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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

An At-Home Evaluation of a Light Intervention to Mitigate Sleep Inertia Symptoms

Introduction: Sleep inertia symptoms typically occur after waking from nocturnal sleep. Under laboratory settings, light exposure upon waking has been shown to improve alertness, mood, and vigilant attention. We investigated whether a field-deployable light-emitting device would help to improve alertness and working memory in a real-world setting. Methods: Thirty-five participants (18 female; 26.4 ± 6.0 y) completed an at-home, within-subject, randomized crossover study. Participants wore actiwatches during their normal sleep-wake schedule for five nights ahead of the adaptation and experimental nights. On the experimental night, participants performed baseline testing before their self-selected bedtime. Forty-five minutes after bedtime, participants received a phone call and were instructed to perform test bouts while wearing light-emitting glasses with the light either on (light condition) or off (control). A 3-minute descending subtraction task (DST) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were performed at +7, +17, +27, and +37 minutes after the call. Participants were then instructed to go back to sleep and were called 45 minutes after lights out to repeat the test bouts in the opposite condition. A series of mixed-effects models were performed with fixed effects of condition, test bout, and their interaction, and a random effect of participant. Condition order, sex, and baseline were included as covariates. Results: There was a significant effect of test bout for DST total responses (χ2 [3] = 17.42; p < .001) and total correct (χ2 [3] = 21.29; p < .001) with improved performance at +27 and +37 minutes compared to +7 minutes. Sex was a significant predictor for KSS (F1,30 = 10.26; p = .003), with females (8.20 ± 0.23) rating higher sleepiness than males (7.10 ± 0.25). There were no other significant effects for DST or KSS outcomes (p > .05). Conclusion: These results suggest that the intervention was not able to improve working memory or alertness under naturalistic at-home settings. Further analysis is needed to determine whether these results are applicable to other cognitive performance domains.

light↗
DOE OSTI2020

Impact of Tuned Lighting on Skilled Nursing Center Residents' Sleep

The Problem: Sleep disturbance is common among nursing center residents and places them at risk for poor health outcomes. Lighting that changes in color and intensity over the course of the day and night may improve sleep and other outcomes, like dementia behaviors, but has has not been rigorously evaluated under real-world conditions. The Resolution: This single-facility study establishes that facility-level tuned lighting is feasible to implement and evaluate in a nursing center. Researchers randomly-assigned three corridors to one of two lighting conditions, then the other. Residents experienced half as many sleep disturbances while exposed to tuned vs. static lighting. There was no effect on behaviors. Tips for Success: Tuned lighting is a low-risk intervention that could be employed in new construction or when retrofitting fixtures into existing buildings. Key Words: Nursing home, long-term care, lighting, sleep, behaviors

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1971

Individual variation in circadian rhythms of sleep, EEG, temperature, and activity among monkeys - Implications for regulatory mechanisms.

Investigation of circadian rhythms in a number of variables related to sleep, EEG, temperature, and motor activity in rhesus monkeys on an LD 12:12 schedule. Circadian rhythms were found to appear in each of 15 variables investigated. Statistical procedures assessed the variables for evidence of common regulation in these aspects of their circadian rhythms: acrophase (timing), amplitude (extent of change), and level (24-hr mean value). Patterns appearing in the data suggested that the circadian rhythms of certain variables are regulated in common. The circadian modulation of activity in the beta and sigma frequency bands of the EEG was correlated with statistical significance in acrophase, level, and amplitude. The delta frequency band appeared to be under circadian rhythm regulation distinct from that of the other bands. The circadian rhythm of REM stage sleep was like that of beta activity in level and amplitude. The data indicate that REM stage may share some common regulation of circadian timing with both stage 3-4 sleep and with temperature. Generally, however, the circadian rhythm of temperature appeared to bear little relation to the circadian rhythms of motor activity, EEG, or sleep.

Crowley, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Sleep deprivation and the organization of the behavioral states.

Questions concerning the significance of sleep in the developing organism are investigated, together with the mechanisms that underlie the unique distribution of behavioral states at any particular age and during any particular experimental manipulation. It is attempted to define the states of sleep and wakefulness in terms of a temporal confluence of a number of more or less independent processes, taking also into account the functional consequences of these attributes. The results of a selective deprivation of rapid eye movement sleep are explored, giving attention to effects on sleep, behavioral changes, brain excitability, pharmacological changes, and biochemical changes.

Dement, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Effect of cessation of late-night landing noise on sleep electrophysiology in the home

Simultaneous measurements of noise exposure and sleep electrophysiology were made in homes before and after cessation of nighttime aircraft landing noise. Six people were tested, all of whom had been exposed to intense aircraft noise for at least two years. Noise measurements indicated a large reduction in the hourly noise level during nighttime hours, but no charge during the daytime hours. Sleep measures indicated no dramatic changes in sleep patterns either immediately after a marked change in nocturnal noise exposure or approximately a month thereafter. No strong relationship was observed between noise level and sleep disturbances over the range from 60 to 90 db(A).

Pearsons, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A control system formulation of the mechanism that controls the secretions of serum group hormone in humans during sleep

Plasma growth hormone concentrations during sleep were determined experimentally. An elevated level of plasma growth hormone was observed during the initial phase of sleep and remained elevated for approximately 3 hr before returning to the steady-state level. Moreover, subsequent to a prolonged interruption of sleep, of the order of 2-3 hr, an elevated level of plasma growth hormone was again observed during the initial phase of resumed sleep. A control system formulation of the mechanism that controls the secretions of serum growth hormone in humans was used to account for the growth hormone responses observed.

Howard, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Primate body temperature and sleep responses to lower body positive pressure

Cephalic fluid shifts, induced by lower body positive pressure (LBPP) are known to influence various physiological systems (i.e., cardiovascular and renal). In earlier experiments, an apparent change in the arousal state of primates in such LBPP conditions was observed. This study was designed to examine the effects of LBPP on arousal state and body temperature level which is normally correlated with sleep. Chair-restrained male squirrel monkeys were exposed to 40 mmHg LBPP for 90-100 minutes between the daytime hours of 13:00-15:00. Each monkey was placed in a specially modified restraint chair to which they were highly trained. Deep body temperature (DBT) was collected from 10 animals. Sleep parameters were obtained from six animals chronically implanted for sleep recording. A video camera was used to observe each animal's apparent state of arousal. LBPP resulted in an approximate 0.9 C decrease in DBT. During video observation, some animals appeared drowsy during LBPP; however, sleep recording revealed no significant changes in the state of arousal. Thus, LBPP is capable of inducing a mild hyperthermia. Further, the mechanisms underlying the observed lowering of body temperature appear to be independent of arousal state.

Edgar, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Wakefulness in Prolonged Confinement

The dysynchronization of human circadian rhythms during 7 long-term (2 to 6 months) confinement experiments in temporal isolation in caves was studied. Five subjects abandon the circadian period of sleep and wakefulness (S-W) and spontaneously reach a circabidian S-W cycle (34 to 36 hr waking, 14 to 12 hr sleep) they maintain during weeks. Some subjects reach the 48 hr cycle very quickly (8 to 15 days), others after months. Polygraphic analyses of sleep show that rapid eye movement state (REMS) duration is directly proportional to the total duration of sleep and that the ultradian periodicity of REMS remains constant when S-W cycle is circadian or circabidian. When S-W cycle desynchronizes from circadian to circabidian, REMS and S-4 increase at the expense of stages I-2 and remain in constant relationship with the duration of previous wakefulness period.

M Siffre↗
NASA NTRS1988

Analysis of sleep on Shuttle missions

The sleep patterns of 58 Space Shuttle crew members are analyzed statistically on the basis of debriefing forms filled out within 3 days postflight. The data are compiled in a table, and photographs of typical sleep conditions on the Shuttle are provided. It is found that sleep disruption is relatively common on Shuttle missions, especially on the first and last days. Sleep medication was used by 19.4 percent of crew on single-shift flights and 50 percent of crew on dual-shift flights.

Santy, Patricia A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Sleep and circadian rhythms in long duration space flight - Antarctica as an analogue environment

The feasibility of using Antarctica as an environment for studying the impact of unusual 24 h environmental cycles (zeitgebers) on the circadian system is discussed. Adaptation of circadian rhythms and sleep of three scientists travelling from New Zealand to Antarctica during summer (which is analogous to arrival at a lunar base during the lunar day) has been studied. Data obtained indicate that sleep occurred at the same clock time, but sleep quality was poorer in Antarctica, which can be explained by the fact that the circadian system delayed by about 2 h in Antarctica, as would be expected in a weaker zeitgeber environment. It is suggested that sleep could be improved by altering patterns of exposure to the available zeitgebers to increase their effective strength.

Gander, Philippa H.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Estimating the Need for Medical Intervention due to Sleep Disruption on the International Space Station

During ISS and shuttle missions, difficulties with sleep affect more than half of all US crews. Mitigation strategies to help astronauts cope with the challenges of disrupted sleep patterns can negatively impact both mission planning and vehicle design. The methods for addressing known detrimental impacts for some mission scenarios may have a substantial impact on vehicle specific consumable mass or volume or on the mission timeline. As part of the Integrated Medical Model (IMM) task, NASA Glenn Research Center is leading the development of a Monte Carlo based forecasting tool designed to determine the consumables required to address risks related to sleep disruption. The model currently focuses on the International Space Station and uses an algorithm that assembles representative mission schedules and feeds this into a well validated model that predicts relative levels of performance, and need for sleep (SAFTE Model, IBR Inc). Correlation of the resulting output to self-diagnosed needs for hypnotics, stimulants, and other pharmaceutical countermeasures, allows prediction of pharmaceutical use and the uncertainty of the specified prediction. This paper outlines a conceptual model for determining a rate of pharmaceutical utilization that can be used in the IMM model for comparison and optimization of mitigation methods with respect to all other significant medical needs and interventions.

Myers, Jerry G.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight - Short

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight - Short (Sleep-Short) will examine the effects of spaceflight on the sleep of the astronauts during space shuttle missions. Advancing state-of-the-art technology for monitoring, diagnosing and assessing treatment of sleep patterns is vital to treating insomnia on Earth and in space.

Czeisler, Charles A.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Sleep and Performance in Space

This presentation summarizes challenges associated with sleeping in space. It reviews the factors associated with sleep loss during spaceflight, discusses the consequences of sleep loss during spaceflight, and also discusses countermeasures for sleep loss during spaceflight.

human performance↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Artemis III Sleep Scheduling with HYPNOS Mission Planning Tool HLS Yawn Prevention N Outer Space (HYPNOS)

HYPNOS ingests critical event data, such as burns and docking, and automatically shifts the crew’s sleep schedule to support these events where possible, while still being compliant with medical restrictions. HYPNOS analyzes the crew’s timeline in 3 states: 1) Awake, meaning the crew is active for work hours 2) Pre- and Post-Sleep, awake periods of limited activity as the crew gets ready to sleep or is waking up 3) Sleep, where the crew is inactive as they rest

Levi Gosdin↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Microbe Associated with Sleep Revealed by a Novel Systems Genetic Analysis of the Microbiome in Collaborative Cross Mice

The microbiome influences health and disease through complex networks of host genetics, genomics, microbes, and environment. Identifying the mechanisms of these interactions has remained challenging. Systems genetics in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) enables data-driven discovery of biological network components and mechanisms of host–microbial interactions underlying disease phenotypes. To examine the interplay among the whole host genome, transcriptome, and microbiome, we mapped QTL and correlated the abundance of cecal messenger RNA, luminal microflora, physiology, and behavior in a highly diverse Collaborative Cross breeding population. One such relationship, regulated by a variant on chromosome 7, was the association of Odoribacter (Bacteroidales) abundance and sleep phenotypes. In a test of this association in the BKS.Cg-Dock7 m +/+ Lepr db /J mouse model of obesity and diabetes, known to have abnormal sleep and colonization by Odoribacter, treatment with antibiotics altered sleep in a genotype-dependent fashion. The many other relationships extracted from this study can be used to interrogate other diseases, microbes, and mechanisms.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2001

The effects of age and gender on sleep EEG power spectral density in the middle years of life (ages 20-60 years old)

The effects of age and gender on sleep EEG power spectral density were assessed in a group of 100 subjects aged 20 to 60 years. We propose a new statistical strategy (mixed-model using fixed-knot regression splines) to analyze quantitative EEG measures. The effect of gender varied according to frequency, but no interactions emerged between age and gender, suggesting that the aging process does not differentially influence men and women. Women had higher power density than men in delta, theta, low alpha, and high spindle frequency range. The effect of age varied according to frequency and across the night. The decrease in power with age was not restricted to slow-wave activity, but also included theta and sigma activity. With increasing age, the attenuation over the night in power density between 1.25 and 8.00 Hz diminished, and the rise in power between 12.25 and 14.00 Hz across the night decreased. Increasing age was associated with higher power in the beta range. These results suggest that increasing age may be related to an attenuation of homeostatic sleep pressure and to an increase in cortical activation during sleep.

NASA Discipline Regulatory Physiology↗
NASA NTRS1998

Effects of sleep loss, time of day, and extended mental work on implicit and explicit learning of sequences

Tacit knowledge is part of many professional skills and can be studied experimentally with implicit-learning paradigms. The authors explored the effects of 2 different stressors, loss of sleep and mental fatigue, on implicit learning in a serial-response time (RT) task. In the 1st experiment, 1 night of sleep deprivation was shown to impair implicit but not explicit sequence learning. In the 2nd experiment, no impairment of both types of sequence learning was found after 1.5 hr of mental work. Serial-RT performance, in contrast, suffered from both stressors. These findings suggest that sleep deprivation induces specific risks for automatic, skill-based behavior that are not present in consciously controlled performance.

Learning↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Precision Health Solutions to Improve Sleep During Spaceflight Using Nutraceuticals

• Disruptions to sleep during spaceflight have been well documented including decreased duration and slow-wave sleep and circadian desynchrony • Frequent use of sleep-promoting medications and stimulants • Lack of a precision health approach • Current countermeasures infeasible in exploration class missions • Precision health solution: Implementation of nutraceuticals based on phenotype (observable or measurable traits)

Precision Health↗