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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Addressing the data and real-time challenges in large scale particle physics experiments through AI and in situ computing technologies

Modern high energy physics experiments are faced not only with the challenge of having to deal with extremely high data rates but with the need to process data quickly to meet real time constraints. At Fermilab, we explore the use of novel computing technologies and techniques to address these challenges. I will discuss my R&D efforts in applying such computing solutions to enhance the multi-messenger astronomy capabilities and improve the overall physics performance of large-scale LArTPC based neutrino experiments. These efforts offer excellent opportunities for fruitful collaboration.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Looking for New Particle Physics with Astrophysical Origin

In this thesis, I explore the consequences of introducing new particles into astrophysical environments, and place constraints on these particles using available data. I first consider Heavy Neutral Leptons (a proposed particle which has important implications for neutrinos) in the context of atmospheric interactions, the Sun, and supernovae. I then turn my focus to various models of dark matter, considering the reach of both the terrestrial and astronomical observables. A special focus is given to cases where dark matter clusters around Supermassive Black Holes.

Gustafson, Robert Andrew [Virginia Tech., Blacksbu↗
DOE OSTI2015

Research in Elementary Particle Physics

This report details the accomplishments and research results for the High Energy Physics Group at the University of Texas at Arlington at the Energy and Intensity Frontiers. For the Energy Frontier we have made fundamental contributions in the search for supersymmetric particles, proposed to explain the stabilization of the mass of the Higgs Boson – the agent giving mass to all known particles. We have also made major contributions to the search for additional Higgs Bosons and to the planning for future searches. This work has been carried out in the context of the ATLAS Experiment at CERN (European Nuclear Research Laboratory) and for which we have made major contributions to computing and data distribution and processing, and have worked to calibrate the detector and prepare upgraded electronics for the future. Our other contribution to the Energy Frontier has been to the International Linear Collider (ILC) project, potentially hosted by Japan, and to the Silicon Detector Concept (SiD) in particular. We have lead the development of the SiD Concept and have worked on a new form of precise energy measurement for particles from the high energy collisions of electrons and positrons at the ILC. For the Intensity Frontier, we have worked to develop the concept of Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment(s) (LBNE) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Our contributions to detector development, neutrino beam studies, particle identification, software development will facilitate future studies of the oscillation of one type of neutrino into other type(s), establish the order of the neutrino masses, and, through an innovative new idea, allow us to create a beam of dark matter particles.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

RF Frontiers for Particle Physics, the US View

In this talk I provide an update on the RF research for future colliders in the U.S., through the prism of Snowmass and P5 report. During Snowmass, we considered various applications of RF technology to the proposed future colliders and other accelerator- and non-accelerator-based experiments. P5 narrowed down the choices of future machines. The colliders include circular and linear $e^+ e^-$ Higgs factories, and longer-term options such as muon and hadron high energy colliders. I will start with Snowmass and P5 recommendations. As it is impossible to cover all possible RF R&D topics, I will discuss only three critical topics relevant to future colliders: efficiency of RF power sources, cold normal conducting RF, and cavities for ionization channel of muon collider. Progress on SRF accelerating cavities for future colliders will be covered in a separate talk. The choice of topics reflects my preference and in some cases ignorance, which I think is inevitable when one tries to cover such a broad subject.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Particle Physics after the Higgs-Boson Discovery: Opportunities for the Large Hadron Collider

The first run of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN brought the discovery of the Higgs boson, an apparently elementary scalar particle with a mass of 125 GeV, the avatar of the mechanism that hides the electroweak symmetry. Then, a new round of experimentation is beginning, with the energy of the proton–proton colliding beams raised to 6.5 TeV per beam, from 4 TeV at the end of the first run. I summarize what we have learned about the Higgs boson, and calls attention to some issues that will be among our central concerns in the near future.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scaling Inference Using Triton to Accelerate Particle Physics at the LHC and DUNE

DUNE and the LHC experiments consist of unique and cutting-edge particle detectors that create massive, complex, and rich datasets with billions of events. They require sophisticated algorithms to reconstruct and interpret the data. Modern machine learning algorithms provide a powerful toolset to detect and classify particles, from familiar image processing convolutional neural networks to newer graph neural network architectures. A full reconstruction of these particle collisions requires novel approaches to handle the computing challenge of processing so much raw data. In a series of studies, physicists from Fermilab, CERN, and university groups explored how to accelerate their data processing using the Triton Inference Server.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Elementary Particle Physics (Final Report)

vATLAS and the LHC are delivering on the promise of discovery physics at the high energy frontier. Using 4.8 fb -1 of 2011 $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV data and the first 5.8 fb -1 of 2012 $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV data, ATLAS published the observation of a new particle with a mass of 126 GeV with a significance of 5.9σ that is compatible with a Standard Model (SM) Higgs. The LHC is outperforming initial projections for the 2012 run, and ATLAS is on track to integrate ~20 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions in 2012 before Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) begins in Spring 2013. University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) physicists will complete work on two ATLAS analyses this fall. The first is the search for the gauge bosons of a hypothesized dark sector. For 2011 data, UTD is responsible for the dark photon search in the electron-jet channel, and we are looking forward to an expanded leadership role in the dark photon search using the full 2012 data set. Our second analysis interest is the study of X/Y/Z exotic states having cc content, which builds on our experience in this field from the BABAR experiment After completing a measurement of the Xc(3872) production cross section this fall, we will search for evidence of the Z(4430)+ which is reported by Belle but not confirmed by BABAR. The UTD group has played a strong role in ATLAS operations, with group members serving as Pixel Run Coordinator, ATLAS Shift Leader, and Pixel/Inner Detector Shifter. For most of the current 3-year funding cycle, a group member coordinated the development of the Pixel DAQ code, and another continues to build and maintain the data quality monitoring (DQM) application that is used by the Inner Detector control room shifter. Additionally, members of our group take Pixel on-call expert shifts for DQM and DAQ. We led an optoboard lifetime study to assess concerns of premature on-detector VCSEL failure using the Pixel working prototype detector at CERN. Physicists based at UTD participated through Pixel Offline DQM and ATLAS Distributed Computing Operations Shifts (ADCoS) During Summer 2012, UTD joined upgrade activities in preparation for LS1. We took a major role in the testing of Electro-Readout (ER) Bundle testing for new Service Quarter Panels (nSQPs), and we developed two utilities to measure the timing jitter and bit error rate of the Pixel readout chain for use commissioning Pixel detector upgrades. During BABAR's heyday, the UTD group pioneered the use of e + e - annihilation events with hard Initial State Radiation (ISR) to study the charm threshold region, and we carried out the first BABAR double-cc analysis. Our most recent ISR paper, written in collaboration with A. Palano (Bari) is Exclusive Production of Ds + Ds - , D S *+ Ds - , and Ds *+ Ds *- via e+ e- Annihilation with Initial-State-Radiation was published in Physical Review D 82, 052004 (2010). Work continues on a study of ISR Λc + Λc - production, and a new search to establish and study double-ss production is starting.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Design and Principles of Linear Accelerators and Colliders." in Particle Physics Reference Library, pp. 295-336. Springer, Cham, 2020.

Linear accelerators (linacs) use alternating radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles in a straight line. Linacs were invented about 95 years ago and have seen many significant technical innovations since. A wide range of particle beams have been accelerated with linacs including beams of electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons, and heavy ions. Linac parameter possibilities include pulsed versus continuous wave, low and high beam powers, low and high repetition rates, low transverse emittance beams, short bunches with small energy spreads, and accelerated multiple bunches in a single pulse. The number of linacs around the world has grown tremendously with thousands of linacs in present use, many for medical therapy, in industry, and for research and development in a broad spectrum of scientific fields. Researchers have developed accelerators for scientific tools in their own right, being awarded several Nobel prizes. Moreover, linacs and particle accelerators in general have enabled many discovery level science experiments in related fields, resulting in many Nobel prizes as well.

Seeman, John↗
DOE OSTI2014

Theoretical Studies of Drift-Alfven and Energetic Particle Physics

The research program supported by this DOE grant has been rather successful and productive in terms of both scientific investigations as well as human resources development; as demonstrated by the large number (60) of journal articles, 6 doctoral degrees, and 3 postdocs. This PI is particularly grateful to the generous support and flexible management of the DOE–SC-OFES Program. He has received three award/prize (APS Excellence in Plasma Physics Research Award, 2004; EPS Alfven Prize, 2008; APS Maxwell Prize, 2012) as the results of research accomplishments supported by this grant. Our research results have made important impacts not only on fusion plasma physics, but also on space as well as basic plasma physics. While the details of the results can be found in the attached more extensive list of publications, we should present here some of the highlights.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

A linear collider vision for the future of particle physics

In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e + e - colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach much higher energies and/or luminosities. In addition, we discuss detectors, alternative collider modes, as well as opportunities for beyond-collider experiments and R&D facilities as part of a linear collider facility (LCF). The material of this paper supports all plans for e + e - linear colliders and the additional opportunities they offer, independently of technology choice or proposed site, as well as R&D for advanced accelerator technologies. This joint perspective on the physics goals, early technologies and upgrade strategies has been developed by the LCVision team based on an initial discussion at LCWS2024 in Tokyo and a follow-up at the LCVision Community Event at CERN in January 2025. It heavily builds on decades of achievements of the global linear collider community, in particular in the context of CLIC and ILC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
NASA NTRS1990

The cosmic microwave background - A probe of particle physics

The current status of spectral distortions and angular anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background is reviewed, with emphasis on the role played by weakly interacting particle dark matter. Theoretical predictions and recent observational results are described, and prospects for future progress are summarized.

Silk, Joseph↗
DOE OSTI2025

New physics particles mixing with mesons: Production in the fragmentation chain

A class of extensions to the Standard Model adds hypothetical long-lived particles (LLPs) that have mass- or kinetic-mixing with neutral mesons, such as pions or rho mesons. The mixing can contribute significantly to the production of LLPs at proton accelerator experiments, and no consistent description of these production modes exists in the literature. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying different LLPs—dark photons, vector mediators coupled to the baryon current, and axionlike particles with different coupling patterns. In particular, we implement the production mechanisms in PYTHIA 8, study how the overall flux and kinematic distributions depend on the LLP’s mass, and compare various subprocesses where the mixing contributes—proton bremsstrahlung, meson decay, and production in the fragmentation chain. We find that our new description of LLP production predicts an integrated flux that differs from current approaches by one to two orders of magnitude, and highlight the unavoidable theoretical uncertainties coming from poor knowledge of the properties of heavy mesons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Particle Physics with the Cosmic Microwave Background with SPT-3G

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) encodes information about the content and evolution of the universe. The presence of light, weakly interacting particles impacts the expansion history of the early universe, which alters the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. In this way, current measurements of the CMB place interesting constraints on the neutrino energy density and mass, as well as on the abundance of other possible light relativistic particle species. We present the status of an on-going 1500 sq. deg. survey with the SPT-3G receiver, a new mm-wavelength camera on the 10-m diameter South Pole Telescope (SPT). The SPT-3G camera consists of 16,000 superconducting transition edge sensors, a 10x increase over the previous generation camera, which allows it to map the CMB with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution. We highlight projected constraints on the abundance of sterile neutrinos and the sum of the neutrino masses for the SPT-3G survey, which could help determine the neutrino mass hierarchy.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Muon Sources for Particle Physics - Accomplishments of the Muon Accelerator Program

The Muon Accelerator Program (MAP) completed a four-year study on the feasibility of muon colliders and on using stored muon beams for neutrinos. That study was broadly successful in its goals, establishing the feasibility of lepton colliders from the 125 GeV Higgs Factory to more than 10 TeV, as well as exploring using a μ storage ring (MSR) for neutrinos, and establishing that MSRs could provide factory-level intensities of νe (ν $\bar{e}$ ) and ν $\bar{μ}$ ) (ν μ ) beams. The key components of the collider and neutrino factory systems were identified. Feasible designs and detailed simulations of all of these components were obtained, including some initial hardware component tests, setting the stage for future implementation where resources are available and clearly associated physics goals become apparent

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Perspective on Tsallis statistics for nuclear and particle physics

This is a concise introduction to the topic of nonextensive Tsallis statistics meant especially for those interested in its relation to high-energy proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. The three types of Tsallis statistics are reviewed. Only one of them is consistent with the fundamental hypothesis of equilibrium statistical mechanics. The single-particle distributions associated with it, namely Boltzmann, Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein, are derived. These are not equilibrium solutions to the conventional Boltzmann transport equation which must be modified in a rather nonintuitive manner for them to be so. Nevertheless, the Boltzmann limit of the Tsallis distribution is extremely efficient in representing a wide variety of single-particle distributions in high-energy proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions with only three parameters, one of them being the so-called nonextensitivity parameter [Formula: see text]. This distribution interpolates between an exponential at low transverse energy, reflecting thermal equilibrium, to a power law at high transverse energy, reflecting the asymptotic freedom of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). It should not be viewed as a fundamental new parameter representing nonextensive behavior in these collisions.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2025

Input to the European strategy for particle physics: strong-field quantum electrodynamics

This document sets out the intention of the strong-field QED community to carry out, both experimentally and numerically, high-statistics parametric studies of quantum electrodynamics in the non-perturbative regime, at fields approaching and exceeding the critical or ‘Schwinger’ field of QED (F qed ≈ m 2 c 3 / eh ≈ 1.3 x 10 18 V/m) in the rest frame of a charged particle. In this regime, several exotic and fascinating phenomena are predicted to occur that have never been directly observed in the laboratory. These include Breit–Wheeler pair production, vacuum birefringence, and quantum radiation reaction. This experimental programme will also serve as a stepping stone towards studies of elusive phenomena such as elastic scattering of real photons and the conjectured perturbative breakdown of QED at extreme fields. State-of-the-art high-power laser facilities in Europe and beyond are starting to offer unique opportunities to study this uncharted regime at the intensity frontier, which is highly relevant also for the design of future multi-TeV lepton colliders. A transition from qualitative observational experiments to quantitative and high-statistics measurements can only be performed with large-scale collaborations and with systematic experimental programmes devoted to the optimisation of several aspects of these complex experiments, including detector developments, stability and tolerances studies, and laser technology.

Sarri, G. [Queen’s University Belfast (United King↗