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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9

Adapte Agrivoltayik Pou Mini-Rezo Sole Ann Ayiti

Ak mwens pase 2% nan popilasyon riral la ki gen akse a elektrisite ak preske mwatye popilasyon an ap fe fas ak grangou egi, Ayiti fe fas a defi entekonekte nan povrete eneji ak ensekirite alimante. Yon solisyon pou ede abode povrete eneji ann Ayiti se devlopman mini-griy sole distribiye, sitou sole. Sepandan, souvan te ki pi byen adapte pou deplwaye jenerasyon sole se tou pi byen adapte pou agrikilti pa ti femye yo, kidonk kreye yon tansyon potansyelman konplike ant akse eneji ak sekirite manje. Pou adrese tansyon sa a, devlope sole yo, espesyalis agrikol yo ak cheche yo ap egzamine ansanm yon nouvo solisyon ki rele "agrivoltayik". Agrivoltaics se yon solisyon pataje te-itilize ki rapidman elaji nan mache sole etabli tankou Etazini, Ewop, ak Azi ki pe sole ak agrikilti, pwodwi elektrisite ak bay espas pou rekot ak bet patiraj anba ak ant panno. Nan kad Patenarya Akse Eneji pou Ayiti a ak Ajans Ameriken pou Devlopman Entenasyonal (USAID), Laboratwa Nasyonal Eneji Renouvlab (NREL) te fe yon premye analiz posibilite ak pwoje angajman pati konsene yo pou evalye potansyel agrivoltayik nan konteks mini-gri an Ayiti. Analiz la te konsidere mini-grid tipik 100-kW ak pi gwo 1-MW nan vil atrave Ayiti epi li te devlope de egzanp arketip agrivoltaik ki baze sou kontribisyon lokal kle yo, ki gen ladan irradians sole, done pwodiksyon ki soti nan resansman agrikol la, pri sou mache a, entevyou ak moun ki gen entere yo, ak ki egziste deja, rechech agrivoltayik. See NREL/TP-7A40-88444 for the English translation of this document.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Equitable Access to Community Solar: Program Design and Subscription Considerations

Over 2.7 GWac community solar has been installed in the U.S. as of 2020, and 44% (1.2 GWac ) were installed after 2018, which indicates a fast-growing segment of the solar market .Community solar refers to a system that allows customers to subscribe part of a solar PV system and receive credit on their electricity bills based on power production. Although the growth of community solar market makes accessing solar energy easier, low and moderate income (LMI) potential subscribers may still face challenges, such as no or low credit scores.To investigate the program designs and subscription considerations for LMI customers, we provide a summary of existing state-level low-income community solar policies, as well as estimated LMI capacity and subscribers in the U.S.

41 EE - Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S)↗

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS): An Open-Access Model for the North American Electricity System

The Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model is NREL’s flagship capacity expansion planning tool for the electric power sector in North America. Originally developed in 2001, ReEDS has been used primarily by NREL researchers to conduct high-profile analysis of the potential evolution of the electricity system. In September 2019, the core model is being released for public use. In this presentation, we provide an overview of the model architecture, key model features, data sources, lessons learned, and sample model results for the North American electric power system.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Minimum stabilizing energy release for mixing processes

Diffusive operations, which mix the populations of different elements of phase space, can irreversibly transform a given initial state into any of a spectrum of different states from which no further energy can be extracted through diffusive operations. We call these ground states. Here, the lower bound of accessible ground-state energies represents the maximal possible release of energy. This lower bound, sometimes called the diffusively accessible free energy, is of interest in theories of instabilities and wave-particle interactions. On the other hand, the upper bound of accessible ground-state energies has escaped identification as a problem of interest. Yet, as demonstrated here, in the case of a continuous system, it is precisely this upper bound that corresponds to the paradigmatic “quasilinear plateau” ground state of the bump-on-tail distribution. Although for general discrete systems the complexity of calculating the upper bound grows rapidly with the number of states, using techniques adapted from treatments of the lower bound, the upper bound can in fact be computed directly for the three-state discrete system.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

Optimizing design and dispatch of a resilient renewable energy microgrid for a South African hospital

Lack of access to reliable energy is a major concern for countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The national grids are unable to consistently satisfy demand. Therefore, users turn to distributed generation systems in the form of back-up generators. However, such systems are usually designed based on a rule of thumb. We employ a mixed-integer linear programming model that considers several options such as renewable energy, combined heat and power, and storage technologies, in addition to those on-site, to provide optimal design and dispatch decisions that minimize total cost. We apply this model to a case study for a hospital in South Africa, considering its need for reliable electricity in light of multiple outages that might occur over the course of a year, as well as its high heating and cooling loads. Our results show that optimal design and dispatch decisions for the distributed generation system address reliability challenges, regardless of the time at which they occur. And, these solutions yield millions of dollars in savings, suggesting that technologies such as the absorption chiller may be overlooked in typical designs; its integration can reduce demand charges even in the absence of combined heat and power. We show that total cost is most sensitive to changes in site electrical demand, followed by capital cost, fuel cost, photovoltaic production, and monthly demand charges; changes in fuel cost primarily affect system sizes of combined heat and power and the absorption chiller, while photovoltaic system size is more sensitive to the changes in capital and fuel costs, photovoltaic resource availability, and hourly electrical demand. Finally, an outage simulator demonstrates the ability of our optimized system to sustain with no interruptions in power five-hour outages with probability 1.0 and ten-hour outages with probability 0.65, significant improvements over 0.5 and 0.0, respectively, under a business-as-usual case.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

University Data Management Pilot Utilizing the Nuclear Research Data System

Background In 2022, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued a memo that significantly reshaped the landscape of access to federally funded research. The memo mandated that all taxpayer-funded research be made available to the public without delay upon publication, without an embargo period, superseding the 2013 OSTP public access policy. This public access policy promotes transparency and the democratization of knowledge, ensuring that the fruits of scientific endeavors funded by federal agencies could be immediately accessed and built upon by scientists, educators, students, and the public at large. To implement the requirements of the OSTP guidance and DOE Public Access Plan, the Office of Nuclear Energy (NE) has implemented public access plan guidance and has identified several areas where better data management practices would further expand public access to important nuclear energy related scientific data, reports, and other technical products. Significant NE supported efforts are already underway for data management and public access to important nuclear energy related data.1 2 To address gaps in data management practices, and improve retention and accessibility of data, NE is actively exploring enhanced data management options utilizing its high-performance computing resources administered by its Nuclear Scientific User Facility Program. A newly piloted system, the Nuclear Research Data System (NRDS) acts as a portal for data collection and dissemination. Nuclear Energy University Program Research and Development Portfolio According to Web of Science, NEUP has produced 2,345 journal publication that have been cited more than 61,000 times3 and countless conference proceedings. These publications are publicly available through OSTI.gov and in the open literature. Additional scientific and technical products including project milestones that are not publications and NEUP project final reports are vetted through OSTI.gov and released once reviewed and approved by DOE. Since 2009, NEUP has awarded close to 1,000 different R&D projects in technical areas across the NE research programs. As of June 2023, 512 NEUP reports are publicly available on OSTI. The underlying data for projects is still held at universities, and data transfer, co-location, and dissemination has not occurred in a systematic way. NEUP data is currently accessible through myriad university-based data repositories, or through direct requests to PIs. The program identified this patchwork of repositories, or often lack of publicly available data, as a significant barrier to an organized, accessible, and comprehensive solution to sharing data with the larger nuclear energy community. Approach The goal of this pilot project is to establish a pathway to a consolidated long-term repository for NEUP project data. To accomplish this goal, the pilot strives to accomplish the following objectives: Establish data collection standards, including a standard set of required supplementary information to contextualize and support raw data files. Work with the HPC group collect and upload information and to modify the NRDS system, as needed, to support a standardized approach. Resolve potential barriers to successful roll out of an expanded data collection strategy, including modifying data management plan guidelines and establishing a document and data release process that accounts for potential intellectual property and/or export control concerns. Results Overall, the pilot was successful in collecting 8,982 raw and processes data files, 220 reports, 56 calibration files, and 5,931 other supplementary documents. Supplementary documents included experimental plans, methods, journal publications and conference proceedings, milestone reports, and final reports. Figure 2 shows the number of data sets and supplementary project information provided by each project. Projects has significantly different input, depending on experimental data produced and completeness of the datasets provided.

Data collection↗

Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE): Assessment of a Distributed Energy Resource Management System for Enabling Dynamic Hosting Capacity

The Electric Access System Enhancement (EASE) project demonstrated a scalable, interoperable, and cost-effective means of integrating high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). The control architecture developed leveraged a Distributed Energy Resource Management System, Distribution System Operator for transacting energy, and 3rd Party DER Aggregator platform. The project identified ways to enhance the customer interconnection process to the grid and improve access to information from DERs and optimize the usage of DERs to provide energy services in a simulated day-ahead shadow market while maintain grid reliability. By integrating these capabilities into a scalable system of systems, the DSO can effectively balance DER generation and customer demand on the distribution network. This capability allows the grid to host more DER than traditionally possible on wires alone. Hosting more DER has the added benefit of supplying increased demand growth, sometimes beyond the capacity limits of the distribution network itself. This is known as a dynamic hosting capacity, which could help utilities manage the forecasted growth in electricity demand as California switch to electric vehicles and appliances. This could help to establish energy storage and PV generation as a “pseudo firm” generation resource mix if managed appropriately and provide sufficient resource adequacy for distribution capacity upgrade deferrals.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

FY 2021 Isolated Grids and Grid-Connected Turbine Reference Systems; Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL)

For individuals, businesses, and communities focused on building resilient electrical grid infrastructure, wind energy can provide an affordable, accessible, and compatible distributed energy resource option that also enhances the capabilities of local grid operations. The Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project is a multi-year distributed wind research effort, driven through a partnership between four Department of Energy National Laboratories and industry to develop and improve the planning, design, and operation of wind-centered microgrids to complement solar, energy storage, and other distributed energy resources for grid-tied and isolated operation (U.S. Department of Energy, 2021). This report documents the application of methods developed through the initial three years of the MIRACL project to two real-world distributed wind reference systems. Specifically, the methods demonstrated in this report include 1) a market valuation framework to comprehensively value the services distributed wind can provide and 2) a resilience framework that enables stakeholders to characterize distribution system resilience and compare grid investment decisions from a resilience perspective. Additional methods mentioned in this report include distributed hybrid system design methods for grid resilience, advanced control co-simulation platforms, and power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) models. Preliminary results from these additional methods are presented in this report and will be demonstrated and/or applied to the reference systems in the coming year. The purpose of applying these methods to reference systems is to drive technology transfer of the theories, methodologies, and technologies developed under the MIRACL project and increase the number of referenceable case studies available to stakeholders interested in additional value-added capabilities of wind systems beyond bulk energy supply (i.e. kilowatt-hours).

17 WIND ENERGY↗

FY2021 Isolated Grids and Grid-Connected Turbine Reference Systems

For individuals, businesses, and communities focused on building resilient electrical grid infrastructure, wind energy can provide an affordable, accessible, and compatible distributed energy resource option that also enhances the capabilities of local grid operations. However, there are technical barriers to realizing the market value and resilience benefits of distributed wind, and there is little to no ability to quantify those benefits so that stakeholders can compare grid investment options. The central aims of this report are: (1) to drive technology transfer of the methods and technologies developed under the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project and (2) increase the number of referenceable case studies available to stakeholders interested in additional value-added capabilities of wind systems beyond bulk energy supply. We achieve this aim by applying three major methods developed under MIRACL to two real-world distributed wind reference systems. The two real-world distributed wind reference systems are the isolated grid of St. Mary’s, Alaska, and the two 10.5-megawatt (MW) front-of-the-meter wind turbine deployments owned and operated by Iowa Lakes Electric Cooperative (ILEC).

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Review of TEAMER Awards for WEC-Sim Support: Preprint

Testing Expertise and Access for Marine Energy Research (TEAMER) is a U.S. Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office sponsored program, overseen by the Pacific Ocean Energy Trust, which aims to advance the state of marine energy technologies. The program connects technology developers with experts at U.S. facilities, including numerical modeling and analysis facilities, like WEC-Sim. The WEC-Sim facility is supported by the WEC-Sim development team at Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. WEC-Sim (Wave Energy Converter SIMulator) is an open-source software for simulating wave energy converters. WEC-Sim can model the multi-body dynamics of devices comprised of bodies, joints, power take-off systems, and mooring systems. Since TEAMER's first round of support in 2020, there have been eighteen TEAMER awards focused on numerical model development in WEC-Sim. TEAMER awards for WEC-Sim support have modeled a wide range of wave energy converter archetypes, including point absorbers, attenuators, oscillating water columns, and many other novel architectures. A wide variety of studies have been conducted, leading to important insights for TEAMER partners and software improvements for WECSim. This article highlights several successful WEC-Sim TEAMER awards. The awards described herein include TEAMER recipients Ocean Motion Technologies, AquaHarmonics, iProTech, East Carolina University, Virginia Tech, Maiden Wave Energy, and the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. The awards of these seven partners contain a wide range of investigations and cover the creation of baseline hydrodynamic models, PTO modeling, geometry optimization in both boundary element methods and WECSim, and model tuning and validation.

industry support↗

Increasing the Reach of Low-Income Energy Programmes through Behaviourally Informed Peer Referral

Subsidized energy assistance programmes are a popular policy tool for promoting energy justice, but, like other social benefits programmes, are often undersubscribed. To improve uptake, some programmes have turned to social influence strategies, such as asking programme participants to refer their peers. Here, through a field experiment with California's low-income solar programme (N = 7,676), we show that referral behaviour depends on how existing participants are approached. Adding behavioural science strategies to a referral reward increases peer referral rates, referral quality and ultimately solar adoption. Compared with only reminding existing adopters of a potential US$200 reward for referrals that result in adoption, adding an appeal to reciprocity through a non-contingent US$1 gift - and further combining this gift with a simplified referral process - leads to 2.6-5.2 times as many solar contracts. These results highlight the potential of behaviourally informed peer referral programmes to accelerate equitable access to clean energy.

California↗

JetNet: A Python package for accessing open datasets and benchmarking machine learning methods in high energy physics

JetNet is a Python package that aims to increase accessibility and reproducibility for machinelearning (ML) research in high energy physics (HEP), primarily related to particle jets. Basedon the popular PyTorch ML framework, it provides easy-to-access and standardized interfacesfor multiple heterogeneous HEP datasets and implementations of evaluation metrics, lossfunctions, and more general utilities relevant to HEP.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Tribal Engagement in Transmission Planning

The purpose of this white paper is to provide Tribes with information that (a) helps assess whether transmission access is important for their energy goals, and (b) provides guidance on how to engage in transmission planning, if and when doing so would help the Tribe achieve its energy goals. DOE's Office of Indian Energy notes that "Indian Country contains vast untapped energy resources" (OIE 2023). Individual tribes express a wide array of energy needs and goals, ranging from simple access to basic electricity service and energy efficiency tools, to the development of utility-scale generating plants. Access to transmission is a key part of this multifaceted tribal energy picture. About 2.3 percent of the nation's transmission miles are on tribal lands (OIE 2023). Even within that slice, however, circumstances vary widely. Much of that transmission is for local network delivery (138kV or less). There are some large-capacity 500kV lines, but in many cases the Tribe has limited access to them even when they run across the reservation. Some of the Tribes with the largest land area have little transmission, and some such as Navajo Nation and Hopi Tribe have many homes with no access to electricity. This white paper begins with a high-level summary of transmission issues that can affect a Tribe's energy goals. The discussion includes findings from major transmission-related studies, including the 2023 National Transmission Needs Study (GDO 2023). It then discusses strategies that could help a Tribe safeguard its interests when those interests intersect transmission infrastructure planning.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Higgs production in association with a dark-Z at future electron positron colliders

In recent years there have been many proposals for new electron–positron colliders, such as the circular electron–positron collider, the international linear collider, and the future circular collider in electron–positron mode. Much of the motivation for these colliders is precision measurements of the Higgs boson and searches for new electroweak states. Hence, many of these studies are focused on energies above the hZ threshold. However, there are proposals to run these colliders at the lower WW threshold and Z -pole energies. In this paper, we study a new search for Higgs physics accessible at lower energies: e + e – → hZ d , where Z d is a new light gauge boson such as a dark photon or dark- Z . Such searches can be conducted at the WW threshold, i.e. energies below the hZ threshold where exotic Higgs decays can be searched for in earnest. Additionally, due to very good angular and energy resolution at future electron–positron colliders, these searches will be sensitive to Z d masses below 1 GeV, which is lower than the current direct LHC searches. Here, we will show that at $\sqrt{s}=160$ GeV with 10 ab –1 , a search for e + e – → hZ d is sensitive to h – Z – Z d couplings of δ ~ 9 × 10 –3 and cross sections of $\sim 2-3$ ab for Z d masses below 1 GeV. The results are similar at $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV with 5 ab –1 . These limits are better than those expected from limits on the HL-LHC limits on Higgs branching ratio into generic non-standard model final states and comparable to meson decay limits.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

Post Access Report: Initial testing of wave energy powered UV-C LED anti-biofouling system

In the experiment entitled “Initial Testing of Wave Energy Powered UV-C LED Anti-Biofouling System,” a UV-C LED was used to treat platinum-coated titanium coupons emulating CTD electrode material. An additional control set of coupons were exposed to seawater without the LED treatment. The experimental setup was deployed in seawater tanks at PNNL-Sequim’s Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory (MCRL) for the duration of six months. Tank seawater temperature data were collected for the duration of the experimental campaign. At two-month intervals triplicate sets of coupons were removed from both treatment and control test chambers and weighed to characterize biomass accumulation. After weighing, the coupons were photographed in initial condition, with a stain applied to highlight biofouling growth, and after rinsing off excess stain. These photographs were analyzed using PNNL’s Biofouling Growth Index (BGI) software and with a calculation of percentage dark pixels after conversion to grayscale. Additionally, at the final 6-month datapoint triplicate sets of control and test coupons were sent to PNNL-Richland’s Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) for scanning electron microscopy. All data organization and collection methods are described in further detail in the document “TEAMER_3newable_Data_Guide.pdf.” Biomass accumulation increased over time on both sets of coupons, and percent area biofouled demonstrated a similar trend. Analysis of the collected data resulted in the findings that treatment method has an impact on biofouling growth, though to a much less significant extent than time does. Additionally, qualitative findings included the presence of advanced life forms such as worms in the control test chamber, but not in the treated test chamber.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

Toward Human-Centric Transportation and Energy Metrics: Influence of Mode, Vehicle Occupancy, Trip Distance, and Fuel Economy

Traditional metrics measuring transportation and energy outcomes can be augmented to better represent impacts on people's lives and systems-level performance. In this context, this study introduces two novel metrics: road capacity (as number of people traveling and accessing services) and energy intensity (as energy use for people traveling and accessing services). Current national-level distributions of available data in the United States for factors contributing to the two new integrated metrics are used as context to evaluate potential outcomes. These factors include vehicle occupancy, mode share, fuel economy, and trip distance. Variations in input values provide insights on how these factors shape efficiencies in road capacity and energy intensity. Parametric sensitivity analysis indicates that the impact of each input depends upon the metric being evaluated. For the human-centered road capacity mobility metric, increasing vehicle occupancy has the largest effect – twice that of increasing mode share for bike, walk, and transit. For the energy intensity mobility metric, the effect of improving fuel economy is the largest. However, when the focus is on accessibility (instead of mobility), for both metrics the effect of lowering average trip distance is the largest. Additionally, a novel interactive tool to visualize the results for various parameter combinations makes the metrics practitioner ready. The findings suggest that the diffusion of new human-centric metrics that benchmark outcomes associated with road capacity and energy may be significant in motivating new sustainable transportation investments and efficient utilization of infrastructure, mobility assets, and services.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

A consumer-centric approach to quantify efficiency of receiving goods purchased via online

Virtual participation in shopping activities has increased exponentially in the past four years compared to the last couple of decades. E-tailing or online shopping offers the convenience of goods reaching a consumer instead of a consumer traveling to a store, but it has downsides like geographical service variability and negative social externalities such as increased energy consumption and emissions. This study proposes a novel approach to quantify e-tailing efficiency from the consumers’ viewpoint. The methodology is innovative in its integration of accessibility theory with energy and cost impedance factors and consideration of delivering and picking up goods purchased via online. The methodology is implemented for the San Francisco Bay Area and is subject to scenarios that see enhancements to various facets of online shopping delivery. Results demonstrate that increasing the frequency of e-commerce deliveries helps improve e-tailing efficiency in rural locations, while improvements in energy and cost aspects of delivery modes are seen to improve e-tailing efficiencies in the central parts of the region. The approach proposed can provide valuable insights on where people have limited benefits from online shopping and how emerging delivery mechanisms can change the quality of the e-commerce experience within a city. This research offers a replicable framework for assessing e-commerce systems in diverse geographic contexts, contributing to the development of equitable and environmentally sustainable urban freight systems.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Integration of Electrolysis Systems Into Isolated Microgrid Systems at Extreme Cold Climates

Isolated microgrid systems are generally used to power communities in remote locations where transmission line installations are cost prohibitive. These systems are usually powered by diesel generators, delivering expensive energy with high carbon emissions. However, most of these communities have special geographic access to renewable energy. These special conditions make it interesting to investigate the deployment of renewable energies and storage solutions. Within this scope, this paper analyses the integration of water electrolysis systems into off-grid communities, simulating the electrolyzer as well as the whole electrical grid in real time.

digital real-time simulation↗