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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Policy implications in developing a land use management information systems

The current land use map for the city of Los Angeles was developed by the guesstimation process and provides single stage information for each level in the critical geographical hierarchy for land use planning management. Processing and incorporation of LANDSAT data in the land use information system requires special funding; however, computergraphic maps are able to provide a viable information system for city planning and management.

Landini, A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Computer-implemented land use classification with pattern recognition software and ERTS digital data

Significant progress has been made in the classification of surface conditions (land uses) with computer-implemented techniques based on the use of ERTS digital data and pattern recognition software. The supervised technique presently used at the NASA Earth Resources Laboratory is based on maximum likelihood ratioing with a digital table look-up approach to classification. After classification, colors are assigned to the various surface conditions (land uses) classified, and the color-coded classification is film recorded on either positive or negative 9 1/2 in. film at the scale desired. Prints of the film strips are then mosaicked and photographed to produce a land use map in the format desired. Computer extraction of statistical information is performed to show the extent of each surface condition (land use) within any given land unit that can be identified in the image. Evaluations of the product indicate that classification accuracy is well within the limits for use by land resource managers and administrators. Classifications performed with digital data acquired during different seasons indicate that the combination of two or more classifications offer even better accuracy.

Joyce, A. T.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Ohio River main stem study - The role of geographic information systems and remote sensing in flood damage assessments

The Pittsburgh District, Corps of Engineers, has conducted feasibility analyses of various procedures for performing flood damage assessments along the main stem of the Ohio River. Procedures using traditional, although highly automated, techniques and those based on geographic information systems have been evaluated at a test site, the City of New Martinsville, Wetzel County, WV. The flood damage assessments of the test site developed from an automated, conventional structure-by-structure appraisal served as the ground truth data set. A geographic information system was developed for the test site which includes data on hydraulic reach, ground and reference flood elevations, and land use/cover. Damage assessments were made using land use mapping developed from an exhaustive field inspection of each tax parcel. This ground truth condition was considered to provide the best comparison of flood damages to the conventional approach. Also, four land use/cover data sets were developed from Thematic Mapper Simulator (TMS) and Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) data. One of these was also used to develop a damage assessment of the test site. This paper presents the comparative absolute and relative accuracies of land use/cover mapping and flood damage assessments, and the recommended role of geographic information systems aided by remote sensing for conducting flood damage assessments and updates along the main stem of the Ohio River.

Edwardo, H. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Central Atlantic Regional Ecological Test Site (CARETS): A prototype regional environmental information system

The author has identified the following significant results. Accomplishments have included: (1) completion of the research design for the USGS/CARETS demonstration project; (2) preparation of photomossics and land use maps at a scale of 1:100,000 for entire area; (3) demonstration of the feasibility of extracting several categories of land use information from ERTS-1 MSS data for a portion of the CARETS region; (4) demonstration of the feasibility of detecting some significant land use changes on ERTS-1 imagery; (5) demonstration of the feasibility of attaching environmental impact significance to the remote sensor-derived land use data; (6) delivery of land use information derived from high altitude aircraft data to the Maryland state planning agency for use in its statewide land use inventory; (7) demonstration of high interest by other use groups in the test region in products and services provided by investigation; and (8) determination of the viability of setting up a computerized geographic information system as part of the CARETS investigation, to facilitate handling of sensor-derived land use data in a variety of formats to suit user requirements.

Alexander, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Using Satellite Data To Map Crops

Report describes 4-year cooperative project to develop procedures for mapping land used to grow major crops in California. Participants used images and data from Landsat Earth-observing satellite as well as ground survey data.

Hlavka, Christine A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Eulusmap: An international land resources map utilizing satellite imagery

In 1972, the International Geographical Union's Commission on World Land Use Survey adopted a project for a land-use map of Europe. Such a map, under the name Eulusmap was started earlier under sponsorship of several government offices in Hungary. Although there was great response from a number of contributors in many countries, it became evident by mid-1974 that the map would contain gaps and some inaccuracies unless additional data sources were utilized. By then, the satellite Landsat-1 had obtained imagery of most of Europe. Using theme extraction techniques, the map was completed in draft form and portions of it displayed at the 23d International Geographical Congress in Moscow during July 1976. Printing of the completed map was accomplished in May 1978.

Paludan, T.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Small scale thematic mapping - A case for radar imagery

Small scale thematic maps (1:250,000 and smaller) of physical and cultural phenomena manifested on the landscape are a major concern to scientists and investigators in diverse disciplines. A strip of K-band radar imagery consisting of a traverse from eastern Minnesota to northern Utah was employed to evaluate the potential of radar imagery for small scale land use mapping. In the course of this investigation, it was discovered that certain borders derived from radar imagery were compatible with borders found on the nonland use thematic maps used for comparison. Specifically, numerous borders and regions of small scale maps of landforms, soils, vegetation, and geology are found to be similar to the radar land use regions. Although far from conclusive it appears that radar imagery can be employed in the small scale mapping of landforms and possibly for mapping physiognomic or economic vegetation.

Henderson, F. M.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The utility of short wavelength /less than 1 mm/ remote sensing techniques for the monitoring and assessment of hydrologic parameters

The paper reviews advances made in remote sensing applications to the fields of hydrology and water resources management, with emphasis on sensing from spacecraft platforms. An overview is presented of a remote sensing applications program for water resources management with attention given to water resources requirements and information content research. Consideration is also given to snowcovered area mapping in the Western United States, the use of Landsat imagery in land-use mapping and in the development of hydrological watershed models employed in flood control/waterworks planning and management.

Rango, A.↗
NASA NTRS2022

Woody Plant Decline in the Sahel of Western Niger (1996-2017): Is it Driven by Climate or Land Use Changes?

Although a recovery of woody vegetation has been observed throughout the Sahel, western Niger has not followed the overall satellite-derived greening trend. While satellite imagery can be used to study overall patterns and trends, only field observations can provide insights in the dynamics of woody plant populations. Here we used field data from 29 sites in the Dantiandou district in Niger to study woody species composition, plant density, crown cover, basal area, foliage and wood mass from 1996 to 2017. All sites show a decrease in woody plant parameters with a faster decrease in rangeland than in agricultural land. Most of the decrease is due to the loss of shrubs, while trees do not change significantly. When field observations were scaled up to the district level using land use maps, shrub density decreased from 342 to 155 ha-1in agricultural land, and from 1567 to 250 ha-1in rangeland. Trends in annual rainfall and soil moisture during the study period were not significant and cannot explain the decrease of woody vegetation. Instead, the expansion of cropped areas, shortened crop-fallow cycles and the increasing pressure on wood resources to satisfy demand for fuel and construction materials may have contributed to the decline.

Pierre Hiernaux↗
NASA NTRS1973

Study of application of remote sensing data to land use planning on the Mississippi Gulf Coast

There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Comparisons are being developed for ERTS-1 imagery and data from existing land use studies of the four county area of the Mississippi Gulf Coast. ERTS-1 data will be analyzed by computer programs and land use maps will be produced which delineate categories of interest. These computer produced products will be analyzed to determine accuracy and suitability of the data for land use planning compared to the present means of data collection for such studies.

Ingels, F. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Photomorphic mapping for land-use planning

A comparison of different land types based on their physical and environmental characteristics is seen as a useful, if not vital, element of land-use planning decisions. The use of the photomorphic-mapping technique is described in order to delineate and compare the different land types in Boulder County, Colorado, according to their constraints and values for agricultural and urban uses. Employing high-altitude color infrared aerial photography of Boulder County at a scale of 1:100,000, photomorphic areas were delineated according to similarities in pattern, tone, and texture on the photographs. The boundaries of the areas were checked and adjusted using information from thematic maps and sampling data. Constraints on specific land uses in the county could then be described on a regional basis using the photomorphic areas as a framework.

Nichol, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Kansas environmental and resource study: A Great Plains model

The author has identified the following significant results. Improvement in the land use classification accuracy of ERTS-1 MSS multi-images over Kansas can be made using two distances between neighboring grey tone N-tuples instead of one distance. Much more information is contained texturally than spectrally on the Kansas image. Ground truth measurements indicate that reflectance ratios of the 545 and 655 nm wavebands provide an index of plant development and possibly physiological stress. Preliminary analysis of MSS 4 and 5 channels substantiate the ground truth interpretation. Results of the land use mapping experiment indicate that ERTS-1 imagery has major potential in regionalization. The ways in which land is utilized within these regions may then be studied more effectively than if no adequate regionalization is available. A model for estimating wheat yield per acre has been applied to acreage estimates derived from ERTS-1 imagery to project the 1973 wheat yields for a ten county area in southwest Kansas. The results are within 3% of the preharvest estimates for the same area prepared by the USDA. Visual identification of winter wheat is readily achieved by using a temporal sequence of images. Identification can be improve by stratifying the project area into subregions having more or less homogeneous agricultural practices and crop mixes.

Haralick, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Land use of northern megalopolis from ERTS-1 imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. A color-coded urban-type land use map of the three northern megalopolitan states of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island has been completed from ERTS-1 images. A computer data bank containing 11 categories of land use for the entire area by 1/4-square-kilometer cells is 80% completed. When completed, the data bank will permit the investigation to proceed to brief analytical studies for completion of the study.

Simpson, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Investigations using data from LANDSAT-2

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT imageries have given positive indication of new land formation in the Bay of Bengal. A map of the bay region showing depth of new formations south of Patherghata test site was prepared. Winter crop estimation of the Sylhet-Mymensingh districts was made. This estimate shows an agreement of about 93% with 1973 data of the Agriculture Department. A preliminary land use map of the Sylhet-Mymensingh area using LANDSAT imageries in conjunction with aerial photographs and ground survey was also prepared.

Hossain, A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Kansas environmental and resource study: A Great Plains model

The land use category of subimage regions over Kansas within an MSS image can be identified with an accuracy of about 70% using the textural-spectral features of the multi-images from the four MSS bands. Ground truth measurements indicate that reflectance ratios of the 545 and 655 nm wavebands provide an index of plant development and possibly physiological stress. Agricultural consultants have expressed substantial interest in work conducted on center pivot irrigation and have inquired as to how they may use ERTS-1 imagery to aid those in the irrigation field. Results of the land use mapping experiment indicate that ERTS-1 imagery has major potential in regionalization. The ways in which land is utilized within these regions may then be studied more effectively than if no adequate regionalization is available.

Haralick, R. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Extraction of agricultural statistics from ERTS-A data of Kansas

The author has identified the following significant results. Agricultural consultants have expressed substantial interest in work being conducted on center pivot irrigation and have inquired as to how ERTS-1 imagery can be used to aid those in the irrigation field. Results of the land use mapping experiment indicate that ERTS-1 imagery has major potential in regionalization. The ways in which land is utilized within these regions may then be studied more effectively than if no adequate regionalization is available.

Morain, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Investigations using data from LANDSAT-2

The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary land use maps of Sunamgonj, Baniachong, and Srimongal areas in the Sylhet districts were prepared. Indication of new land in southern Patuakhali district and Hatiya island were found, and erosion in the northern part of Hatiya island is also shown.

Hossain, A.↗