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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2006

Intracavity Rayleigh/Mie Scattering for Multipoint, Two-Component Velocity Measurement

A simultaneous multi-point two-component Doppler velocimeter is described. The system uses two optical cavities: a Fabry-Perot etalon and an optical cavity for collecting and re-circulating the Rayleigh/Mie scattered light that is collected from the measurement volume in two parallel, but opposite directions. Single-pulse measurements of two orthogonal components of the velocity vector in a supersonic free jet were performed to demonstrate the technique. The re-circulation of the light rejected by the interferometer input mirror also increased the signal intensity by a factor of 3.5. 2005 Optical Society of America Interferometric Rayleigh scattering has previously been used for single-point velocity measurements in unseeded gas flow. However, this past work has generally been limited to probing with continuous-wave lasers resulting in time-averaged measurements of velocity. Multiple velocity components have been measured simultaneously by separate instruments.1,2 It has also been demonstrated that two orthogonal velocity components can be measured simultaneously at one point using one interferometer by reflecting back the probing laser beam, although this approach results in directional ambiguity of the flow velocity vector.3 This measurement ambiguity was removed by prior knowledge of the approximate magnitude and sign of the velocity components. Furthermore, it was shown that multiple points could be measured simultaneously with a Rayleigh scattering interferometric approach, but only one component of velocity was measured.4 Another method of performing multiple component velocity measurements with Rayleigh scattering uses a pair of cameras to image the flow, one of which views the flow through an iodine gas filter. This iodine-filter technique has the advantage of allowing high-resolution velocity imaging, but it generally has a lower dynamic range.

Bivolaru, Daniel↗
NASA NTRS1998

Interior Noise Reduction by Adaptive Feedback Vibration Control

The objective of this project is to investigate the possible use of adaptive digital filtering techniques in simultaneous, multiple-mode identification of the modal parameters of a vibrating structure in real-time. It is intended that the results obtained from this project will be used for state estimation needed in adaptive structural acoustics control. The work done in this project is basically an extension of the work on real-time single mode identification, which was performed successfully using a digital signal processor (DSP) at NASA, Langley. Initially, in this investigation the single mode identification work was duplicated on a different processor, namely the Texas Instruments TMS32OC40 DSP. The system identification results for the single mode case were very good. Then an algorithm for simultaneous two mode identification was developed and tested using analytical simulation. When it successfully performed the expected tasks, it was implemented in real-time on the DSP system to identify the first two modes of vibration of a cantilever aluminum beam. The results of the simultaneous two mode case were good but some problems were identified related to frequency warping and spurious mode identification. The frequency warping problem was found to be due to the bilinear transformation used in the algorithm to convert the system transfer function from the continuous-time domain to the discrete-time domain. An alternative approach was developed to rectify the problem. The spurious mode identification problem was found to be associated with high sampling rates. Noise in the signal is suspected to be the cause of this problem but further investigation will be needed to clarify the cause. For simultaneous identification of more than two modes, it was found that theoretically an adaptive digital filter can be designed to identify the required number of modes, but the algebra became very complex which made it impossible to implement in the DSP system used in this study. The on-line identification algorithm developed in this research will be useful in constructing a state estimator for feedback vibration control.

Lim, Tae W.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Block segmentation in feature space for realtime object detection in high granularity images

Computer vision has applications in object detection, image recognition and classification, and object tracking. One of the challenges of computer vision is the presence of useful information at multiple distance scales. Filtering techniques may sacrifice details at small scales in order to prioritize the analysis of large-scale features of the image. We present a strategy for coarse-graining multidimensional data while maintaining fine-grained detail for subsequent analysis. The algorithm is based on fixed-size block segmentation in the feature space. We apply this strategy to solve the long-standing challenge of detecting particle trajectories at the Large Hadron Collider in real time.

Computer vision↗
DOE OSTI2024

Efficient Extraction Of Building Elevation Attributes For Flood Risk Management Using Airborne LiDAR Data

In this paper, we address the need for extracting two key building elevation attributes—Lowest Adjacent Grade (LAG) and Highest Adjacent Grade (HAG)—which are crucial for effective flood risk management. Conventional methods, involving onsite surveying or the use of optical imagery-derived building footprints combined with Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), often face misalignment and time discrepancy issues due to varied remote sensing sources. We introduce a new, scalable method that exclusively relies on airborne LiDAR data to overcome these challenges. Our approach employs an object-based ground filtering technique, and the results were evaluated using two different DEMs and building footprint sets. The findings demonstrate that our single-source method, utilizing only airborne LiDAR data, significantly improves the accuracy of LAG and HAG calculations compared to traditional methods that use hand-digitized building footprints. The proposed approach offers a solution for comprehensive flood risk management endeavors.

Song, Hunsoo↗
DOE OSTI2026

Loss Factors for Small Distributed Wind Turbines Based on Field Data in the United States

While wind energy production loss due to unavailability, environmental impacts, curtailment, and other causes has been studied and characterized at the utility-scale wind farm level, observation-based characterization of project loss is lacking for distributed wind energy, particularly for projects involving small wind turbines. Contemporary tools and research that support pre-construction distributed wind energy characterization present a wide range of default loss factors to convert gross energy estimates to net: 7-18%. We hypothesize that we can use generation observations from operational distributed wind projects to develop more accurate representations of loss. Using a density-based filtering technique on distributed wind power generation timeseries, we determine periods of typical performance and use them with regression algorithms in a measure-correlate-predict fashion to simulate what the generation would have been during periods of atypical or unreported performance. From there, the actual versus predicted generation leads to the establishment of observation-informed loss factors (median = 17%) for small, single turbine installation distributed wind projects.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

An Iterative Approach for Solving the SCOPF Problem Applying LP, SOCP, and NLP Subproblems

We propose to develop efficient algorithms and software for the SCOPF problem. We will employ an iterative approach that will: a) use linear subproblems and other active set filtering techniques to identify the most important contingencies and drastically reduce the SCOPF model size; b) solve SOCP relaxations of the reduced SCOPF to converge to the neighborhood of the global optimal solution and establish a lower bound on the solution, and; c) use a non-convex, nonlinear interior-point solver, Artelys Knitro, to converge quickly to the optimal solution. To identify the most effective approach, we will experiment with several techniques to identify the tradeoffs between contingency subproblem complexity and fast solvability.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Blue Canyon Dome Emplacement Artifacts

The Blue Canyon Dome (BCD) experiments are a series of intermediate scale subsurface chemical explosions designed to explore the geophysical relationship between scaled yields and formation damage. Phase 2 of this experiment involved explosions designed to evaluate the effect of damage, demonstrating the effect of geologic features and previous damage on the near field seismic signatures, not just in amplitude, but also in spectral content. Based on the emplacement effect on the seismic signature, the moment-based yield estimates showed error between 10s-1000s of percent. This report details an alternative approach to emplacement-based filtering techniques of the seismic signatures to improve yield estimates for explosions in damaged rock. The results will be used to develop an improved inverse yield model that leverages the information in the seismic signature for each source based on emplacement type.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2026

Weak-lensing Detection of Intercluster Filaments in Three Nearby Cluster Systems

Abstract Direct detection of intercluster filaments is challenging due to their low surface density, resulting in a weak deflection field. We present weak-lensing detections of intercluster filaments using wide-field Dark Energy Camera observations from the Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey. A matched-filter method was applied to identify filamentary structures in three nearby ( z < 0.1) systems centered on A401, A2029, and A3558. We discover two filaments (>3 σ ) in each system, with the strongest detections (5.2 σ –5.8 σ ) around A401 and A2029. In particular, we report the first robust weak-lensing detections (≳5 σ ) of the intercluster bridges connecting the cluster pairs A401/399, A2029/2033, A2029/SIG, and A3558/3556. Adopting a filament convergence model motivated by numerical simulations, we infer the maximum convergence ( κ 0 ) and characteristic width ( h c ) for all six filaments, yielding κ 0 ∼ 0.016–0.040 and h c ∼ 0.23–0.43 Mpc. The performance of the matched-filter technique is validated using mock shear catalogs and further tested on a null field around A2351. We explore the potential of using the B-mode lensing signal of filaments to suppress cluster-induced shear contamination. We also quantify the biasing effect of closely separated terminal clusters to the filament signal. These results demonstrate the feasibility of directly mapping dark matter filaments with current and future wide-field weak-lensing datasets.

Shinde, Rahul [Brown University] (ORCID:0000000273↗
NASA NTRS1969

Occulting-filter method for obtaining flashing-light visibility data

Occulting-filter technique allows several types of flashing-light visibility data necessary for rendezvous and docking maneuvers, to be obtained for studying the perception of flashes at the visual threshold. The indications are that the method can be used to compare sources of radically different spectral composition.

Hardy, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Baysian recursive image estimation.

Discussion of a statistical procedure for treatment of noise-affected images to recover unaffected images by recursive processing with noise background elimination. The feasibility of the application of a recursive linear Kalman filtering technique to image processing is demonstrated. The procedure is applicable to images which are characterized statistically by mean and correlation functions. A time invariant dynamic model is proposed to provide stationary statistics for the scanner output.

Nahi, N. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Method for treatment of water containing low concentrations of mercury

A process employing magnetic filtering techniques has been devised for treating water containing concentrations on the order of 1 microgram/cubic centimeter of atomic or ionic mercury. A laboratory-scale system has been operated and can reduce the mercury content of test solutions by as much as 90 percent.

Flood, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Holography and Optical Filtering

Holography and optical filtering techniques for structural analysis, material tests, and astronomical observation - conference

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1973

Computer enhancement of radiographs

Examination of three relevant noise processes and the image degradation associated with Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC) X-ray/scanning system was conducted for application to computer enhancement of radiographs using MSFC's digital filtering techniques. Graininess of type M, R single coat and R double coat X-ray films was quantified as a function of density level using root-mean-square (RMS) granularity. Quantum mottle (including film grain) was quantified as a function of the above film types, exposure level, specimen material and thickness, and film density using RMS granularity and power spectral density (PSD). For various neutral-density levels the scanning device used in digital conversion of radiographs was examined for noise characteristics which were quantified by RMS granularity and PSD. Image degradation of the entire pre-enhancement system (MG-150 X-ray device; film; and optronics scanner) was measured using edge targets to generate modulation transfer functions (MTF). The four parameters were examined as a function of scanning aperture sizes of approximately 12.5 25 and 50 microns.

Dekaney, A.↗