emittance target, such high-field solenoids come with several challenges, including mechanical stress management, quench protection, and potential limitations in relying on High Temperature Superconductor technology. Designed as an alternative to using such solenoids while simultaneously reaching target transverse emittance, the previously proposed wedge-based, reverse emittance-exchange cooling scheme requires excellent dispersion suppression. In this study, we design and simulate a dispersion suppressor channel for the wedge-based final cooling design that reduces dispersion in the target direction to a target value of $D_x \sim 0.001 \text{ } m$.

Karaaslan, I. [Chicago U.] (ORCID:0000000337849879↗

NASA NTRS1971

Fog dispersal technology.

The state-of-the-art in fog dispersal technology is briefly discussed. Fog is categorized as supercooled fog, occurring in air temperatures below freezing, and warm fog, occurring at above-freezing temperatures. Operational techniques are available to disperse supercooled fog in the airport area. It is much more difficult to cope with warm fog. Various known concepts to disperse warm fog are evaluated as to their operational merits. The most effective concept for immediate use involves heating the air to cause fog evaporation. Use of helicopter downwash has some application, possibly complementing the promising concept of seeding with sized hygroscopic particles. These latter two concepts appear to have future application, pending further research. The concept using polyelectrolytes is of uncertain value, lacking both a scientific explanation and a substantive evaluation of reported operational successes.

Mcgowan, W. A.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Retrieval of dispersive and convective transport phenomena in fluids using stationary and nonstationary time domain analysis

Simultaneously occuring dispersive and convective components of fluid kinematics are obtained by a time domain analysis of optically retrieved temporal histories of the transport phenomena. Utilizing triangulation of collimated optical fields of view from two radiometers to obtain the temporal histories of the intensity fluctuations associated with the transport phenomena has enabled investigators to retrieve the local convective transport by employing correlation statistics. The location of the peak in the covariance curve determines the transit time from which the convection velocity is calculated; whereas, the change in shape of the peak in the covariance curve determines the change in average frequency of the wave packet from which the dispersion velocity is calculated. Thus, two-component analysis requires the maximum possible enhancement of the delineation for the transport. The convection velocity is the result of a fixed reference frame calculation whereas, the dispersion velocity is the result of a moving reference frame calcuation.

Stephens, J. B.↗

NASA NTRS1973

Dispersion and dilution of jet aircraft exhaust at high-altitude flight conditions

A method is presented for estimating the dispersion and dilution of jet aircraft exhaust from aircraft passage through times on the order of weeks thereafter. In the near wake of the aircraft, the solution is that for round turbulent jets in a parallel flow. More rapid dispersion due to atmospheric effects begins when the scale-dependent eddy viscosity becomes larger than the turbulent jet eddy viscosity. In the far wake region, the solution approaches that for scale-dependent dispersion from a point source moving with the aircraft. Calculations are presented for supersonic aircraft at high altitude flight conditions.

Holdeman, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Dispersion and dilution of jet aircraft exhaust at high-altitude flight conditions

Holdeman, J. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Studies of aircraft wake chemistry and dispersion

Use of aerospace technology to study aircraft wakes is reviewed. It is shown how aerospace vehicles can be used to provide data for increased understanding of the atmosphere and of aircraft exhaust trails where knowledge is inadequate to evaluate fully the potential impact of the engine emissions. Models of aircraft near-field exhaust wakes are characterized by jet, vortex, and dispersion regimes. Wake growth in the jet regime is self-determined and rapid, whereas further spreading is inhibited in the vortex regime because of circulating vortex motion. Wake diffusion in the dispersion regime is initially influenced by aircraft induced turbulence but is dominated later by small-scale atmospheric turbulence. Computed fluid mechanical results show the importance of effects such as wake buoyancy, wind shear, turbulence, and traffic corridor exhaust buildup on dispersion of the wake. In the jet regime the exhaust characteristics and thermochemistry serve to illustrate initial chemical changes involving potential pollutant species.

Poppoff, I. G.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Time dispersion of energetic solar particles, unexpected velocity and species dependence

The intensity-time behavior for protons and helium, as well as for carbon, oxygen and iron ions was measured following the 1974 September 19 solar flare for energies between 0.5 and approximately 5 MeV per nucleon. The profiles displayed a time dispersion which is inversely proportional to velocity for each individual species. In addition, at a given velocity the time dispersion also depended on the charge to mass ratio of the ion. Based on this latter dependence, it was concluded that while carbon and oxygen are essentially fully stripped, iron nuclei are not, having an effective charge Q = 10 + or - 5. The observed dispersion cannot be explained by purely rigidity dependent diffusive propagation.

Gallagher, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1975

Velocity dispersions in galaxies. IV - The nucleus of NGC 1068

A high-resolution spectrum of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, obtained with an integrating television system, is compared with the spectrum of a KO III star (delta Tau) to derive the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the stars in the galactic nucleus. An Fe I absorption line observed at 4059.7 A yields a velocity dispersion of 150 (plus or minus 50) km/sec. An upper limit for the nuclear mass is derived in terms of this velocity dispersion, an estimated nuclear radius of 136 pc, and a Hubble constant of 50 km/sec per Mpc. The results, 14 (+10, -8) by 10 to the 8th power solar masses, is shown to be consistent with a number of quasar models scaled down in luminosity to provide the energy source for a Seyfert nucleus. Strong H and K interstellar absorption lines superposed on the spectrum of NGC 1068 are analyzed.-

Richstone, D. O.↗

NASA NTRS1976

Time dispersion of energetic solar particles - Unexpected velocity and species dependence

The intensity-time behavior for protons and alpha-particles, as well as for carbon, oxygen, and iron ions, has been measured following the solar flare of September 19, 1974, for energies between 0.5 and about 5 MeV per nucleon. The profiles display a time dispersion which is inversely proportional to velocity for each individual species. In addition, at a given velocity the time dispersion also depends on the charge-to-mass ratio of the ion. Based on this latter dependence, it is concluded that while carbon and oxygen are essentially fully stripped, iron nuclei are not, having an effective charge of 10 plus or minus 5. The observed dispersion cannot be explained by purely rigidity-dependent diffusive propagation.

Ogallagher, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1976

An oxide dispersion strengthened Ni-W-Al alloy with superior high temperature strength

Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys based on the WAZ-20 nickel-base alloy were prepared by the mechanical alloying process described by Benjamin (1973), and evaluated. The results of microstructural examinations and mechanical property determinations are discussed. It is shown that WAZ-20, a high gamma-prime fraction alloy having a high gamma-prime solvus temperature, can be effectively dispersion strengthened. The strengths obtained were outstanding, especially at 1150 and 1205 C. The strength is attributed to a combination of highly alloyed matrix, elongated grain structure, and hard phase dispersion. Tensile ductility can be improved by post-recrystallization heat treatment. The new alloy shows some potential for low stress post-extrusion forming.

Glasgow, T. K.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Segregation of acid plume pixels from background water pixels, signatures of background water and dispersed acid plumes, and implications for calculation of iron concentration in dense plumes

Two files of data, obtained with a modular multiband scanner, for an acid waste dump into ocean water, were analyzed intensively. Signatures were derived for background water at different levels of effective sunlight intensity, and for different iron concentrations in the dispersed plume from the dump. The effect of increased sunlight intensity on the calculated iron concentration was found to be relatively important at low iron concentrations and relatively unimportant at high values of iron concentration in dispersed plumes. It was concluded that the basic equation for iron concentration is not applicable to dense plumes, particularly because lower values are indicated at the very core of the plume, than in the surrounding sheath, whereas radiances increase consistently from background water to dispersed plume to inner sheath to innermost core. It was likewise concluded that in the dense plume the iron concentration would probably best be measured by the higher wave length radiances, although the suitable relationship remains unknown.

Bahn, G. S.↗

NASA NTRS1978

General relationships between ultrasonic attenuation and dispersion

General relationships between the ultrasonic attenuation and dispersion are presented. The validity of these nonlocal relationships hinges only on the properties of causality and linearity, and does not depend upon details of the mechanism responsible for the attenuation and dispersion. Approximate, nearly local relationships are presented and are demonstrated to predict accurately the ultrasonic dispersion in solutions of hemoglobin from the results of attenuation measurements.

Odonnell, M.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Selected examples of dispersal of arthropods associated with agricultural crop and animal production

The economic importance of arthropods in agricultural production systems and the possibilities of using dispersal behavior to develop and manipulate control are examined. Examples of long and short distance dispersal of economic insect pests and beneficial species from cool season host reservoirs and overwintering sites are presented. Significant dispersal of these species often occurring during crop and animal production is discussed.

Henneberry, T. J.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Dispersion of sound in a combustion duct by fuel droplets and soot particles

Dispersion and attenuation of acoustic plane wave disturbances propagating in a ducted combustion system are studied. The dispersion and attenuation are caused by fuel droplet and soot emissions from a jet engine combustor. The attenuation and dispersion are due to heat transfer and mass transfer and viscous drag forces between the emissions and the ambient gas. Theoretical calculations show sound propagation at speeds below the isentropic speed of sound at low frequencies. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.

Miles, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS1980

STS-1 operational flight profile. Volume 5: Descent, cycle 3. Appendix C: Monte Carlo dispersion analysis

The results of three nonlinear the Monte Carlo dispersion analyses for the Space Transportation System 1 Flight (STS-1) Orbiter Descent Operational Flight Profile, Cycle 3 are presented. Fifty randomly selected simulation for the end of mission (EOM) descent, the abort once around (AOA) descent targeted line are steep target line, and the AOA descent targeted to the shallow target line are analyzed. These analyses compare the flight environment with system and operational constraints on the flight environment and in some cases use simplified system models as an aid in assessing the STS-1 descent flight profile. In addition, descent flight envelops are provided as a data base for use by system specialists to determine the flight readiness for STS-1. The results of these dispersion analyses supersede results of the dispersion analysis previously documented.

Source record↗