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Results for “Reservoir Computing”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Multifunctional electrochemical memory stabilized by phase coexistence

Our growing computing needs, especially in applications that heavily rely on artificial intelligence (AI), motivate a search for new components that could substantially augment the performance of general-purpose digital computers. Beyond ON/OFF switching, new components with linear multistate analog resistive tuning, nonlinear volatile switching, spiking, oscillatory, stochastic and other complex functionalities could enable highly efficient neuromorphic computing schemes for AI information processing. Compared to the extreme multifunctionality of biological neurons, realizing all the above characteristics in a single, scalable analog component remains a grand challenge. Here we investigate electrochemical gating combined with localized thermal activation to program and switch a single, vertically integrated and dimensionally scaled electrothermal chemical random access memory (ETCRAM) with a channel and reservoir composed of phase-separated vanadium oxide. Closely related to electrochemical RAM (ECRAM), ETCRAM uses an integrated gate-heater electrode to overcome kinetic barriers that help retain states at ambient temperatures. In addition to synapse-like stable and programmable analog resistance states arising from redox-tunable phase coexistence, a single component exhibits neuron-like nonlinear conductance switching with a tunable threshold and self-driven dynamics owing to the thermally driven metal-insulator phase transition in vanadium dioxide. More broadly, we demonstrate that electrochemically stabilized phase coexistence could unlock analog electronics with novel functionality, stability, reconfigurability, and scalability.

Oh, Sangheon [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Liver↗
NASA NTRS1986

Satellite data in aquatic area research - Some ideas for future studies

Attempts to apply aquatic remote sensing to the preparation of parametric map-like presentations, quantitative evaluations and time-related investigations in various water areas in Finland are presented. The potential use of Landsat MSS data in aquatic area studies, including limology, aquatic botany, geomorphology and engineering is evaluated using computer-aided digital remote sensing techniques. MSS data may provide information about depth, Secchi disc values, humus content in water, and productivity. Aquatic vegetation classification using MSS is possible only where vegetation units are large enough in respect to the 0.5 hectares ground resolution. Multitemporal satellite imagery has been used to evaluate alterations in the littoral areas of some Finnish water reservoirs between successive periods of high water. It is concluded that although MSS data can be of use in aquatic studies, it should be used in connection with field data and/or TM and SPOT data.

Raitala, Jouko T.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Relations for the thermodynamic and transport properties in the testing environment of the Langley hypersonic CF4 tunnel

Thermodynamic and transport properties of gaseous CF4 that can be used in flow field computer codes and theoretical analyses for comparison of results with experimental data from the Langley Hypersonic CF4 Tunnel are presented. The thermodynamic relations which are based on thermally perfect but calorifically imperfect gas are adequate for the testing environment of the CF4 tunnel and are simpler to use than the imperfect gas relations required to define the complete expansion from the tunnel reservoir. Relations for the transport properties are based on the kinetic theory of gases in which published experimental data are used in the derivation of the relations. Extensive experimental data were located for viscosity and the derived relation should provide values for viscosity with errors of less than 1 percent. The experimental data for thermal conductivity were limited with significant disagreement between the various sources. The derived relation will probably provide values for the thermal conductivity with errors of no more than 5 percent which is within the accuracy of the experimental data.

Sutton, K.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Ecological Modeling Research and Education at Mid America Remote Sensing Center (MARC): Field and Laboratory Enhancement

The purpose of this project was to establish a new hyperspectral remote sensing laboratory at the Mid-America Remote sensing Center (MARC), dedicated to in situ and laboratory measurements of environmental samples and to the manipulation, analysis, and storage of remotely sensed data for environmental monitoring and research in ecological modeling using hyperspectral remote sensing at MARC, one of three research facilities of the Center of Reservoir Research at Murray State University (MSU), a Kentucky Commonwealth Center of Excellence. The equipment purchased, a FieldSpec FR portable spectroradiometer and peripherals, and ENVI hyperspectral data processing software, allowed MARC to provide hands-on experience, education, and training for the students of the Department of Geosciences in quantitative remote sensing using hyperspectral data, Geographic Information System (GIS), digital image processing (DIP), computer, geological and geophysical mapping; to provide field support to the researchers and students collecting in situ and laboratory measurements of environmental data; to create a spectral library of the cover types and to establish a World Wide Web server to provide the spectral library to other academic, state and Federal institutions. Much of the research will soon be published in scientific journals. A World Wide Web page has been created at the web site of MARC. Results of this project are grouped in two categories, education and research accomplishments. The Principal Investigator (PI) modified remote sensing and DIP courses to introduce students to ii situ field spectra and laboratory remote sensing studies for environmental monitoring in the region by using the new equipment in the courses. The PI collected in situ measurements using the spectroradiometer for the ER-2 mission to Puerto Rico project for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Airborne Simulator (MAS). Currently MARC is mapping water quality in Kentucky Lake and vegetation in the Land-Between-the Lakes (LBL) using Landsat-TM data. A Landsat-TM scene of the same day was obtained to relate ground measurements to the satellite data. A spectral library has been created for overstory species in LBL. Some of the methods, such as NPDF and IDFD techniques for spectral unmixing and reduction of effects of shadows in classifications- comparison of hyperspectral classification techniques, and spectral nonlinear and linear unmixing techniques, are being tested using the laboratory.

Cetin, Haluk↗
NASA NTRS2012

Crystallization of Yamato 980459 at 0.5 GPA: Are Residual Liquids Like QUE 94201?

The Martian basaltic meteorites Y980459 and QUE94201 (henceforth referred to as Y98 and QUE respectively) are thought to represent magmatic liquid compositions, rather than being products of protracted crystallization and accumulation like the majority of other martian meteorites. Both meteorite compositions have been experimentally crystallized at 1 bar, and liquidus phases were found to match corresponding mineral core compositions in the meteorites, consistent with the notion that these meteorites represent bona fide melts. They also represent the most primitive and most evolved basaltic martian samples, respectively. Y98 has Mg# (molar Mg/Mg+Fe) approximates 65, and lacks plagioclase; whereas QUE has Mg# approximates 40, and lacks olivine. However they share important geochemical characteristics (e.g. superchondritic CaO/Al2O3, very high epsilon(sub Nd) and low Sr-87/Sr-87) that suggest they sample a similar highly depleted mantle reservoir. As such, they represent likely endmembers of martian magmatic liquid compositions, and it is natural to seek petrogenetic linkages between the two. We make no claim that the actual meteorites themselves share a genetic link (the respective ages rule that out); we are exploring only in general whether primitive martian liquids like Y98 could evolve to liquids resembling QUE. Both experimental and computational efforts have been made to determine if there is indeed such a link. Recent petrological models at 1 bar generated using MELTS suggest that a QUE-like melt can be derived from a parental melt with a Y98 composition. However, experimental studies at 1 bar have been less successful at replicating this progression. Previous experimental crystallization studies of Y98 by our group at 0.5 GPa have produced melt compositions approaching that of QUE, although these results were complicated by the presence of small, variable amounts of H2O in some of the runs owing to the use of talc/pyrex experimental assemblies. Therefore we have repeated the four experiments, augmented with additional runs, all using BaCO3 cell assemblies, which are devoid of water, and these new experiments supersede those reported earlier. Here we report results of experiments simulating equilibrium crystallization; fractional crystallization experiments are currently underway.

Rapp, J. F.↗
DOE OSTI2024

wmpy-power: A Python package for process-based regional hydropower simulation

Hydropower is an important source of renewable energy in many parts of the world. The generation potential for a hydropower facility can vary greatly due to fluctuations in precipitation and snowmelt patterns impacting streamflow and reservoir storage. Human activities such as irrigation, manufacturing, and hydration can also influence water availability at nearby and downstream facilities. wmpy-power--the hydropower model described in this work--is process-based, leveraging explicit reservoir storage and release data to address impacts on hydropower from climate change and human adaptive behaviors to inform long-term planning and resource-adequacy considerations.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
NASA NTRS1973

Computer acquired performance data from a chemically vapor-deposited-rhenium, niobium planar diode

Performance data from a chemically vapor-deposited-rhenium, niobium thermionic converter are presented. The planar converter has a guard-ringed collector and a nominal fixed spacing of 0.25 mm (10 mils). The data were obtained by using a computerized acquisition system and are available on request to one of the authors on microfiche as individual and composite parametric current, voltage curves. The parameters are the temperatures of the emitter T sub E collector T sub C, and cesium reservoir T sub R. The composite plots have constant T sub E and varying T sub C or T sub R, or both. Current, voltage envelopes having constant T sub E with and without fixed T sub C appear in the present report. The diode was tested at increments between 1600 and 2000 K for the emitter Hohlraum, 800 to 1100 K for the collector, and 540 and 650 K for the reservoir. A total of 312 current, voltage curves were obtained in the present performance evaluation. Current, voltage envelopes from three rhenium emitter converters evaluated in the present program are also given. The data are compared at commom emitter Hohlraum temperatures.

Manista, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Computation of rarefied hypersonic flows

Numerical techniques for the simulation of hypersonic flows of rarefied gases are examined in an analytical review. The direct-simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method developed to interpret measurement data obtained by the Space Shuttle in the SUMS project is described; the fundamental limitations of the DMSC approach are discussed; and modifications to improve the physical plausibility of DSMC predictions are proposed. Particular attention is given to the use of a double-peaked molecular distribution function for the internal flow in the SUMS probe, a downstream vacuum-reservoir condition as a simplifying assumption, and an explicit forward-time centered-space differencing scheme for the discretization of the SUMS problem. Typical simulation results are presented in extensive graphs and briefly characterized.

Cheng, Sin-I↗
NASA NTRS1994

Evaluating GCM land surface hydrology parameterizations by computing river discharges using a runoff routing model: Application to the Mississippi basin

To relate general circulation model (GCM) hydrologic output to readily available river hydrographic data, a runoff routing scheme that routes gridded runoffs through regional- or continental-scale river drainage basins is developed. By following the basin overland flow paths, the routing model generates river discharge hydrographs that can be compared to observed river discharges, thus allowing an analysis of the GCM representation of monthly, seasonal, and annual water balances over large regions. The runoff routing model consists of two linear reservoirs, a surface reservoir and a groundwater reservoir, which store and transport water. The water transport mechanisms operating within these two reservoirs are differentiated by their time scales; the groundwater reservoir transports water much more slowly than the surface reservior. The groundwater reservior feeds the corresponding surface store, and the surface stores are connected via the river network. The routing model is implemented over the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project Mississippi River basin on a rectangular grid of 2 deg X 2.5 deg. Two land surface hydrology parameterizations provide the gridded runoff data required to run the runoff routing scheme: the variable infiltration capacity model, and the soil moisture component of the simple biosphere model. These parameterizations are driven with 4 deg X 5 deg gridded climatological potential evapotranspiration and 1979 First Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) Global Experiment precipitation. These investigations have quantified the importance of physically realistic soil moisture holding capacities, evaporation parameters, and runoff mechanisms in land surface hydrology formulations.

Liston, G. E.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A basic code for the prediction of transient three-dimensional turbulent flowfields

A primitive pressure-velocity finite difference code has been developed to predict transient three-dimensional turbulent flow. The code is a simplified yet effective prediction procedure for use by persons with little experience in computational fluid dynamics, and into which user-oriented complexities can easily be added. The method is based on the transient two-dimensional Los Alamos SOLA prediction technique for laminar flows. Turbulence is simulated by means of a two-equation turbulence model; species diffusion and buoyancy are also included. Two applications of the code are presented to local destratification near the release structure of a reservoir and to the deflection of a jet entering normally into a uniform cross-flow. Predicted results exhibit good agreement with experimental data, showing that a useful characterization of fully three-dimensional flows is now available.

Busnaina, A. A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Surrogate models for development of unconventional shale reservoirs by an integrated numerical approach of hydraulic fracturing, flow and geomechanics, and machine learning

We develop well-completion surrogate models by taking an integrated workflow of hydraulic fracturing, flow, geomechanics, and machine learning simulation. There are three steps in the proposed workflow. First, history-matching processes are conducted with the field data including pumping and production data for characterization. Second, full-physics simulation is performed with various parameters of the field development (e.g., cluster spacing, clusters per stage, pumping rates and times, amount of proppant, and well spacing) to generate multiple simulation results by changing the parameters of the completion design with well-known hydraulic fracturing, reservoir, geomechanics simulators to calculate fracture geometry, reservoir depressurization, induced stress changes. The workflow is demonstrated over a field in the Southern Midland Basin. Here, we take two completion scenarios: a single well case followed by a multi-well case. Finally, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) machine learning algorithm is employed to create surrogate models that can replicate the full-physics simulation results. Furthermore, results show that the trained models applied in the single well and multi-well cases for a particular geological system can provide good accuracy close to those provided by full-physics simulations. Specifically, the site-specific surrogate models can predict fracture parameters (length, height, and surface area) and cumulative production accurately with computational efficiency, suggesting our proposed workflow can be used as a pragmatic tool for expediting the well completion optimization process.

Geomechanics↗
NASA NTRS1974

Automatic classification of eutrophication of inland lakes from spacecraft data

The author has identified the following significant results. Spacecraft data and computer techniques can be used to rapidly map and store onto digital tapes watershed land use information. Software is now available by which this land use information can be rapidly and economically extracted from the tapes and related to coliform counts and other lake contaminants (e.g. phosphorus). These tools are basic elements for determining those land use factors and sources of nutrients that accelerate eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs.

Rogers, R. H.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Three-Dimensional Pore Networks in Miocene Stevens Sandstone of California: Implications for CO 2 Geologic Storage

The Miocene Stevens Sandstone in the San Joaquin Basin of California is increasingly recognized as a promising candidate for CO 2 geological storage due to the enormous storage capacity, proven sealing, and existing infrastructure. In this study, computed microtomography imaging and pore network modeling were employed to investigate the influence of pore geometry and wettability on the CO 2 injectivity and residual trapping. Image analysis revealed that a significant fraction of the cement and matrix consists of microporous regions. The microporosity can substantially increase the overall pore space, yet its contribution to permeability remains modest, particularly in samples with low permeability. The intrinsic heterogeneity of turbidite reservoirs further complicates the reservoir properties among different layers. Two-phase flow simulations under varying wettability conditions (water-wet, weak water-wet, and neutral-wet) demonstrated that the CO 2 injection is predominantly controlled by macropores. CO 2 invades microporous regions only after these larger pores are filled. The presence of microporosity leads to a decrease in both initial and residual CO 2 saturations, with the magnitude of the reduction being influenced by wettability. Neutral-wet scenarios exhibit higher CO 2 mobility and thus lower residual trapping than water-wet scenarios. The results imply that heterogeneity in pore geometry and cement distribution across different layers can result in stratified CO 2 flow pathways, complicating efforts to predict injection performance. Overall, the Stevens Sandstone shows considerable promise for CO 2 geologic storage, but effective implementation will require detailed characterization of the pore structure as well as the integration of reactive fluid flow to account for potential mineral dissolution and fines migration.

fluids↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Scale 3D Imaging for Machine Learning Property Upscaling: Mt. Simon Sandstone Case Study

Petrographic properties of principal target reservoirs for carbon sequestration, such as the Mt. Simon Sandstone, are relevant to broad interest groups. The Mt. Simon Sandstone is a deep, saline, regionally extensive Cambrian sandstone, overlain by low permeability sealing formations, making it one of the viable geologic carbon storage reservoirs in the Midwestern US. Its thickness (exceeding 2400 ft in some localities), depth, and lateral extent, combined with high porosity and permeability make it a high-priority target of multiple ongoing geologic carbon sequestration efforts in the United States of America. The National Energy Technology Laboratory in Morgantown, West Virginia, has been engaged in characterization efforts of the Mt. Simon for over a decade, with a strong focus on Computed Tomographic data acquisition. Data generated during this period has been hitherto not accessible to the public. This archival effort focused on preservation of historical CT data and associated metadata, and facilitating their accessibility, culminating with the publication of the entire dataset on NETL’s Energy Data eXchange (EDX) and the associated Gill et. al (2024) paper.

Gill, Magdalena K.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Deep Learning-based Surrogate Model for Efficient Reservoir Simulation in Large-scale Geological Carbon Storage: Application in IBDP Dataset

This project introduces an advanced deep learning (DL)-based surrogate modeling approach to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of large-scale geological carbon storage (GCS) simulations. Using the Illinois Basin Decatur Project (IBDP) dataset as training data, the study employs a residual U-Net architecture to predict critical state variables such as pressure and CO₂ saturation, as well as CO₂ plume migration. By incorporating key geological parameters (e.g., porosity, permeability, and rock facies) and physics-informed inputs like the diffusive time of flight and time step, the DL model effectively reduces computational complexity while maintaining robust physical constraints. Compared to traditional simulators like Eclipse, the DL model achieves remarkable accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.57 psi for pressure and 0.007 for saturation, and dramatically reduces computational time from hours to just 69.9 seconds for 50-step simulations. These results demonstrate the potential of innovative DL methodologies to improve the predictivity and operational efficiency of GCS simulations, providing a reliable foundation for decision-making in CCS operations. Supported by the SMART initiative, this project underscores the success of leveraging computational innovations to advance CCS technologies.

advanced deep learning↗
NASA NTRS1979

Recycling isoelectric focusing with computer controlled data acquisition system

Isoelectric focusing is a high-resolution technique for separating and purifying large peptides, proteins, and other biomolecules. The apparatus described in the present paper constitutes a new approach to fluid stabilization and increased throughput. Stabilization is achieved by flowing the process fluid uniformly through an array of closely spaced filter elements oriented parallel both to the electrodes and the direction of the flow. This seems to overcome the major difficulties of parabolic flow and electroosmosis at the walls, while limiting the convection to chamber compartments defined by adjacent spacers. Increased throughput is achieved by recirculating the process fluid through external heat exchange reservoirs, where the Joule heat is dissipated.

Egen, N. B.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Cryogenic testing of mirrors for infrared space telescopes

The Shuttle IR Telescope Facility (SIRTF) test apparatus can test candidate mirror materials as large as 66 cm in diameter, at temperatures as low as about 10 K, and is accurate enough to detect optical figure changes as small as a fraction of a wavelength from the room temperature figure. The fused silica mirrors currently undergoing testing in the SIRTF are sunk into a liquid He reservoir with copper straps, whose individual strands are soldered to small silver spots diffused throughout the unfigured side of the mirror to accomplish fast conductive cooling. Optical access to the cold mirror is by means of a small glass port in the vacuum chamber. An interferometer is used to examine the mirror figure throughout the cool-down. Interferograms are photographed, fringe patterns are digitized, and mirror figure contour plots are calculated by means of a computer.

Miller, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Aerothermodynamic Facilities And Measurement: Flow Characterization in Shock Tunnels

This presentation will examine the key performance aspects of shock tunnels as they relate to their use as aerothermodynamic flow simulation facilities. Assessment of shock tube reservoir conditions and flow contaminants generated in the shock tube will be presented along with their limiting impact on viable test envelopes, Facility nozzle performance as it pertains to test time assessment and nozzle exit flow quality (survey of pressure, temperature, and species) will be addressed. Also included will be a discussion of free stream flow diagnostics, both intrusive and nonintrusive, for measurement of critical flow properties not directly inferred from surface mounted transducers. The use of computational fluid dynamics for purposes of validating experimental measurements as well as predicting performance in regimes where measurements are not feasible or possible will be discussed. The use of CFD for facility research and design will also be presented.

Cavolowsky, John A.↗