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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
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DOE OSTI2011

Measurement of Geo-neutrinos with KamLAND

Radioactive isotopes inside the Earth produce geo-neutrinos through beta decays. Geo-neutrinos could be direct probes to investigate the interior of the Earth as a supplement to the current geophysical survey that mainly relies on an indirect seismic approach. After the Kamioka liquid scintillator antineutrino detector (KamLAND) reported the first indication of geo-neutrinos in 2005, we have accumulated data for a total of 2,135 days of live-time and achieved a lower background level by purifying liquid scintillator. The number of obtained geo-neutrino events is 106{sub -28}{sup +29} corresponding to an electron antineutrino flux of 4.3{sub -1.1}{sup +1.2}x10{sup 6} cm{sup -2} s{sup -1} from {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th series at the Earth's surface. The null hypothesis for the existence of geo-neutrinos is excluded at the 99.997% confidence level. We combined this precise result with that of the Borexino experiment to obtain 20.0{sub -8.6}{sup +8.8} TW as a contribution of {sup 238}U and {sup 232}Th to the Earth heat flow.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2012

Static electromagnetic fields and charged black holes in general covariant theory of Hořava-Lifshitz gravity

In this paper, we study electromeganetic static spacetimes in the nonrelativisitc general covariant theory of the Hořava-Lifshitz (HL) gravity, proposed recently by Hořava and Melby-Thompson, and present all the electric static solutions, which represent the generalization of the Reissner-Nordström solution found in Einstein's general relativity (GR). The global/local structures of spacetimes in the HL theory in general are different from those given in GR, because the dispersion relations of test particles now contain high-order momentum terms, so the speeds of these particles are unbounded in the ultraviolet (UV). As a result, the conception of light-cones defined in GR becomes invalid and test particles do not follow geodesics. To study black holes in the HL theory, we adopt the geometrical optical approximations, and define a horizon as a (two-closed) surface that is free of spacetime singularities and on which massless test particles are infinitely redshifted. With such a definition, we show that some of our solutions give rise to (charged) black holes, although the radii of their horizons in general depend on the energies of the test particles.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Search for Dilepton Resonances in pp Collisions at {radical}(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter reports on a search for narrow high-mass resonances decaying into dilepton final states. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in pp collisions at {radical}(s)=7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 1.08 (1.21) fb{sup -1} in the e{sup +}e{sup -} ({mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) channel. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed and upper limits are set at the 95% C.L. on the cross section times branching fraction of Z{sup '} resonances and Randall-Sundrum gravitons decaying into dileptons as a function of the resonance mass. A lower mass limit of 1.83 TeV on the sequential standard model Z{sup '} boson is set. A Randall-Sundrum graviton with coupling k/M{sub Pl}=0.1 is excluded at 95% C.L. for masses below 1.63 TeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dynamical Model for Meson Production off Nucleon and Application to Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions

I explain the Sato-Lee (SL) model and its extension to the neutrino-induced pion production off the nucleon. Then I discuss applications of the SL model to incoherent and coherent pion productions in the neutrino-nucleus scattering. I mention a further extension of this approach with a dynamical coupled-channels model developed in Excited Baryon Analysis Center of JLab.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Interpretation of electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering data

The analysis of the sample of charged current quasi elastic events collected by the Mini-BooNE collaboration shows that the extension of the approaches successfully employed to describe electron-nucleus scattering to the case of neutrino interactions involves non trivial difficulties. In this paper it is argued that, due to flux average, the double differential neutrino-nucleus cross section does not allow for a clearcut determination of the dominant reaction mechanism. A systematic study of the large body of electron scattering data may help to identify the processes, other than single nucleon knockout, contributing to the observed neutrino cross section.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Quasi-elastic Neutrino Scattering - an Overview

A non-technical overview of charge current quasi-elastic neutrino interaction is presented. Many body computations of multinucleon ejection which is proposed to explain recent large axial mass measurements are discussed. A few comments on recent experimental results reported at NuInt11 workshop are included.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

New Results from MiniBooNE Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic Anti-Neutrino Data

MiniBooNE anti-neutrino charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) data is compared to model predictions. The main background of neutrino-induced events is examined first, where three independent techniques are employed. Results indicate the neutrino flux is consistent with a uniform reduction of {approx}20% relative to the largely uncertain prediction. After background subtraction, the Q{sup 2} shape of {nu}-bar{sub {mu}} CCQE events is consistent with the model parameter M{sub A} = 1.35 GeV determined from MiniBooNE {nu}{sub {mu}} CCQE data, while the normalization is {approx}20% high compared to the same prediction.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Cross-section Effects in the Super-Kamiokande Tau Appearance Analysis

In this talk, I explain the search for tau neutrino appearance in the atmospheric neutrino flux at Super-Kamiokande with a particular emphasis on the effect deep inelastic cross section uncertainties have on interpreting the result. In particular, I explain why the normalization of the DIS cross-section also needs to be treated as a parameter in the fit of tau normalization, and show how a neural net based on event parameters can separate various cross-section modes in the background sample.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutral Current {nu} Induced Reactions in Nuclei at Supernova Neutrino Energies

We calculate cross sections for the neutral current induced neutrino/antineutrino reaction from {sup 208}Pb target and applied it to study Supernova neutrino event rates. The calculations are done in local density approximation taking into account Pauli blocking, Fermi motion effects and renormalization of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium. The numerical results for the neutrino nucleus total cross sections have been averaged over the various Supernova neutrino/antineutrino fluxes available in literature.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Nuclear Effects in Generators: the Path Forward

The extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters requires the determination of the neutrino energy from observations of the hadronic final state. The use of nuclear targets then requires the use of event generators to isolate the interesting elementary processes and to take experimental acceptances into account. In this talk I briefly summarize the history of event generators and their use in nuclear physics, talk briefly about the generators used in the neutrino community and then discuss future necessary developments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

b' search at the LHC

We consider the production and detection of a sequential, down type quark via the mode pp{yields}b'b-bar'{yields}W{sup +}W{sup -}tt-bar{yields}l{nu}{sub l}8j at the LHC, with the collision energy {radical}(s)=10 TeV and the total integrated luminosity around 1 fb{sup -1}. We assume m{sub b'}=m{sub t'}=600 GeV. A full reconstruction is employed and the signal and background discrimination is studied within a neural network approach. Our results show that this mode can make a useful contribution to the b' search.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Lepton number violation in top quark and neutral B meson decays

Lepton number violation can be induced by Majorana neutrinos in four-body decays of the neutral B meson and the top quark. We study the effects of Majorana neutrinos in these |{Delta}L|=2 decays in a scenario where a single heavy neutrino can enhance the amplitude via the resonant mechanism. Using current bounds on heavy neutrino mixings, the most optimistic branching ratios turn out to be at the level of 10{sup -6} for B{sup 0}{yields}D{sup +}e{sup -}e{sup -}{pi}{sup +} and t{yields}bl{sup +}l{sup +}W{sup -} decays. Searches for these lepton number violation decays at future facilities can provide complementary constraints on masses and mixings of Majorana neutrinos.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

eA Pion Production at CLAS Aimed at Neutrinos

Preliminary results on semi-inclusive charged pion production in eA collisions at E{sub beam} = 5 GeV/c{sup 2} are presented. The data were collected using the CLAS detector, which is a multipurpose, large acceptance, magnetic spectrometer located in Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. Distributions in W, Q{sup 2}, p{sub {pi}}, and {theta}{sub {pi}} are shown for data produced using deuterium and carbon targets. Preliminary comparisons with data simulated using the GENIE generator are made. The motivation for this work is to provide distributions useful for tuning the hadronic production models used in extracting results from current and next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Neutral Current Elastic Interactions in MiniBooNE

Neutral Current Elastic (NCE) interactions in MiniBooNE are discussed. In the neutrino mode MiniBooNE reported: the flux averaged NCE differential cross section as a function of four-momentum transferred squared, an axial mass (M{sub A}) measurement, and a measurement of the strange quark spin content of the nucleon, {Delta}s. In the antineutrino mode we present the background-subtracted data which is compared with the Monte Carlo predictions.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗