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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Hydrometeor Size Sorting in the Asymmetric Eyewall of Hurricane Matthew (2016)
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Observed Cloud Type‐Sorted Cloud Property and Radiative Flux Changes With the Degree of Convective Aggregation From CERES Data
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Faster Magnet Sorting with a Threshold Acceptance Algoirithm
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ECP Milestone Highlights WBS 2.3.4.04 Improved Sort for VTK-m on ATS-1 STDA04-20.
Abstract not provided.
Two-Point Mixing, Buoyancy Sorting, and Updraft Dilution in the RACORO Campaign
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Torrefaction of Sorted MSW Pellets for Uniform Biopower Feedstock
The project objective is to use advanced compositional and thermophysical characterization methods from INL to support the evaluation of new production pathways (partnered with MTU) to biopower applications under the guidance of an industrial partner operating the in U.S. power sector (CE). Ultimately, this project aims to create a uniform feedstock from non-recyclable wastes that can be used in bioenergy and biomaterials, which torrefaction and preprocessing strategies are critical to achieving this goal.
Polarimetric Size Sorting Signatures in the Convective Regions of Mesoscale Convective Systems in PECAN: Implications on Kinematics, Thermodynamics, and Precipitation Pathways
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Symmetry-Breaking and Self-Sorting in Block Copolymer-Based Multicomponent Nanocomposites
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Performance Portability is (Sort of) a Lie
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Deployment of Rapid Assay Systems for Real-time Sorting of Excavation Spoil on Contaminated Land - 19258
To optimise segregation at source, and hence minimise waste production, NUVIA have developed and utilised the Gamma Excavation Monitor (GEM) system. The GEM was designed for land remediation projects, to provide a rapid screening tool for excavator buckets of material. Following successful deployment in the UK, including the Olympic Park site in London, and two major Magnox land remediation projects, the first GEM unit was deployed to Canadian Nuclear Laboratories' (CNL) Chalk River Laboratory (CRL) in 2016. The GEM unit was fitted with a plastic scintillator detector; recent developments have included the utilisation of a sodium iodide. The system is initiated by the presence of an excavator bucket above the detector which triggers proximity switches that automatically start the counting routine. At the end of a short count time, typically 10 seconds, the materials category is indicated by means of a traffic light system, based on either the gross gamma activity or a photo-peak. Using this instrument, material determined not to be radioactive can be re-used on-site. In addition to the traffic light system, results are also transmitted wirelessly to a tablet device. These combined features allow operation of the system without the need to have operatives near the mechanical excavator bucket; therefore, eliminating a significant industrial hazard. Deployments of the GEM on the CRL site have included Storm Water Management project, within the CRL controlled area, and the Foundation Road Landfill Project. The use of the GEM in these projects enabled in-situ decisions to be made regarding the segregation and sentencing of soil rather than having to wait for the analysis of samples; saving time and cost to the project. The Building 492 project involved the excavation of soil within a supervised area to prepare for the installation of modular trailer units. For this specific job, the GEM was calibrated to ensure soil met clearance criteria as stipulated in the Nuclear Substances and Radiation Devices Regulations (Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; SOR/2000-207). A total of 326 loads of soil were monitored during this project and re-assurance sampling conducted by CNL corroborated the results produced by the GEM system. (authors)
Application of FREMES to Characterize and Sort Soil During Site Remediation - 20182
During decommissioning of buildings and the related release of nuclear sites, large amounts of bulk materials such as soil must be measured for clearance. These measurements are required to demonstrate that for example potentially contaminated soil is below the respective radiological limits. Doing so also helps to minimize the amount of bulk material which has to be disposed of as nuclear waste. NUKEM Technologies Engineering Services GmbH (NUKEM) applies their FREMES technology in a project at the former fuel element factory of FBFC International at Dessel, Belgium. The purpose is to measure and check for potential contamination within the excavated soil. The project started in 2017 with design and procurement of the necessary equipment. In October 2017 the FREMES system was installed at the site. After installation and an extensive test program the FREMES facility went fully into operation in July 2018. Original foreseen to measure between 4.000 and 8.000 tons of material, it has currently (mid 2019) measured 23.600 tons. It is expected that another 5.000 tons still have to be measured before the project successfully ends. (authors)
Direct sorting, purification, and regeneration of cathode materials for aged lithium-ion batteries using a novel low-temperature plasma assisted separation process (LPAS)
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Hoechst fluorescence intensity can be used to separate viable bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells from viable non-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells
BACKGROUND: 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a powerful compound to study the mitotic activity of a cell. Most techniques that identify BrdU-labeled cells require conditions that kill the cells. However, the fluorescence intensity of the membrane-permeable Hoechst dyes is reduced by the incorporation of BrdU into DNA, allowing the separation of viable BrdU positive (BrdU+) cells from viable BrdU negative (BrdU-) cells. METHODS: Cultures of proliferating cells were supplemented with BrdU for 48 h and other cultures of proliferating cells were maintained without BrdU. Mixtures of viable BrdU+ and viable BrdU- cells from the two proliferating cultures were stained with Hoechst 33342. The viable BrdU+ and BrdU- cells were sorted into different fractions from a mixture of BrdU+ and BrdU- cells based on Hoechst fluorescence intensity and the ability to exclude the vital dye, propidium iodide. Subsequently, samples from the original mixture, the sorted BrdU+ cell population, and the sorted BrdU- cell population were immunostained using an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody and evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Two mixtures consisting of approximately 55% and 69% BrdU+ cells were sorted into fractions consisting of greater than 93% BrdU+ cells and 92% BrdU- cells. The separated cell populations were maintained in vitro after sorting to demonstrate their viability. CONCLUSIONS: Hoechst fluorescence intensity in combination with cell sorting is an effective tool to separate viable BrdU+ from viable BrdU- cells for further study. The separated cell populations were maintained in vitro after sorting to demonstrate their viability. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Complementary Metagenomic Approaches Improve Reconstruction of Microbial Diversity in a Forest Soil
ABSTRACT Soil ecosystems harbor diverse microorganisms and yet remain only partially characterized as neither single-cell sequencing nor whole-community sequencing offers a complete picture of these complex communities. Thus, the genetic and metabolic potential of this “uncultivated majority” remains underexplored. To address these challenges, we applied a pooled-cell-sorting-based mini-metagenomics approach and compared the results to bulk metagenomics. Informatic binning of these data produced 200 mini-metagenome assembled genomes (sorted-MAGs) and 29 bulk metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). The sorted and bulk MAGs increased the known phylogenetic diversity of soil taxa by 7.2% with respect to the Joint Genome Institute IMG/M database and showed clade-specific sequence recruitment patterns across diverse terrestrial soil metagenomes. Additionally, sorted-MAGs expanded the rare biosphere not captured through MAGs from bulk sequences, exemplified through phylogenetic and functional analyses of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes . Analysis of 67 Bacteroidetes sorted-MAGs showed conserved patterns of carbon metabolism across four clades. These results indicate that mini-metagenomics enables genome-resolved investigation of predicted metabolism and demonstrates the utility of combining metagenomics methods to tap into the diversity of heterogeneous microbial assemblages. IMPORTANCE Microbial ecologists have historically used cultivation-based approaches as well as amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to characterize microbial diversity in soil. However, challenges persist in the study of microbial diversity, including the recalcitrance of the majority of microorganisms to laboratory cultivation and limited sequence assembly from highly complex samples. The uncultivated majority thus remains a reservoir of untapped genetic diversity. To address some of the challenges associated with bulk metagenomics as well as low throughput of single-cell genomics, we applied flow cytometry-enabled mini-metagenomics to capture expanded microbial diversity from forest soil and compare it to soil bulk metagenomics. Our resulting data from this pooled-cell sorting approach combined with bulk metagenomics revealed increased phylogenetic diversity through novel soil taxa and rare biosphere members. In-depth analysis of genomes within the highly represented Bacteroidetes phylum provided insights into conserved and clade-specific patterns of carbon metabolism.
Using Robotic Manipulators for Radioactive Waste Inspection - 20090
The global nuclear industry has a growing volume of nuclear waste which needs to be scanned, sorted according to its activity and material type, then processed into the correct waste packages for long term storage and disposal. It is vital that there is a detailed understanding of the waste inventory stored in long term waste containers, as knowledge of their contents could predict or prevent any adverse effects in storage. The numerous 'scan and sort' tables which are currently used at many different facilities around the world to sort waste into their correct containers are human operated and require very slow gamma scanning procedures combined with educated guesswork to manually sort the waste. This often leads to excessive conservatisms, with placement of lower activity wastes in higher activity containers, which in turn costs significantly more to store. In the United Kingdom it costs UK Pounds 46 k per cubic meter to store intermediate level waste compared to just UK Pound 2.9 k per cubic meter to store low level waste according to a 2008 Department of Energy and Climate Change report in the UK. A proposed solution to this problem, is the use of a robotic manipulator to automatically inspect the 'scan and sort table' in order to produce an accurate 3D model of the table's waste contents and attach an overlaid radiation map. The radiation map contains spectrometry data and can in consequence be used to distinguish and locate specific radioisotopes. The 3D model should be as accurate as possible in order to allow for a second robot arm with an attached gripper to grasp the objects and place them into their designated long-term storage container. Various scanning procedures are explored in this study including basic raster scanning, adaptive raster scanning and point sampling. The optimal solution will in practice be defined by the required application and activity level of the wastes being inspected. The results presented in this study indicate that it is possible to produce a centimeter accurate 3D model of a mixed assortment of components on a nuclear waste 'scan and sort' table. In addition, it was shown that the waste objects emitting radiation could be accurately identified and located, with an overlaid radiation map. This study is applicable across the nuclear waste management sector. Many of the ideas and concepts developed in this study are applicable in other decommissioning settings for example, dismantling of legacy gloveboxes or routine inspection of nuclear waste packages in storage. (authors)