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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Videoshare

SAND2023-05132O Videoshare is an application that allows users to communicate in a variety of ways, including voice, video, and text, over a local network without having to use a central server or an internet connection. The software features: • Screen-sharing and connecting to external IP cameras. • Ability to hold group calls on computers running the same software and network. • Ability to connect to other computers running the same software. • Curating potential connections and manually adding IP addresses to available connections. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

McIlraith, Aiden↗
DOE OSTI2024

Local carbon reserves are insufficient for phloem terpene induction during drought in Pinus edulis in response to bark beetle–associated fungi

Stomatal closure during drought inhibits carbon uptake and may reduce a tree's defensive capacity. Limited carbon availability during drought may increase a tree's mortality risk, particularly if drought constrains trees' capacity to rapidly produce defenses during biotic attack. We parameterized a new model of conifer defense using physiological data on carbon reserves and chemical defenses before and after a simulated bark beetle attack in mature Pinus edulis under experimental drought. Attack was simulated using inoculations with a consistent bluestain fungus (Ophiostoma sp.) of Ips confusus, the main bark beetle colonizing this tree, to induce a defensive response. Trees with more carbon reserves produced more defenses but measured phloem carbon reserves only accounted for c. 23% of the induced defensive response. Our model predicted universal mortality if local reserves alone supported defense production, suggesting substantial remobilization and transport of stored resin or carbon reserves to the inoculation site. Our results show that de novo terpene synthesis represents only a fraction of the total measured phloem terpenes in P. edulis following fungal inoculation. Without direct attribution of phloem terpene concentrations to available carbon, many studies may be overestimating the scale and importance of de novo terpene synthesis in a tree's induced defense response.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Copper Evaluation and SCALE S/U [Slides]

This presentation discusses progress that has been made so far on the RRR evaluation for n+ 63,65 Cu and on SCALE S/U work, especially optimizations for TSUNAMI-IP.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS - PHOTONIC MEMORY CONTROLLER MODULE (P-MCM)

As computational density for high-performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power budget, presents a detrimental scaling barrier to data-intensive computing. A consortium team of small businesses and leading researchers that includes experts from photonics processor-memory architecture, III/V photonic laser design/fabrication, silicon photonics design/fabrication, photonics packaging and assembly, and FPGA-based high-performance memory controller IP development – to collaboratively develop a commercialization path for a Photonic Memory Controller Module (P-MCM).

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

A complementarity-based vapor-liquid equilibrium formulation for equation-oriented simulation and optimization

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) is a cornerstone of computer aided process engineering (CAPE). Embedded within process system models, VLE calculations are inherently procedural with non-smooth behavior that frequently require discrete decisions. Traditionally, these features resist the incorporation of VLE within efficient, large-scale equation-oriented (EO) process simulation and optimization strategies. On the other hand, recent reformulation of VLE models through the incorporation of complementarity constraints has broadened its scope to deal seamlessly with phase transitions and even supercritical excursions in process simulation and optimization. In this study, we extend these VLE complementarity models to EO frameworks where procedural thermodynamic property libraries are still required. Here, we develop an efficient, non-intrusive, and intuitive “square-flash” equation system that has been implemented within the IDAES Integrated Platform (IDAES-IP). Further, the effectiveness of this modular approach is demonstrated on case studies for non-ideal flash calculations and distillation optimization with disappearing phases and supercritical transitions.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Escalated Phase Separation Driven Enhanced Magnetoresistance in Manganite/Iridate Epitaxial Heterostructures

Phase separation in manganites leads to unique magnetic and electronic properties. 50% Ca-doped LaMnO 3 (LCMO), at the boundary of ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states in La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), is an ideal system to study phase separation behavior. The investigation reveals the effect of a 5d-metal perovskite SrIrO 3 (SIO) on the phase separation, magnetic, and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of LCMO. Single-layer and bilayer LCMO films, both appear purely ferromagnetic along the in-plane (IP) magnetic field direction, but show the tendency of temperature-dependent ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic or charge-ordered (CO) phase separation with the out-of-plane (OOP) applied field. The MR, and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), observed in LCMO/SIO bilayers are two orders and an order of magnitude (in %) larger, respectively than that in the single-layer film. The coexistence of FM and AFM/CO phases is responsible for the CMR and MR enhancement in the LCMO/SIO bilayer, pointing toward the importance of the phase separation and competition of both the individual materials in enhancing their magnetic and electronic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Development and characterization of a wild emmer wheat backcross introgression population for hard winter wheat improvement

Abstract Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidumsubsp.dicoccoides) is the tetraploid progenitor of hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and is known to be a valuable source of genetic variation for wheat improvement. However, direct evaluation of wild emmer diversity for agronomic potential has limited value unless performed in the backgrounds of adapted cultivars. Here, we present a genetic characterization of a population of 1601 backcross recombinant inbred lines, with an average genome composition of 75% bread wheat and 25% wild emmer. Low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing allowed introgressions and aneuploidies to be identified at a relatively low cost per sample. We identified a relatively large proportion of small introgressions (median length 38 Mb), and we found introgressions to be distributed across all chromosomes. Approximately 44% of genotyped progeny carried at least one aneuploidy, with monosomies being by far the most common. This population, which we have denoted as the Great Plains Wild Emmer/Hard Winter Wheat introgression population (GPWEW‐IP), is, to our knowledge, the first introgression population developed through the direct hybridization of wild emmer wheat and US‐adapted hard winter wheat. We believe that this population represents a valuable resource for wheat breeders and will accelerate the discovery and integration of useful variation from wild emmer wheat.

Genetics & Heredity↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hypergraph Analytics of Domain Name System Relationships

We report on the use of novel mathematical methods in hypergraph analytice over a large quantity of DNS data. Hypergraphs generalize graphs, as used in network science, to better model complex multiway relations in cyber data. Specifically, casting DNS data from Georgia Tech's ActiveDNS repository as hypergraphs allows us to fully represent the interactions between {\em collections} of domains and IP addresses. To facilitate large-scale analytics, we fielded an analytical pipeline of two capabilities. HyperNetX (HNX) is a Python package for the exploration and visualization of hypergraphs, acting as a frontend. For the backend, the Chapel HyperGraph Library (CHGL) is a library for high performance hypergraph analytics written in the exascale programming language Chapel. CHGL was used to process gigascale DNS data, performing compute-intensive calculations for data reduction and segmentation. Identified portions are then sent to HNX for both exploratory analysis and knowledge discovery targeting known tactics, techniques, and procedures.

Joslyn, Cliff A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Jacobian-based model diagnostics and application to equation oriented modeling of a carbon capture system

It can be difficult to identify the specific variables or equations responsible for convergence issues in large mathematical programming models. The Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems Integrated Platform (IDAES-IP) contains a tool to identify poorly scaled constraints and variables by searching for rows and columns of the Jacobian matrix with small L2-norms. A singular value decomposition is then performed to identify degenerate sets of equations and remaining scaling issues. Here, this work presents a flowsheet developed for post-combustion carbon capture using a monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent system as a case study. This work takes the reader through the entire process of model diagnostics and reformulation, from a basic introduction to the mathematics behind these model diagnostics to the reformulations necessary to make the model numerically robust, including a significantly modified enhancement factor model.

IDAES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Direct Discontinuous Galerkin methods for the reacting multi-component flow equations

The Direct Discontinuous Galerkin (DDG (Liu and Yan, 2008)) method and a counterpart with Interface Correction (DDGIC (Danis and Yan, 2022)) are extended to compute diffusion terms that arise when solving the compressible multi-component flow equations in thermochemical nonequilibrium. Thermodynamic properties, transport properties, chemical reaction rates, and energy exchange terms are computed using Mutation++ (Scoggins et al., 2020). The DG method is applied on unstructured grids, where the accuracy and convergence rates can be sensitive to the numerical method chosen for parabolic terms. A method for determining the homogeneity tensor of the flow equations required for DDGIC is shown. The convergence properties of the DDG methods are studied and compared to the Interior Penalty (IP) method. A number of numerical experiments are conducted to assess the accuracy and performance of the method. The numerical results and convergence studies indicate that DDG and DDGIC provide accurate solutions and perform well for general flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium.

Diffusion↗
DOE OSTI2023

Towards generic memory forensic framework for programmable logic controllers

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a microprocessor-based controller that is used to automate physical processes in critical infrastructure and various other industries and manufacturing sectors. Initially, PLCs were completely isolated from the Internet, and cyber security was not incorporated at the time of development. The introduction of industry 4.0 and the evolution of ICS systems to communicate over public IP addresses from the Internet enhanced productivity and efficiency, but Internet connectivity exposed the systems and their vulnerabilities, which led to an increase in cyber attacks. When a system is sabotaged/compromised, security analysts need to get to the root cause of the attack as quickly as possible to recover the system. To do so, memory forensic analysis is critical to provide a unique insight into the run-time memory activities and extract a reliable source of evidence. In this paper, we analyze the memory structure of the Schneider Electric Modicon M221 PLC. To build a memory profile, we reverse engineer the communication protocol and conduct differential analysis to gain knowledge about the structure of the memory and the low-level representation of control logic instructions. We then identify dynamic and static memory regions by modifying different project fields and conducting differential analysis, which allows us to identify boundaries of critical memory structures and extract important forensic artifacts that can be found in the memory. The Python implementation of the memory profile can help reduce the time and effort required for manual analysis in case of cyber incident or system failure.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Magnetism and spin-dependent transport phenomena across Verwey and Morin transitions in iron oxide/Pt bilayers

Understanding the influence of phase coexistence and phase transitions on spin transport properties in a ferromagnet/heavy metal (FM/HM) system is of utmost importance for spintronics. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the magnetic and spin transport properties of biphase iron oxide (BPIO = α-Fe 2 O 3 +Fe 3 O 4 )/Pt films over a wide temperature range, 10K ≤ T ≤ 300K. In-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) magnetometry and radio frequency transverse susceptibility measurements confirm the characteristic features of the Verwey and Morin transitions at T V ~ 120K and TM ~ 200 K, respectively. Further, anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) is observed in the BPIO film, which arises mainly from the spin polarized tunneling of conduction electrons between neighboring uniformly magnetized grains through the resistive grain boundary. Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) and spin Hall anomalous Hall effect (SH-AHE) are detected in the BPIO/Pt films. Around the T V , the temperature evolution of SMR shows a sharp maximum, while SH-AHE exhibits a steep decrease. Both SMR and SH-AHE are strongly susceptible to the Verwey transition but the Morin transition, indicating that the interfacial magnetism of our BPIO/Pt film is dominated by the Fe 3 O 4 phase rather than the α-Fe 2 O 3 phase.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

A critical review and commentary on recent progress of additive manufacturing and its impact on membrane technology

Membrane separations has been increasingly recognized as a key technology platform for improving the energy efficiency of many separations processes. Likewise, additive manufacturing (AM), or 3-dimensional (3D) printing as it is often called, is a rapidly emergent technology platform for manufacturing in many industrial sectors. It has become increasingly common to marry these two platforms to take advantage of the additive nature of 3D printing with the increasing need for membrane technology that is adaptable to separations needs. Conventional membrane manufacturing approaches, such as casting, typically result in thick membranes that limit productivity and potentially waste material in a non-performing support layer. Interfacial polymerization (IP) offered a new vision for thin-film composite desalination membranes, yet it was limited to certain chemistries while exhibiting other drawbacks. Additive manufacturing offers certain benefits over these techniques to membranes, including the ability to expand the library of materials that can be processed while also offering a degree of customization that is impossible in conventional manufacturing. This review article evaluates an increasing body of literature on using printing to make membranes and considers the limitations and opportunities for printing to enhance existing membrane technology and expand the reach of membranes into other industries. Furthermore, we also provide a perspective from leading experts in membrane technology to see where there are opportunities to use printing in different membrane science disciplines.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Bulk properties and multi-particle correlations in large and small systems

Charged particle production is calculated in a hybrid framework consisting of the IP-Glasma initial state, Music viscous relativistic fluid dynamics, and the UrQMD microscopic hadronic cascade. Using one set of parameters, we compute observables for a large variety of collision systems. Furthermore, we compare to experimental data in p+p, p+Pb, Xe+Xe, Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions at various energies, and make predictions for potential O+O runs at RHIC and LHC.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Probing Early-Time Dynamics and Quark-Gluon Plasma Transport Properties with Photons and Hadrons

In this work, we use a hybrid model which relies on QCD effective kinetic theory - KøMPøST - to dynamically bridge the gap between IP-Glasma initial states and viscous hydrodynamics, for the theoretical interpretation of heavy-ion collision results. The hydrodynamic phase is then followed by dynamical freeze-out handled by UrQMD. It is observed that the new pre-equilibrium/pre-hydro phase does influence the extraction of transport coefficients. We also show how the early dynamics is reflected in photon observables.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

MIER3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes breast cancer cell aggressiveness via forming a co-repressor complex with HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail

Highlights: • The expression of MIER3 was correlated with poor outcome of breast cancer patients. • MIER3 induced EMT and promoted cell migration. • MIER3 interacted with HDAC1/HDAC2 and Snail to form a repressive complex. • The repressive complex bound to E-cadherin promoter and reduced its acetylation. Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer death in women. MIER3 (Mesoderm induction early response 1, family member3) is considered as a potential oncogene for breast cancer. However, the role of MIER3 in breast cancer remain largely unknown. The expression of MIER3 was detected and the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological characteristics was also analyzed. The effect of MIER3 on proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells was detected in vitro and in vivo. Western blot, IF, and Co-IP were employed to detect the relationship between MIER3, HDAC1, HDAC2, and Snail. ChIP assay was performed to determine the binding of MIER3/HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail complex to the promoter of E-cadherin. In this study, we found that MIER3 was upregulated in breast cancer tissue and closely associated with poor prognosis of patients. MIER3 could promote the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. Further studies showed that MIER3 interacted with HDAC1/HDAC2 and Snail to form a repressive complex which could bind to E-cadherin promoter and was related to its deacetylation. Our study concluded that MIER3 was involved in forming a co-repressor complex with HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail to promote EMT by silencing E-cadherin.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

EPS8 supports pancreatic cancer growth by inhibiting BMI1 mediated proteasomal degradation of ALDH7A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 (ALDH7A1) is an enzyme catalyzing lipid peroxidation of fatty aldehydes. It plays a critical role in sustaining high oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PADC). However, why PADC cells maintain a relatively high level of ALDH7A1 concentration is still not well understood. In the current study, we explored the interplay between epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (EPS8) and ALDH7A1 in PADC cells. PADC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and AsPANC-1 were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. The co-IP assay showed mutual interactions between Flag-EPS8 and Myc-ALDH7A1 in both MIA PaCa-2 and AsPANC-1 cells. EPS8 knockdown resulted in decreased ALDH7A1 protein levels and increased poly-ubiquitination. An interaction was observed between ALDH7A1 and BMI1 but not between BMI1 and EPS8. BMI1 knockdown reduced ALDH7A1 poly-ubiquitination and degradation caused by EPS8 knockdown. Dual EPS8 and ALDH7A1 knockdown had a synergistic effect on suppressing PADC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study revealed that EPS8 supports PADC growth by interacting with ALDH7A1 and inhibiting BMI1 mediated proteasomal degradation of ALDH7A1.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scavenger receptor MARCO contributes to macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of tumor cells

Highlights: • The MARCO receptor on macrophages was positively correlated with the ability to phagocyte tumor cells. • Macrophage MARCO affects cytoskeleton rearrangement and pseudopodia formation through the SYK-PI3K-Rac1 pathway. • Integrin is the ligand of MARCO on the tumor cells. Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) is a member of the class A scavenger receptor family which is expressed on the cell surface of macrophages. It is well known that MARCO avidly binds to unopsonized pathogens, leading to its ingestion by macrophages. However, the role of MARCO in the recognition and phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages remains poorly understood. In this study, we used lentiviral technology to knockdown and overexpress MARCO and investigated the ability of macrophages to phagocytose tumor cells. Our results showed that MARCO expression was correlated with the ability of macrophages to carry on phagocytosis. MARCO knockdown led to significant decreases in the number of engulfment pseudopodia of macrophages and inhibition of the phagocytosis of tumor cells. On the other hand, MARCO overexpression elevated activity of SYK, PI3K and Rac1 in macrophages, which led to changes in macrophage morphology and enhanced phagocytosis by promoting formation of stress fibers and pseudopodia. By Co-IP analysis we showed that MARCO directly binds to the β5 integrin of SL4 tumor cells. In summary, these results demonstrated the important role for MARCO in demonstrated tumor cells uptake and clearance by macrophages.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗