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Results for “Enhancement factor”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Enhancement of double-close-binary quadruples

ABSTRACT Double-close-binary quadruples (2 + 2 systems) are hierarchical systems of four stars where two short-period binary systems move around their common centre of mass on a wider orbit. Using Gaia Early Data Release 3, we search for comoving pairs where both components are eclipsing binaries. We present eight 2 + 2 quadruple systems with inner orbital periods of <0.4 d and with outer separations of ≳1000 au. All of these systems but one are newly discovered by this work, and we catalogue their orbital information measured from their light curves. We find that the occurrence rate of 2 + 2 quadruples is 7.3 ± 2.6 times higher than what is expected from random pairings of field stars. At most a factor of ∼2 enhancement may be explained by the age and metallicity dependence of the eclipsing binary fraction in the field stellar population. The remaining factor of ∼3 represents a genuine enhancement of the production of short-period binaries in wide-separation (>103 au) pairs, suggesting a close-binary formation channel that may be enhanced by the presence of wide companions.

Fezenko, Gavin B. (ORCID:0000000217169430)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Signatures of a spin-active interface and a locally enhanced Zeeman field in a superconductor-chiral material heterostructure

A localized Zeeman field, intensified at heterostructure interfaces, could play a crucial role in a broad area including spintronics and unconventional superconductors. Conventionally, the generation of a local Zeeman field is achieved through magnetic exchange coupling with a magnetic material. However, magnetic elements often introduce defects, which could weaken or destroy superconductivity. Alternatively, the coupling between a superconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling and a nonmagnetic chiral material could serve as a promising approach to generate a spin-active interface. Here, we leverage an interface superconductor, namely, induced superconductivity in noble metal surface states, to probe the spin-active interface. Our results unveil an enhanced interface Zeeman field, which selectively closes the surface superconducting gap while preserving the bulk superconducting pairing. The chiral material, i.e., trigonal tellurium, also induces Andreev bound states (ABS) exhibiting spin polarization. The field dependence of ABS manifests a substantially enhanced interface Landég-factor (g eff ~ 12), thereby corroborating the enhanced interface Zeeman energy.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2024

On the nature of two-photon transitions for a collection of molecules in a Fabry–Perot cavity

Here, we investigate the effect of a cavity on nonlinear two-photon transitions of a molecular system and we analyze how such an effect depends on the cavity quality factor, the field enhancement, and the possibility of dephasing. We find that the molecular response to strong light fields in a cavity with a variable quality factor can be understood as arising from a balance between (i) the ability of the cavity to enhance the field of an external probe and promote multiphoton transitions more easily and (ii) the fact that the strict selection rules on multiphoton transitions in a cavity support only one resonant frequency within the excitation range. Although our simulations use a classical level description of the radiation field (i.e., we solve Maxwell–Bloch or Maxwell–Liouville equations within the Ehrenfest approximation for the field–molecule interaction), based on experience with this level of approximation in the past studies of plasmonic and polaritonic systems, we believe that our results are valid over a wide range of external probing.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Plasmon-enhanced ultralow-threshold solid-state triplet fusion upconversion

Triplet fusion upconversion has potential applications in solar cells, photoredox catalysis, additive manufacturing and bioimaging. However, solid-state upconversion systems have struggled to measure up to their solution-phase counterparts, often requiring enormous optical power densities to operate at the maximum efficiency. Here we substantially improve the performance of upconversion films through excitation with surface plasmons that propagate along a planar silver-film interface, leading to an absorption enhancement that reduces the intensity threshold I th by a factor of 19 and enhances the external quantum efficiency by a factor of 17. From this, we achieve I th values as low as 3.4 mW cm −2 and an external quantum efficiency up to 0.094%. To demonstrate real-world viability, we couple the upconversion film to plasmons generated by the near-field of excitons in an organic light-emitting diode. As a result, this scheme is then used to fabricate a white-emitting organic light-emitting diode where blue emission sources from plasmon-excited upconversion, achieving a high colour rendering index of 86.2 and setting precedent for blue emission in the absence of high-energy polarons or triplets.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Three Photon Excited Image Scanning Microscopy for in-Depth Super-Resolution Studies of Biological Samples

Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy is a powerful tool for deep imaging of thick biological samples. Image scanning microscopy (ISM) has demonstrated significant improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio in confocal laser scanning microscopy, while at the same time improving upon the effectively attainable resolution. Two-photon excitation (2PE), combined with ISM, has been shown to allow for deep tissue imaging with enhanced resolution compared to 2PE microscopy. Three-photon excitation (3PE) has enabled record imaging depth and contrast for multiphoton imaging, due to the superior suppression of out-of-focus signal generation. In this paper, we demonstrate super-resolution 3PE ISM. This is achieved using a single-photon avalanche detector array, and 1040-nm pulses for 3PE of blue fluorescence. This method enables subdiffraction limited resolution imaging of biological samples stained with blue fluorescent markers, such as mouse myocardial and spinal cord tissues stained with 4 ′ , 6 -diamidino-2-phenylindole. Deconvolution improves the resolving power further and allows for imaging with better than λ / 8 resolution with respect to the 3PE wavelength λ . With the ISM pixel reassignment procedure, we demonstrate a resolution enhancement of ∼ 1.6 laterally, compared to the resolution attained using a photomultiplier tube in a non-descanned detection arrangement, and a factor of ∼ 1.8 enhancement in axial resolution. The experimentally measured three-dimensional point spread function volume is shrunk ∼ 4.4 -fold, which is close to the theoretically expected enhancement. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

An Enhanced Virtual Crack Closure Technique for Stress Intensity Factor Calculation along Arbitrary Crack Fronts and the Application in Hydraulic Fracturing Simulation

The virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) is widely used for calculating energy release rates along crack fronts and modeling the propagation of cracks in solid materials. Although the VCCT formulation for smooth crack fronts has been sufficiently addressed in the literature, the application of VCCT to a nonsmoothed crack front with sharp corners warrants further investigation. In this study, we describe an enhanced VCCT to calculate energy release rates and stress intensity factors for cracks with arbitrary shapes in 3D domains discretized on structured grids. The formulations of the enhanced VCCT were developed and implemented into a multiphysics simulation environment capable of simulating crack propagation in the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Comparisons with existing analytical/numerical solutions and other VCCT approaches were performed to verify the enhanced VCCT in terms of SIF calculation along nonsmoothed crack fronts. We then applied the enhanced VCCT to a hydraulically driven penny-shaped fracture problem to further demonstrate its capability to simulate nonsmoothed fracture propagation.

02 PETROLEUM↗
DOE OSTI2024

Targeting prostate tumor low–molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase for oxidation-sensitizing therapy

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play major roles in cancer and are emerging as therapeutic targets. Recent reports suggest low–molecular weight PTP (LMPTP)—encoded by the ACP1 gene—is overexpressed in prostate tumors. We found ACP1 up-regulated in human prostate tumors and ACP1 expression inversely correlated with overall survival. Using CRISPR-Cas9–generated LMPTP knockout C4-2B and MyC-CaP cells, we identified LMPTP as a critical promoter of prostate cancer (PCa) growth and bone metastasis. Through metabolomics, we found that LMPTP promotes PCa cell glutathione synthesis by dephosphorylating glutathione synthetase on inhibitory Tyr 270 . PCa cells lacking LMPTP showed reduced glutathione, enhanced activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2–mediated stress response, and enhanced reactive oxygen species after exposure to taxane drugs. LMPTP inhibition slowed primary and bone metastatic prostate tumor growth in mice. These findings reveal a role for LMPTP as a critical promoter of PCa growth and metastasis and validate LMPTP inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for treating PCa through sensitization to oxidative stress.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 1-2409: Zonal Isolation Solution for Geothermal Wells - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Zonal Isolation Solution for Geothermal Wells project by PetroQuip Energy Services, presented by VP of operations Robert Coon. The project's objective was to design and develop a multi-stage system for zonally isolating fluids inside and outside of geothermal well casings. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 1-2551: Multi-Stage Fracturing System and Well Tractor to Enable Zonal Isolation During Stimulation and EGS Operations in Horizontal Wellbores - Workshop Presentation and Report

Included here are a presentation recording, slides, and report on the Multi-Stage Fracturing System and Well Tractor to Enable Zonal Isolation During Stimulation and EGS Operations in Horizontal Wellbores project by Colorado School of Mines, presented by Dr. William W. Fleckenstein. One goal of the project is to develop and demonstrate the use of low-cost, rapid multistage fracture stimulation technology with cemented casing frac sleeves that eliminates packers used in both conventional stimulation and injection flow control. The second goal is to develop and demonstrate the devices to effectively detect and control the flow of heat-carrier fluid solely from a long-reach injector through the network of induced and existing fractures and produced from an open-hole long-reach well to improve heat recovery. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 2-2404: Application of Advanced Techniques for Determination of Reservoir-Scale Stress State at Utah FORGE - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Application of Advanced Techniques for Determination of Reservoir-Scale Stress State at Utah FORGE project by the University of Oklahoma, presented by Dr. Ahmad Ghassemi, McCasland Chair Professor. The project's objective was to develop a methodology for the determination of reservoir-scale in-situ stress and use it to estimate the stress state at Utah FORGE. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 2-2439: A Multi-Component Approach to Characterizing In-Situ Stress: Laboratory, Modeling and Field Measurement - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on A Multi-Component Approach to Characterizing In-Situ Stress at the U.S DOE FORGE EGS Site: Laboratory, Modeling and Field Measurement project by Battelle [Columbus, OH], presented by Mark Kelley. The project's objective was to characterize stress in the Utah FORGE EGS reservoir using three methods: a laboratory rock-core stress estimation combined with a Machine Learning approach for estimation of in-situ stress from field sonic-log data, a field based in-situ measurement (min-frac) approach, and a modeling approach. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 2-2446: Closing the Loop Between In-situ Stress Complexity and EGS Fracture Complexity - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Closing the Loop Between In-situ Stress Complexity and EGS Fracture Complexity project by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, presented by Dr. Matteo Cusini. The project's objective was to employ a combination of high-fidelity simulations and true-triaxial block fracturing tests at high temperature to explore the intricate relationship between in-situ stress and hydraulic fracture patterns and better characterize the in-situ stress at Utah FORGE. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 3-2417: Fiber-Optic Geophysical Monitoring of Reservoir Evolution - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Fiber-Optic Geophysical Monitoring of Reservoir Evolution at the Utah FORGE Milford Site project by Rice University, presented by Prof. Jonathan Ajo-Franklin. The project's objective was to develop an end-to-end fiber-optic sensing approach for EGS to track the initial zone of fracture creation, zones of connected mechanically compliant fractures, and zones of flowing fractures linking the injection/production well pair. This approach would also be used to integrate data into an improved thermo-hydro-mechanical model (THM). This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 8, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 3-2418: Wellbore Fracture Imaging Using Inflow Detection Measurements - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Wellbore Fracture Imaging Using Inflow Detection Measurements project by Stanford University, presented by Dr. Roland N. Horne. The project's objective was to make measurements in the Utah FORGE wells, both before and after fracturing experiments, to map the fractures and estimate their flow magnitude. The approach utilizes a ion-specific electrode that will measure chloride in the well. The idea is that water flowing into the well from the fractures will have a different concentration of chloride than the surrounding water. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 8, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 3-2514: A Strain Sensing Array to Characterize Deformation at the FORGE Site - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Strain Sensing Array to Characterize Deformation at the FORGE Site project by Clemson University, presented by Lawrence Murdoch. The project's objective was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring and interpreting tensor strain data to improve the performance of EGS. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 8, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 3-2535: Joint EM-Seismic-InSAR Imaging of Fracture Properties - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Joint Electromagnetic/Seismic/InSAR Imaging of Spatial-Temporal Fracture Growth and Estimation of Physical Fracture Properties During EGS Resource Development project by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, presented by Dr. David Alumbaugh, Staff Scientist. The project's objective was to develop a set of technologies and workflow to image induced fracture generation and growth for an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). The project anticipates imaging of the fracture generation and growth at FORGE using a combination of passive seismic, active source borehole EM, and INSAR technology. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 8, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 4-2492: Design and Implementation of Innovative Stimulation Treatments to Maximize Energy Recovery - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Design and Implementation of Innovative Stimulation Treatments to Maximize Energy Recovery Efficiency at the Utah FORGE Site project by The University of Texas at Austin, presented by Professor Mukul M. Sharma. The project's objectives were to place fractures uniformly in a horizontal well (improve cluster efficiency) to ensure uniform distribution of flow into all hydraulic fractures, maximize the area of the created fracture network, ensure connectivity of the fractures from the injector to the producer, and optimize fracture size. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 7, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Utah FORGE 5-2419: Seismicity-Permeability Relationships Probed via Nonlinear Acoustic Imaging - Workshop Presentation

This is a presentation on the Seismicity-Permeability Relationships Probed via Nonlinear Acoustic Imaging project by Pennsylvania State University, presented by Derek Elsworth. The project's objectives were to explore controls and acoustic signatures of aseismic through seismic evolution of friction-stability-permeability relationships on fractures in shear-reactivation, link this reactivation to key features of the pre-existing stress state, and upscale these indexes to reservoir scale to drive successful reservoir stimulation. This presentation was featured in the Utah FORGE R&D Annual Workshop on September 8, 2023. The workshop provided a valuable opportunity to explore the progress made in each of the 17 Research and Development projects funded under Solicitation 2020-1 which aim to enhance our understanding of the crucial factors influencing the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) reservoirs and resources.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗