Manned space flight - The future.
Future space programs as governed by cost limitations, suggesting development of economical launch vehicle for shuttling between earth and orbital space stations
Mueller, G. E.↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Medical experience in the Apollo manned space flights 7 to 11
Human response in Apollo flights emphasizing astronauts food, water, waste management, physical examination, preventive medicine problems, etc
Berry, C. A.↗
System safety requirements for manned space flight
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Deep space network support of the manned space flight network for Apollo, volume 2 Technical memorandum, 1969 - 1970
Deep Space Network support activities for Apollo 9 through 13 flights and associated equipment
Flanagan, F. M.↗
Research and development of umbilical hose assembly concepts for manned space flight including design verification test report REDAR-RTR-351
Umbilical hose assembly and PLSS oxygen and water hose designs
Sylvester, W. A.↗
Medical experience in manned space flight
Medical flight information on astronauts response to space flight environment in confined and unconfined state and during intra- and extravehicular activities
Berry, C. A.↗
Moon view period tabulations (with station masking) for Manned Space Flight Network stations, book 1
The times during which MSFN stations can view the moon are tabulated. Station view periods for each month are given. All times and dates refer to Greenwich Mean Time. AOS and LOS refer to the center of the moon at zero degrees elevation for moon rise and set, respectively.
Gattie, M. M.↗
Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 1: Executive summary. Part 2: Space shuttle nuclear system safety
The nuclear safety integration and operational aspects of transporting nuclear payloads to and from an earth orbiting space base by space shuttle are discussed. The representative payloads considered were: (1) zirconium hydride-Brayton power module, (2) isotope-Brayton power module, and (3) small isotope power systems or heat sources. Areas of investigation also include nuclear safety related integration and packaging as well as operational requirements for the shuttle and payload systems for all phases of the mission.
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Evolution of escape systems for manned space flight.
Detailed outline of the research, development, and actual operational usage of emergency systems starting with the X-15 program and continuing through the early Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs into future space station and planetary missions. The changing nature of the risk that confronts space flight system designers as program objectives are expanded is discussed. It is shown how risk complexity increased as space programs moved from a ballistic or low earth orbit mission on to lunar and ultimately planetary research efforts. Performance criteria for those emergency systems that have been designed are included. Aspects of feasibility are considered.
Bolger, P. H.↗
Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 3: Reactor system preliminary nuclear safety analysis. Part 2: Accident Model Document (AMD)
The Accident Model Document is one of three documents of the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) - Reactor System as applied to a Space Base Program. Potential terrestrial nuclear hazards involving the zirconium hydride reactor-Brayton power module are identified for all phases of the Space Base program. The accidents/events that give rise to the hazards are defined and abort sequence trees are developed to determine the sequence of events leading to the hazard and the associated probabilities of occurence. Source terms are calculated to determine the magnitude of the hazards. The above data is used in the mission accident analysis to determine the most probable and significant accidents/events in each mission phase. The only significant hazards during the prelaunch and launch ascent phases of the mission are those which arise form criticality accidents. Fission product inventories during this time period were found to be very low due to very limited low power acceptance testing.
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Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 3: Reactor system preliminary nuclear safety analysis. Part 2A: Accident model document, appendix
The detailed abort sequence trees for the reference zirconium hydride (ZrH) reactor power module that have been generated for each phase of the reference Space Base program mission are presented. The trees are graphical representations of causal sequences. Each tree begins with the phase identification and the dichotomy between success and failure. The success branch shows the mission phase objective as being achieved. The failure branch is subdivided, as conditions require, into various primary initiating abort conditions.
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Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 3: Reactor system preliminary nuclear safety analysis. Part 3: Nuclear Safety Analysis Document (NSAD)
Nuclear safety analysis as applied to a space base mission is presented. The nuclear safety analysis document summarizes the mission and the credible accidents/events which may lead to nuclear hazards to the general public. The radiological effects and associated consequences of the hazards are discussed in detail. The probability of occurrence is combined with the potential number of individuals exposed to or above guideline values to provide a measure of accident and total mission risk. The overall mission risk has been determined to be low with the potential exposure to or above 25 rem limited to less than 4 individuals per every 1000 missions performed. No radiological risk to the general public occurs during the prelaunch phase at KSC. The most significant risks occur from prolonged exposure to reactor debris following land impact generally associated with the disposal phase of the mission where fission product inventories can be high.
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Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 4: Space shuttle nuclear system transportation. Part 1: Space shuttle nuclear safety
An analysis of the nuclear safety aspects (design and operational considerations) in the transport of nuclear payloads to and from earth orbit by the space shuttle is presented. Three representative nuclear payloads used in the study were: (1) the zirconium hydride reactor Brayton power module, (2) the large isotope Brayton power system and (3) small isotopic heat sources which can be a part of an upper stage or part of a logistics module. Reference data on the space shuttle and nuclear payloads are presented in an appendix. Safety oriented design and operational requirements were identified to integrate the nuclear payloads in the shuttle mission. Contingency situations were discussed and operations and design features were recommended to minimize the nuclear hazards. The study indicates the safety, design and operational advantages in the use of a nuclear payload transfer module. The transfer module can provide many of the safety related support functions (blast and fragmentation protection, environmental control, payload ejection) minimizing the direct impact on the shuttle.
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Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Volume 5: Nuclear System safety guidelines. Part 1: Space base nuclear safety
The design and operations guidelines and requirements developed in the study of space base nuclear system safety are presented. Guidelines and requirements are presented for the space base subsystems, nuclear hardware (reactor, isotope sources, dynamic generator equipment), experiments, interfacing vehicles, ground support systems, range safety and facilities. Cross indices and references are provided which relate guidelines to each other, and to substantiating data in other volumes. The guidelines are intended for the implementation of nuclear safety related design and operational considerations in future space programs.
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Manned space flight nuclear system safety. Voluem 5: Nuclear system safety guidelines. Part 2: Space shuttle/nuclear payloads safety
The design and operations guidelines and requirements developed in the study of space shuttle nuclear system transportation are presented. Guidelines and requirements are presented for the shuttle, nuclear payloads (reactor, isotope-Brayton and small isotope sources), ground support systems and facilities. Cross indices and references are provided which relate guidelines to each other, and to substantiating data in other volumes. The guidelines are intended for the implementation of nuclear safety related design and operational considerations in future space programs.
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Specialized physiological studies in support of manned space flight
The areas of physiological research reported include: (1) evaluation of the single-breath method for determining cardiac output, (2) optimum protocol for the assessment of cardio-pulmonary competence, (3) body fluids and electrolytes under conditions of single and combined stress, (4) re-evaluation of the open-circuit method for measuring metabolic rate with regard to the alleged metabolic production of gaseous nitrogen, and (5) the use of the forced-oscillation method to determine total respiratory conductance in healthy subjects and pulmonary patients.
Luft, U. C.↗
Apollo experience report: Simulation of manned space flight for crew training
Through space-flight experience and the development of simulators to meet the associated training requirements, several factors have been established as fundamental for providing adequate flight simulators for crew training. The development of flight simulators from Project Mercury through the Apollo 15 mission is described. The functional uses, characteristics, and development problems of the various simulators are discussed for the benefit of future programs.
Woodling, C. H.↗